Dialog PII - Pengembangan Industri Mobil Listrik dan Industri Baterai

Agus Tjahajana
Tim Batere EV - BUMN
Jakarta, 22 Mei 2021
 Dialog dan Diskusi
Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik (EV)
1. Latar Belakang pengembangan Industri Mobil Listrik
dan Industry Baterai mobil listrik di Indonesia dan
dunia dan bagaimana pasarnya 5 sd 10 tahun yad?
2. Siapa saja pemain-pemainnya?
3. Roadmap dan Kebijakannya
a. Industri Mobil Listrik
b. Industri Baterai
4. Peluang bagi para entrepreuner kelas menengah
5. Manfaat Industri Baterai secara Nasional
6. Tantangan-Tantangan yang dihadapi
Transisi energi dunia

#1

Latar Belakang pengembangan Industri Mobil Listrik dan

Industry Baterai Mobil Listrik
1. Transisi Energi Dunia Vs Penggunaan Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik (KBL-BB / EV)

Emisi Berbagai Tipe Kendaraan

2015
Kendaraan berbasis EV terkoneksi EV terkoneksi
Paris Climate Agreement dengan Renewable
Fossil Fuel dengan Grid
emission must be cut by 50 percent Energy
(within 10 years) to meet global
Since 1870, warming below 2 degrees Celcius
Global Sea levels above pre-industrial levels
have risen by about
4.100 Kg 1.300 Kg 0 Kg

20 cm
Power Transport Industry Buildings
Emisi CO2 per 19.000 km
Dampak Gas Rumah Kaca
Agriculture Waste F-Gases https://www.pca.state.mn.us/featured/electric-cars-charge-ahead
Kenaikan level air

4
2 . Perpres 55/2019 – Percepatan KBL-BB untuk Transportasi Jalan
ISU STRATEGIS
Pokok-pokon Ketentuan Perpres

Era Kendaraan
Bermotor Listrik:
DISRUPTIF
OTOMOTIF
Kesempatan untuk
• Berkembangnya
Era Kendaraan Bermotor
Listrik
Industri Otomotif
Dalam Negeri
• Harapan akan
MEREK NASIONAL

Perpres no.55 th 2019 tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai
Sumber : Prof. Dr-Eng. Eniya Listiani Dewi, B.Eng, M.Eng, BPPT, 20 Mei 2020
untuk Transportasi Jalan
• Persyaratan TKDN perlu diverifikasi dan diyakini dapat tercapai
• Industri KBL dan industri pendukung KBL harus dipastikan tersedia dan siap mendukung terbangunnya Industri
Dalam Negeri 4
3 . Tantangan yang Dihadapi
INDONESIAN EV ECOSYSTEM CHALLENGES

TransJakarta

Sharing
Vehicle
EV ECOSYSTEM

Motorbike
Taxi (Ojek) Taxi
• Electricity and Charging Station availability Public
Pollution Free
• Readiness of EV market Transportation
Zone
• Readiness of EV system component industries
• Availability of affordable higher quality Battery, high power
density, and fast charging EV IMPLEMENTATION
• Fiscal and financial supports
• Regulation of penalties for polluted vehicles. c 7

Sumber : Prof. Dr-Eng. Eniya Listiani Dewi, B.Eng, M.Eng, BPPT, 20 Mei 2020
KBL - BB

#2

Pasar dan Produsen Mobil Listrik dan Baterai

Mobil Listrik
4. Kendaraan Transportasi Darat Penumpang

Pengertian dan prinsip HEV, PHEV, dan EV;

PHEV

PRIUS (HEV) GM VOLT (PHEV) LEAF (BEV)

ENGINE ENGINE

MOTOR MOTOR MOTOR

GENERATOR GENERATOR GENERATOR
BATTERY
BATTERY
BATTERY
INVERTER FUEL
TANK FUEL TANK

ON BOARD
CHARGER

PARALLEL
MOTOR
HEV : HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
BATTERY PHEV : PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
BEV : BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE
BEV

Sumber : OICA, 2020

5. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Masing-masing Teknologi (1)

Internal Combustion Plug-in Hybrid

Engine (ICE) (PHEV) Battery Electric (BEV)

Urban Traffic

• BEV berkembang pesat terutama di China, US dan Eropa

33
33 • Hybrid Vehicle
33
33 pemain utamanya
33 adalah Jepang
33

• Pesaing BEV adalah FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) statusnya masih
pengenalan pasar, pemain utama perusahaan Jepang dan Korea

9
5. EV Terminology (2)

Zero-Emission Vehicles
Electric Vehicles (EV)
(ZEV)

Plugin Hybrid EV Fuel Cell EV (FCEV)

Hybrid EV (HEV) Battery EV (BEV)
(PHEV)

Light-duty Vehicles Heavy-Duty

2W/3W Vehicles Vehicles (HDV)
(LDV)

Source: International Energy Agency, 2021

 06. INDONESIA
6. Permintaan EVCHALLENGES EV DEVELOPMENT (BACKGROUND)
Global BEV market
• Permintaan Dunia ↑ 1,7 x
↑ 1,2 x
↑ 1,7 x 1,84% China
1,53% Continue gradually reducing EV subsidies
0,91%
0,54% (June ‘19 : Cut ± $ 7.000 USD)
Million
ICE BEV (Bloomberg.com)
Millions

100,00 0,5 Mio

2016 0,8 Mio
2017 1,4 Mio
2018 2019
1,6 Mio
• Proyeksi Permintaan Dunia sd 2040
80,00

60,00

40,00 93 Mio 94 Mio 94 Mio

89 Mio

20,00

-
2016 2017 2018 2019 *Total incentive in China 15 K USD (Before subsidy)
06. INDONESIA CHALLENGES EV DEVELOPMENT
Source : OICA and others

The BEV market in the worldMarket

Indonesia still shows
ICE & NonaICE
growth trend, although in 2019 it experienced a
• Permintaan Indonesia
growth slowdown. China has gradually reduced subsidies for BEV technology
YEAR
MODEL 2019 2020 (JAN – NOV) Market of non-ICE
Internal Combution Engine motorized vehicles in
(ICE) 1.032.202 474.910
Indonesia is still
Hybrid (HEV) relatively small, due to
685 927 its high price, the price
of motorized vehicles in
Plug-In Hybrid (PHEV)
20 6 Indonesia is still
dominated in the 300
Battery Electric (BEV) million range.
0 290

Sumber : Kukuh Kumara, Sekjend Gaikindo, BASF Electrical Vehicle Webinar, 17 Desember 2020
 06. INDONESIA CHALLENGES EV DEVELOPMENT
7. Harga EV Vs ICE
EV Market Potential in Indonesia

Most x.EV are priced more than IDR 600 million, while Indonesia automotive
market is dominated by vehicles priced below IDR 300 million
Sumber : Kukuh Kumara, Sekjend Gaikindo, BASF Electrical Vehicle Webinar, 17 Desember 2020
 06. INDONESIA CHALLENGES EV DEVELOPMENT (BACKGROUND)
13. Produsen EV di Dunia
Global BEV Production

BMW
Mercedes
VW Nissan
Renault Toyota
Citroen Mitsubishi Tesla
Byd Chevrolet
Saic Hyundai Nissan
FAW Kia
Dongfeng
Chana
BaiC
GAC
Cherry
Geely
Toyota - BYD
Tesla
Audi - FAW

But the economic scale, currently the majority of BEV production is still concentrated in
Sumber : Kukuh Kumara, Sekjend Gaikindo, BASF Electrical Vehicle Webinar, 17 Desember 2020
 14. Produsen Baterai EV dan Perkiraan Kebutuhan Dunia
Hasil dari due diligence mengerucut pada 6 Mitra Potential

11 pemain dunia1 berdasarkan

kapasitas produksi …

1 40 267 307

2 50 187 237

3 46 89 135

4 40 72 112

5 30 64 94

6 12 67 79

7 35 42 77

8 2 71 72

9 0 64 64

39 62
10 23

11 8 47 54

Current Est incr. 2028

1. Top 10 from Statista report (Lithium-ion batteries worldwide, 2018); Northvolt from press search, company information; BCG Team analysis
15. Peluang Indonesia

Industri Otomotif akan tetap menjadi salah satu tulang

punggung pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia
Indonesia adalah negara dengan prospek
tinggi di bisnis otomotifs

Indonesia adalah pasar penjualan &

produksi otomotif terbesar di ASEAN 1.2 juta BRN 711

unit, terjual dan

MYS 439
• 1.2 Juta, doproduksi domestik
THA 228
• Diproyeksikan akan tumbuh hingga 2 juta
unit yang diproduksi pada tahun 2025 SGP 147

IDN 87 Kepemilikan mobil adalah yang

terkecil, dibandingkan dengan
Indonesia bisa menjadi hub regional industri PHL jumlah penduduk dan luas wilayah
38
negara (peluang besar untuk
Kendaraan Listrik di kawasan Asia Tenggara, jauh meningkatkan industri)
VNM 23
melebihi Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam
# 3.a

Road Map Industri Mobil Listrik

 16. Disrupsi ICE menjadi EV dan Rantai Pasok Komponen
EV akan mempengaruhi rantai nilai pasok otomotif dengan > 45% nilai komponen EV berasal dari komponen baru
Pemain Otomotif Terkemuka kemungkinan besar bisa kehilangan daya saingnya karena transformasi rantai pasokan EV ini

ICE platform Nilai komponen bergeser dari Pemasok "Klasik" EV platform

Component value per vehicle1

45%

71% vs
45%
29%
Internal 10% Battery
ICE BEV
Combustion Engine Electric Vehicle
~ 4,000 moving components ‘Classic’ supplier components; ~ 2,000 moving components
‘Classic’ OEM components
High complexity of powertrain (engine, Low complexity of powertrain
BEV components; (mainly ICE powertrain)
gearbox, clutch, etc.) (e-motor, battery pack,charger, etc.)

Indonesia memiliki peluang terbesar di ASEAN yang mampu mengembangkan Ekosistem Baterai EV & EV
1. Projection by 2030 (Merrill Lynch, BCG analysis)
Note: Example used for components: ICE—Skoda Fabia; BEV—VW E-Golf
Source: Merrill Lynch; Press releases; OEMs aftersales catalogs; BCG analysis
17. Komponen Penting Hilang dan Baru pada EV

Status in EV
Description Components Vehicle cost breakdown
(% of cost)
4W Molded Rubber Parts
100% 100%
Automotive Air Conditioner
Compressor 16% 15%

Paket baterai
4W Crankshaft keunggulan utama
35% manufaktur KBL di
Indonesia
4W Connecting Rod
84%
Electric motor
Car Battery & power electronics
50% Battery pack
Status in EV ICE powertrain
Description Components Costs unrelated
to powertrain
2W Tray Fuel Cushion Seat ICE EV

2W Screen Oil Filter Source: BCG - The Future of Battery Production for Electric Vehicles

2w Hose Fuel, Air and Water,

Radiator • Baterai akan menjadi komponen paling
berharga dalam KBL, mewakili k.l 30 sd
2W Sprocket & Tensioner Cam 35% dari biaya produksi.
Chain, Roller Cam Tensioner,
Push Rod
• Merupakan Keunggulan Kompetitip
Motorcycle Battery Indonesia bila memiliki pabrik Baterai
18. Thailand Versus Indonesia di EV
ICE vs BEV Components
IGN
100 AT ION
90 COM GLOBAL MARKET SHARE BY SOURCE : OICA

% OF UNITS PRODUCED
80 BU STIO POWER TRAIN TECHNOLOGY
70 N ENG
INE RECHARGE ELECTRIC VEHICLE
60
50
Y
40
HYBRID LE BATTER VEHICLE
30 IC VEHIC ELECTR
IC
FUEL CELL
20 ELECTR VEHICLE
10 ELECTRIC
0 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VEHICLE BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE

TIER-1 INA THA TIER-1 INA THA

COMPONENTS / 2016 COY FACT COY FACT COMPONENTS / 2016 COY FACT COY FACT

BODY ASSEMBLY 11 13 17 23 BODY ASSEMBLY 11 13 17 23

EXTERIOR & INTERIOR 26 27 38 62 EXTERIOR & INTERIOR 26 27 38 62
ENGINE 9 13 17 28 ELECTRO MOTOR (1) (1) 0 0
TRANSMITION 2 3 15 23 BATTEREY (5) (5) 0 0
STEERING 2 3 17 29 INVERTER & CTRL SYSTEM (2) (2) 0 0
FRONT AXLE SUSPENSION 7 8 17 53 STEERING 7 8 17 53
REAR AXLE SUSPENSION 7 8 17 53 FRONT AXLE SUSPENSION 7 8 17 53
PROPELAR SHAFT 2 2 6 14 REAR AXLE SUSPENSION 7 8 17 53
BRAKE 7 12 17 23 BRAKE 7 12 17 23
AAF-TC1 / 2016
19. Proyeksi EV dan Baterai EV di Indonesia

Indonesia expected to be
Low Case2 Base Case1 SEA EV top 2 supplier for imported
29.3 demand EV in South East Asia
Annual demand for battery in Indonesia (Market share of 35%)
in GWh 3.3
ESS application in
19.9 1.8 ESS renewable co-location,
(Energy Storage
2.2 System) peak power provisions &
5.3 others
1.2

3.6 Est. 1.8 – 2.7 Mn EMC

EMC
(Electric Motor sold in 2035,
Cycle) equivalent to
11.9 penetration rate of
1.0 29%
1.2
6.5 19.0
2.1 Est. 0.3 - 0.6 Mn EV
0.6 12.9 cars sold in 2035,
1.1 Passenger
1.0 cars equivalent to
7.6 penetration rate of
2.4 0.1
1.3 0.1 3.7 29%
0.5 0.6 0.7
0.5 0.3 1.0
2025 2030 2035 2025 2030 2035
Penetration rate (exc.
3% 7% 19% 5% 15% 29% New capital city3)
1.Penetration rate of EV base case outside the capital city follows the global EV penetration. 2. Penetration rate of EV low case outside the capital city is 2-3 years behind the global
penetration 3. EV penetration in new capital city will reach 100% in 4 years starting from 2026 to 2029. ESS use case incl. renewables co-location with additional use case in 2025 base case
of peak power provisions Source: IHS Markit, BCG Team Analysis
20
20. Road Map Pengembangan Industri Mobil Listrik
• 20% sales NEV
China • 70% EV
• 100 K Sales FCEV
• 100 K FCEV
Korea • 1,13 Mio BEV
• 200 K FCEV
Belgium • 20% ZEV
Pemerintah
menetapkan upaya Dikeluarkan PP • 15 K FCEV HDV
Belanda • 50% Taxi ZEV 2025
percepatan program No 73 insentif
• 100% sales ZEV HDV
KBL melalui Perpres No perpajakan EV
55/2019

20 %
2019
EV

2017 2021 ?
2025
Dikeluarkan SK
Dikeluarkan SK
Pemerintah Menperind No.
Menperind No.
mentargetkan tahun 27/2021 ttg
28/2021 ttg
2025 20% dari populasi Road Map dan
CBU dan CKD
adalah LCEV – termasuk TKDN
EV
 06.Catatan
21. INDONESIA CHALLENGES
EV Indonesia EV DEVELOPMENT
Indonesia LCEV Program

▪ Indonesia submitted the commitment at COP21 to reduce 29% CO2 emission w/o international support, and reduce 41% CO2 emission
with international support until 2030
▪ Indonesia will increase
Sumber : Kukuh the renewable
Kumara, Sekjend Gaikindo, BASFenergy
Electricalusage to 23%17until
Vehicle Webinar, 2025 2020, Kementerian Perindustyrian
Desember
▪ Transport Sector is one of key sector need to reduce it’s CO2 emission through measures which are suitable with Indonesian condition
 22. Beberapa Peraturan Pendukung yang Sudah Diterbitkan
Permenhub 45 Tahun 2020
Tentang Kendaraan Tertentu
Perpres 55 Tahun 2019 PP 73 Tahun 2019 dengan Menggunakan
Tentang Percepatan KBLBB Tentang PPnBM Penggerak Motor Listrik

Permendagri 8 Tahun 2020 PermenESDM 13 Tahun 2020

Tentang Penyediaan Infrastruktur
Tentang Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor
Pengisian Listrik
Dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan
Bermotor Tahun 2020

Permenperin 27 Tahun 2020

Tentang Roadmap dan TKDN KBLBB

Permenperin 28 Tahun 2020

Tentang KBLBB CBU dan CKD
23. Penerapan PPn-BM Baru (PP 73/2019) 04. INDONESIA TAXATION POLICY
HARMONIZATION OF MOT

Fuel Cons. (Km/l) E/G Volume (cc)

Category CO2 (g/km) Electric
Gasoline Diesel < 1.5 1.5 - 3.0 >3000 Motor
> 15,5 > 17,5 < 150 15% 40%
Passenger Vehicle

11,5 - 15,5 13 - 17,5 150 - 200 20% 50%

< 10 Person
9,3 - 11,5 10,5 - 13 200 - 250 25% 60%
15%
< 9,3 < 10,5 > 250 40% 70%
10 - 15 > 11,6 > 13,1 < 200 15% 25%
Person 11,6 > 13,1 > ≥ 200 20% 30%
> 15,5 > 17,5 < 150 10% 20%
Vehicle
Comm

Double
11,6 - 15,5 13,1 - 17,5 150 - 200 12% 25% 10%
Cabin
< 11,6 < 13,1 > 200 15% 30%
KBH2 > 20 > 21,8 120 3%
Hybrid > 23 > 26 < 100 2%
> 23 > 26 < 100 2% 20%
Full Hybrid 18,4 -23 20 - 26 100 - 125 5% 25%
15,5 - 18,4 17,5 - 20 125 - 150 8% 30% Sumber : Kukuh Kumara, Sekjend Gaikindo, BASF Electrical Vehicle Webinar,
Program

17 Desember 2020
> 23 > 26 < 100 8% 20%
Mild Hybrid 18,4 -23 20 - 26 100 - 125 10% 25%
15,5 - 18,4 17,5 - 20 125 - 150 12% 30%
Flexy Engine (E100 / B100) 8%
PHEV, BEV,
> 28 > 28 < 100 0%
FCEV
 Battery pack
The aluminium sheet-based 90-kWh battery
enclosure for EVs.
(Images: Novelis)

# 3.b

15 Road Map Industri Baterai EV

Ferry Sandi , CNBC Indonesia, 6 Mei 2021

24. Bentuk Ukuran dan Berat Baterai EV
The aluminium sheet-based 90-kWh battery
enclosure for EVs.
(Images: Novelis)

Untuk Kendaraan Roda-4, Desain Baterai ditentukan oleh Pabrikan

Baterai dan OEM, tidak ada baterai yang identik untuk setiap OEM

Body Repair Tech Note: Disconnecting 12V and High Voltage Power

Tesla Model 3
1st Generation Dual Motor High Voltage Components
Nissan Leaf BMW i3 Toyota Prius

15

Chevy Bolts’ battery pack - 439kg (906lb)

Updated: 19JAN17 8
For feedback on the accuracy of this document, email collision-techinfo@teslamotors.com

Aluminium
content ~ 70kg
Cylinder Cells Pouch Cells Prismatic Cells Prismatic Cylinder

16
 25. Indonesia Pemasok Material Utama Katoda Baterai EV Dunia

Upcoming Indonesia HPAL Project Capacity Scenario I: Aggressive (Ministry of Industry)

(Kt Ni )
Description 2020 2025 2030 2035
300000
Demand
250000
Demand (Domestic) 10,4 GWh 15,9 GWh 40,8 GWh 62,4 GWh
200000
Supply
150000
Supply (NMC622) 0 184,4 GWh 192 GWh 192 GWh
100000
Supply (NMC811) 0 138,3 GWh 143 GWh 143 GWh
50000
Balance
0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 Balance (NMC 622) (10,4 GWh) 168,5 GWh 151,2 GWh 151,2 GWh
Balance (NMC 811) (10,4 GWh) 122,5 GWh 102,2 GWh 102,2 GWh
Halmahera QMB Energy Huayou Vale Ceria

Battery Capacity Scenario II: Moderate (Internal Team)

Capacity Investme
No Company Name (GWh Equivalent) Location COD
(Nickel tpy) nt (USD)
NMC (622) (NMC 811) Description 2020 2025 2030 2035
Halmahera Persada 10,6
1 50.000 39,89 GWh 29,92 GWh Obi 27/4/2021 Demand
Lygend Billion
QMB New Energy 998
2
Material
50.000 39,89 GWh 29,92 GWh Morowali
Million
2021 Demand (Domestic) 0,16 GWh 2.4 GWh 12 GWh 29 GWh
1,28 Supply
3 Huayou 60.000 47,87 GWh 35,9 GWh Morowali 2021
Billion
PT Vale Indonesia MHP Supply (NMC622) 0 184,4 GWh 192 GWh 192 GWh
4 40,000 31,91 GWh 23,94 GWh Pomalaa 2,5 Billion 2023+
Tbk
MHP Supply (NMC811) 0 138,3 GWh 143 GWh 143 GWh
5 PT Ceria 40,000 31,91 GWh 23,94 GWh Pomalaa 2,5 Billion 2023+
Total 240.000 192 GWh 143 GWh Balance
Balance (NMC 622) (0,16 GWh) 182 GWh 180 GWh 163 GWh
Assumption
Balance (NMC 811) (0,16 GWh) 135,9 ,GWh 131 GWh 114 GWh
1. Ramp up period to nameplate capacity : 5 years
2. Nickel Consumption:
Source: Woodmac, BCG, Pertamina, 2019
a. NMC 622: 1.128 ton of Nickel per GWh
b. NMC 811: 1.504 ton of Nickel per GWh Oversupply 27
 26. Ambisi BUMN pada Industri Baterai EV di 2025

Pemain Global Material Hulu Baterai

Menjadi produsen nikel sulfat global dengan produksi tahunan 50 - 100 kTon
untuk melayani ekspor global dan permintaan lokal

Baterai keunggulan
utama manufaktur
Pemain Global Material Antara (Katoda) Baterai
EV di Indonesia
Memanfaatkan hulu untuk membangun rantai nilai tengah dan hilir yang
kuat, menjadi produsen prekursor & katoda global dengan output tahunan
120 - 240 kTon untuk diekspor dan digunakan secara lokal

Pemain Hilir Regional & Domestik di Baterai & xEV

Menjadi pemain regional untuk sel baterai dan pusat manufaktur xEV di Asia
Tenggar
 27. Indonesia Memiliki Cadangan Nikel Terbesar Dunia

Memiliki sekitar 30% produksi dunia hingga saat iniu

Cadangan Nikel (‘000 tonnes) Produksi Tambang 2018 (%)

21.000 Other 12%
19.000
4%
11.000 7%
7.600 8%
5.500
9%
4.800
3.700 New Caledonia 9%
2.800 Latin America 10%
2.700
1.800 14%
1.600
440
110 27%
Others 6.500

Source: Ministry of Industry; Wood Mackenzie, Indonesia MEMR; USGS

HANDBOOK ON BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Figure E.1: Lead-Acid Battery Schematic and Physical Structure
This cell is a widely applied type of secondary cell, used extensively in vehicles and other applications
requiring high values of load current. Its primary benefits are low capital costs, maturity of technology,
and efficient recycling.

Nickel–Metal Hybrid (Ni–MH) Battery

Figure E.1: Lead-Acid Battery Schematic and Physical Structure

28. Teknologi Baterai

One important performance element of energy storage devices is their life span, and this factor has the
biggest impact in reviewing economic efficiency. Another major consideration is eco-friendliness, or
the extent to which the devices are environmentally harmless and recyclable.
The nickel–metal hydride battery chemistry is a hybrid of the proven positive electrode chemistry of
the sealed nickel–cadmium battery with the energy storage features of metal alloys developed for BATTERY CHEMISTRY
advanced hydrogen energy storage concepts (Moltech Power Systems 20181)
71

Ni–MH batteries outperform other rechargeable batteries and have higher capacity and less voltage
Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.

depression.
Nickel–Cadmium (Ni–Cd) Battery
Lead Acid (PbA) Battery1) Vehivles
Nickel–Metal Hybrid (Ni–MH) Battery
Ni–MH batteries are currently finding widespread application in high-end portable electronic
Figure 1.4: Differentiating Characteristics of Different Battery Technologies Aproducts, where battery
nickel–cadmium performance
(Ni–Cd) battery is aparameters, notably
rechargeable batteryrun time,
used forare a major
portable consideration
computers, in the
drills,
camcorders, and other small battery-operated devices requiring an even power discharge.
The nickel–metal
purchase hydride battery chemistry is a hybrid of the proven positive electrode chemistry of
decision.
LifeSpan
Span the sealed nickel–cadmium battery with the energy storage features of metal alloys developed for
Energy density
Energy density Round
RoundTrip
Trip Life Figure E.2: Chemical and Physical Structures of Nickel-Cadmium Battery
Eco-friendliness
Eco-friendliness advanced
Source: hydrogen
Figure
Korea Battery E.3:energy
Industry storage
Chemical
Association andconcepts
2017 Physical
“Energy (Moltech
Structures
storage Power Systems
of Nickel-Metal
system technology 2018
and business
1
)
Hydride
model”. Battery
(kW/kg)
(kW/kg) Efficiency
Efficiency(%)
(%) (years)
(years)
Li-ion Ni–MH batteries outperform other rechargeable batteries and have higher capacity and less voltage
1st
1st 1st
1st 1st 1st
Eco-friendliness Nickel–Cadmium
depression. (Ni–Cd) Battery
(150–250)
150–250 95
95 (10–15)
10–15 Yes
Nickel Cadmium (Ni Cd)
ANi–MH
nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd)
batteries are battery
currently is a rechargeable
finding battery used
widespread application for portable
in high-end computers,
portable drills,
electronic Electronic equipments
NaS
camcorders, and other small battery-operated devices requiring an even power discharge.
products, where battery performance parameters, notably run time, are a major consideration in the Battery 1)
2nd
2nd 2nd
2nd 3rd
2nd 2nd
X
purchase decision.
Figure E.2: Chemical and Physical Structures of Nickel-Cadmium Battery
(125–150)
125–150 (75–85)
75–85 (10–15)
10–15 No Figure E.3: Chemical and Physical Structures of Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.
Flow
2nd
3rd 3rd
2nd 3rd
4th 4th 70
X Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.

60–80
(60–80) 70–75
(70–75) 5–10
(20–25) No
Ni-Cd Lithium-Ion Battery Nickel-Metal Hydrid (Ni- High End Portable
4th
4th 4th
4th 3rd
4th 3rd
X
40–60
(40–60) 60–80
(60–80) 10–15
(5–10) No
Lithium-ion batteries have the highest energy density and are safe. No memory or scheduled cycling is MH) Battery 1) Electronics
required to prolong battery life. Lithium-ion batteries are used in electronic devices such as cameras,
calculators, laptop computers, and mobile phones, and are increasingly being used for electric mobility.
Lead
Lead Acid
Acid
5th
5th 5th
5th 5th
5th 5th
X
ENERGY
72
STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES
APPENDIX E
5 IndustryE.4:
Source: Korea BatteryFigure Physical
Association and Chemical
2017 “Energy Structures
storage system of business
technology and Lithium-Ion
model”. Battery
30–50
(30–50) 60–70
(60–70) 3–6
(3–6) No Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.
70

Li-ion = lithium-ion, Na–S = sodium–sulfur, Ni–Cd = nickel–cadmium.

Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.
Lithium-Ion Battery
Sodium–Sulfur (Na–S) Battery
Lithium-ion
The batteries
sodium–sulfur have athe
battery, highest energy
liquid-metal density
battery, and are
is a type safe. No
of molten memory
metal or scheduled
battery cycling
constructed
sodium (Na) and sulfur (S). It exhibits high energy density, high efficiency of charge and discharge
fromis Lhitium Ion (Li-Ion) HIV, PHIV, BEV
required to prolong battery life. Lithium-ion batteries areinexpensive
used in electronic devices such as cameras,
(89%–92%), and a long cycle life, and is fabricated from materials.
calculators, laptop computers, and mobile phones, and are increasingly being used for electric mobility. BATTERY CHEMISTRY Battery 1) 73
Technological changes in batteries are progressing toward higher energy density (Figure 1.5). Next- However, because of its high operating temperatures of 300°C–350°C and the highly corrosive nature
Figure 1.5: Present and Future Battery Technologies
generation battery technologies—lithium-ion, zinc–air, lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, etc.—are expected of sodium polysulfides, such cells are primarily used for large-scale nonmobile applications such as
electricity grid energy
Figurestorage.
E.4: Physical and Chemical Structures of Lithium-Ion Battery
2

to improve on the energy density of lithium secondary (rechargeable) batteries, and be priced below
$50 per kilowatt
Energy (kW).
density (Wh/kg) Figure E.5: Chemical and Physical Structures of Sodium-Sulfur Battery (Walawalkar 2014)
Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.

Redox Flow Battery (RFB)

Energy
1,000storage device applications vary depending on the time needed to connect to the generator, 1
Source: M. P. systems, “NiMH Technology,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.tayloredge.com/.../Batteries/Ni-MH_Generic.pdf.
transmitter, and place of use of energy, and on energy use. Black start, a technology for restarting RFBs are charged and discharged by means of the oxidation–reduction reaction of ions of vanadium or
800
generators after blackouts without relying on the external power grid, is installed in the generating the like. They have excellent characteristics: a long service life with almost no degradation of electrodes Sodium Sulphur (Na-S) Large Scale Non Mobile
bus and supplies energy within 15–30 minutes. Power supply for maintaining frequency is provided and electrolytes, high safety because of their being free of combustible materials, and availability for
600
within a quarter-hour to an hour of system operation. Power supply for maintaining voltage level is
Today operation under normal temperatures.
Battery application
provided within a shorter operating interval. Grid storage needs are categorized in Figure 1.6 according
to network
400 function, power market, and duration of use. Table 1.1 compares the various battery Figure E.6: Schematic of Redox Flow Figure E.7: Physical Structure of Redox Flow
Source: D. R. Walawalkar, “Li-ion Battery Technology - IRENA,” [Online]. Available:www.irena.org/.../IRENA_walawalkar_status_

technologies according to discharge time and energy-to-power ratio. storage_final.pptx.

Battery (Walawalkar 2014) Battery (Fischer and Tuebke 2018)
200 Source: Korea Battery Industry Association 2017 “Energy storage system technology and business model”.

1
Source: M. P. systems, “NiMH Technology,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.tayloredge.com/.../Batteries/Ni-MH_Generic.pdf.
Pb-acid Ni-Cd Ni-MH Li-ion Future Zn-air Li-S Li-air
Li-ion
Price €/kWh
200 600 600 300 <150 <150 <150 <150

Available Under development R&D

Redox Flow Battery Free of combustion
Li–air = lithium–air, Li-ion = lithium ion, Li–S = lithium–sulfur, Ni–Cd = nickel–cadmium, Ni–MH = nickel–metal hydride, Pb–acid
(RFB) materals
= lead–acid, Zn–air = zinc–air.
Source: D. R. Walawalkar, “Li-ion Battery Technology Source: P. D. J. T. Dr. P. Fischer, “Redox Flow Batteries for stationary
Source: Second Life-Batteries as Flexible Storage for Renewables Energies, 2016 - IRENA,” [Online]. Available: www.irena.org/.../IRENA_ storage,” 29 1 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.steag.in/
walawalkar_status_storage_final.pptx. sites/default/files/Paper%20II%20-%20Redox%20Flow%20
2 Batteries%20for%20stationary%20storage%20applications.ppt%20
Advanced Thin Film Sodium Battery. China Energy Storage, en.escn.com.cn/Tools/download.ashx?id=131.
%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D.pdf.
Sumber : 1) Korea Battery Association 2017,
”Energy torage system technology and business model”
Figure 1.6: Grid Storage Needs along the Value Chain
With LiB demand for specific vehicle use cases increasing, we expect a
4 Cell chemistry and design
broader proliferation
29. Teknologi ofdan
Baterai cellPosisi
chemistries used,
Strategis esp. also LFP(1/2)
Indonesia/BUMN in cars
With LiB demand for specific vehicle use cases
LiB technology roadmap – Ni-based CAM (First serial application in vehicles)
increasing, we expect a
broader proliferation
Technology of cell Battery
Roadmap of Lithium-ion chemistries used, esp. also LFP in cars
Volumetric energy
Anode Electrolyte Cathode density1) [Wh/L]
>Ni-Rich technologies from 2021/2022
LiB technology
Li-Metal3) Solid Ni-rich
roadmap – Ni-based CAM (First serial application>LFP in vehicles)
for short range passenger cars,
"Anode-free" (Oxide)
>1000
Volumetric buses and trucks, also outside China
energy
Li-metal
Anode Solid Electrolyte density 1) [Wh/L]
>Ni-Rich technologies from 2021/2022
Ni-rich Cathode ? 800-1000 >NMx as "in-between" NCM and LFP
coated
Li-Metal
(Sulfate)
3) Solid Ni-rich technology, from>LFP cost for short
and energy range passenger cars,
Graphite/
"Anode-free" Liquid(Oxide)Ni-Rich: NCM910,
NCMA 700--900 density
>1000
perspective buses and trucks, also outside China
Silicon4) NCM90-5-5, NCMA
Li-metal
>Cell-to-Pack-/>NMx as "in-between" NCM and LFP
Solid Ni-rich ? 800-1000
coated (Sulfate) NCM811 600-700 Cell-to-Chassis
Graphite/ Liquid technologies to technology,
in-crease energy from cost and energy
Advanced Ni-Rich:
NCA NCM910,
Silicon4) (<3.4% Co) NCM90-5-5, NCMA
NCMA 700-800 700--900
density on system density
level perspective
NCM622
NCM811
350-500 600-700
>Solid state: Introduction >Cell-to-Pack- of oxide / Cell-to-Chassis
and
Advanced NCA sulfate-based, technologies
anode-free and with Li- to in-crease energy
700-800
NCA (<3.4% Co) 600-700
metal-coated anodes, densityfirst onvehicles
system level
Tren penggunaan Baterai NMC saat ini terus meningkat
Graphite Liquid
membutuhkan NCM111NCM622Nickel dan Cobalt yang sangat besar 220-250 350-500
expected >Solid state: Introduction of oxide and
(or "Solid" - sulfate-based, anode-free and with Li-
Polymer) NCA 2015 2020 2025 2030 >Hi-Si anodes even
600-700 before
metal-coated
Proyeksi Kebutuhan anodes, first vehicles
Material Baterai
Graphite Liquid
1) Stacked electrodes 2) First prototypes 3) Foil or deposited 4) Typically blends of different cathode chemistries a nd specifically adapted anode chemistries. With major change
220-250 of cathode material usually graphite is used first only
NCM111
(Cathode and anode are typically not changed at the same time). Additional increase of energy density requires Si-additives on anode side (up to 20%) expected 2015-2030
(or "Solid" -
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger "Total Battery Cost and Price Model"
Polymer)
Source: Roland Berger, 2020
2015 2020 2025 2030 >Hi-Si anodes even
21-01-25_LiB_cluster_references_RolandBerger_vff.pptx
before
13

1) Stacked electrodes 2) First prototypes 3) Foil or deposited 4) Typically blends of different cathode chemistries a nd specifically adapted anode chemistries. With major change of cathode material usually graphite is used first only
(Cathode and anode are typically not changed at the same time). Additional increase of energy density requires Si-additives on anode side (up to 20%)
31
Source: Expert interviews; Roland Berger "Total Battery Cost and Price Model" 21-01-25_LiB_cluster_references_RolandBerger_vff.pptx 13
30. Posisi Strategis Indonesia/BUMN dalam Industri Baterai Global

Total Resource and Reserve (Mt ore)

13,500
Indonesia
Indonesia according to MEMR;
likely includes a
Canada
significant portion of low
6,500 grade deposits vs. Wood
Mackenzie assessment
6,000

5,500
5,000

4,500
4,000
3,500
Russian Federation
3,000

2,500 South Africa Australia

•Cadangan nikel terbesar dunia 2,000
Finland
according to
Wood Mackenzie
1,500
dimiliki Indonesia. Indonesia
1,000 Cuba
Papua New Guinea New Caledonia
USA Sweden Colombia Philippines
500 Zambia China Brazil
•Juga memiliki material baterai 0
Zimbabwe Madagascar Greece Dominican Republic Tanzania Guatemala

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3
penting lainnya seperti:
% Ni in Ore
Aluminium, Tembaga, Mangan

scale
5Mt nickel

dan Cobalt Source: Wood Mackenzie, Indonesia MEMR

Cadangan Bahan Baku Batere

Source: USGS, ESDM

#6 #5 #1 #6 #?

1.2 billion ton 51 million ton 21 million ton 43 million ton .... million ton
32
31. Rencana Pengembangan Industri EV Battery BUMN 2025 (berdasar Bench Mark)

Penggunaan 2024 2030

Baterai (Rendah – Tinggi) (Rendah – Tinggi)

Smelting / 0.5-1.2 2.1-3.3

Tambang nikel Precursor, katoda Battery cell BESS + R2 GWh p.a. GWh p.a.
refinery nikel

6 Jt ton limonit HPAL 50k ton Ni 360K ton p.a. 30 GWh di 2024
9 Jt ton saprolit2 (ek. 65 GWh) katoda mulai 2024 140 GWh di 2030 R4 EV 0.3-0.7 3.7-7.6
(ek. 195 GWh) RKEF+POX 100k ton Ni (195 GWh e.g.,) ekspor GWh p.a. GWh p.a.
(ek.130 GWh) Domestic
katoda
305K ton di 2024-2029
100K ton di 2030
precursor/katoda Ekspor 9.2-8.0 23-137
(eq. 55-165 GWh) cell GWh p.a. GWh p.a.

Komponen baterai lainnya

Bahan baku pendukung precursor and cathode (anode, electrolyte, separator)
(Cobalt, Manganese, Lithium, etc.)
1-2
Ekspor EV –
GWh p.a.

10 GWh 30-140 GWh

Pada tahun 2030, Indonesia menjadi Pemain Global EV Battery dengan kapasitas produksi EV Battery cell mencapai 140 GWh

Note: GWh equivalent assume NMC 811 (LG Chem assumption) - based on ~750 ton Nickel /GWh (NMC 811)
1. Assuming Nickel produced in country but not consumed for precursor & cathode at the later stage gets exported. 2. Assuming cathode produced in country
but not consumer for battery manufacturing at the later stage gets exported
Source: Laporan Kemajuan Pekerjaan Tim EV Battery BUMN (2 Mar & 6 April 2020), BCG analysis
32. Potensi BUMN Menunjang Pengembangan Industri Kendaraan Listrik Nasional
Rantai Pasokan Industri Kendaraan Listrik

Abundant Limited Available N/A

Electricity
Supply

6
National Resources

Nickel Aluminium Cobalt Manganese Lithium

Sulphate Sulphate Sulphate Sulphate Carbonate EV Market Battery
Charging
Station
5
Lithium Cathode
Global Warming Material
Battery Pack

JVCo National
Private with
Foreign or SOE
Mining – HPAL – Cathode Energy 7
EV Battery Cell
Nickel & Cobalt Battery Storage
& Pack
Sulphate Precursor System
1 2 3 4 Remote Area Electrification

BUMN dapat menunjang pengembangan IKLN melalui pengembangan industri baterai dari hulu s/d hilir

Driver 34
SOE’s Business Opportunities
 33. Pemilihan Mitra Strategis untuk E2E Value Chain

MHP Battery Chemical and Cells Battery Cell, Battery xEVs, Electricity Supply, ESS
Nickel Ore Recycling
Ni,Co Sulphate Component Modules, and Packs and Infrastructures

Nickel ore Nickel & Cobalt Battery Precursor Cathode Battery Cell &Pack Electric ESS Charging Battery Recycling
Sulphate Vehicles Station

New Energy
Upstream to Cathode Battery Manufacturing xEV Recycling
Infra

SOE consortium

Potential partner

Consortium partner

Note: xEV includes various type of electric vehicle including HEV(Hybrid Electric Vehicle), BEV(Battery Electric Vehicle), PHEV(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
 34. Pemilihan Calon Mitra
Hasil dari due diligence mengerucut pada 6 Mitra Potential

11 pemain dunia1 berdasarkan … dipilih berdasarkan selection kriteria yang … untuk menentukan prioritas
kapasitas produksi … telah ditentukan … partner potensial
1 307
40 267
Wave 1
2 50 187 237

3 46 89 135

4 40 72 112 Potential partners dapat dihubungi melalui

OEM, e.g. Toyota, SAIC, etc.
5 30 64 94
Wave 2
6 12 67 79 Reputasi dan
hubungan baik
7 35 42 77 dengan OEM
Kekuatan finansial
dan investasi di
8 2 71 72
industri EV
Rekam jejak global
9 0 64 64 dan rencana ekspansi
Deprioritized
39 62
10 23
Current
11 8 47 54 Est incr. 2028

1. Top 10 from Statista report (Lithium-ion batteries worldwide, 2018); Northvolt from press search, company information; BCG Team analysis
35. Road Map Pengembangan Ekosistem Baterai EV Terintegrasi BUMN

• Penggunaan Energy Storage System

• Pembangunan SPKLU dan SPBKLU
di seluruh Indonesia (saat ini sudah
ada 32 titik SPKLU pada 22 lokasi,
dan Pilot Project 33 SPBKLU) Pabrik cell to pack
• Industri Baterai Indonesia berdiri mulai beroperasi

2020 2022 2024 2026

2021 2023 2025 2027

Seleksi Calon OEM mulai Pabrik HPAL Ibu Kota Baru,
Mitra dalam memproduksi (refining) mulai dengan target
Pengembangan EV di Indonesia beroperasi 100% adopsi EV
Investasi EV
Battery dan ESS
Pabrik Precursor
and cathode mulai
beroperasi
 #4

Peran Bagi Para Entepreuner

 For material cost the price per unit of each material is highly variable based on 3 key factors – scale, quality,
and relationship/reputation.
36. Komponen Baterai EV (1)

Arthur D Little

This results in three cost bands – High, Moderate, and Best practice for each material required. Typically, cell
 36. Komponen Baterai EV (2) : Contoh CATL’s battery value chains

Metals Components Battery Recycling

Mining & Refining Cathode Anode Separator Electrolyte Cell Module Pack Recycling

Pibara Minerals JV: CATL-Brunp Putailai (Zichen) SEMCORP Guotai Huarong Brunp

North American Lithium Dynanonic BTR SENIOR Tinci Materials

JV: TsingShan-GEM-Brunp XTC Shanshan Sinoma Capchem

Glencore GEM Changyuan LICO Dongguan Kaijin Putailai (AET)

Zhenhua E-chem Cangzhou Mingzhu

Source: BloombergNEF. Note: CATL’s subsidiaries and joint ventures are marked with purple colors. Only lists major suppliers for each key component.
 #5

Manfaat Industri Baterai dan Bahan Baku

Utamanya secara Nasional
 37. Kontribusi Nilai Tambah serta Investasi (BUMN)

Upstream

Produsen global untuk Nickel Pemain global untuk Pemain regional untuk
Sulphate precursor & cathode battery (EV / ESS) dan BEV
Kontribusi
Nilai tambah $3.6 $5.7 >$16.4
thd PDB 2025- Bn Bn Bn
20301 (per-
tahun)
670-1100
5x
$3.6 Bn

Peningkatan (USD ‘000) 110-190 130-220

Nllai Tambah 90-150
~10 ~14 25-30 45-55
(per ton Ni) 1.1-1.7
MHP NiSO4 Precursor Cathode Cell Module Pack EV
6-10x ~1.4x ~2x ~2x 2-3x ~1.3x ~1.2x ~5x
Jumlah 30-40x 90-160x 470-780x
Investasi
ekosistem EV USD 13,4 – 17,4 Miliar (Rp 67 triliun – 87 triliun)
Battery
Investasi Ekosistem Industri EV Battery Nasional Sangat Besar
Sumber: Antam, Tim Teknis, BCG analysis
 38. Indonesia Bisa Sebagai Hub untuk ASEAN Mengisi Demand 340k units p.a. di 2030

# Proyeksi penjualan kendaraan xEV (dalam '000)

XX% % of xEV in local 4W

xEV total sales 49

11
xEV import sales
2025 2030
2% 8%
331 ASEAN EV
import sales
112
136
33

2025 2030 73
19
2025 2030 5% 14%

13% 26% 2025 2030

0% 6%
159
65

2025 2030
10% 23%

Indonesia
as ASEAN 225
EV Hub
64

2025 2030
Source: IHS markit, Indonesia Battery Masterplan, BCG analysis 8% 16%
#6

Tantangan-Tantangan yang Dihadapi

39. Indonesia Belum Progresif Sebuah Tantangan

Countries: Policy Measures

Denmark, Iceland, • No ICE Sales

Aggressive Ireland, by 2025-2030
Netherlands, • 100% Sales Electric Vehicles Zero-Emission
Norway, Sweden, EV ZEV/LDV (EV) Vehicles (ZEV)
Israel by 2025-2030

Countries: Policy Measures

Hybrid EV Plugin Hybrid Battery EV Fuel Cell EV
China, Japan, Malaysia, • >50% BEV by 2030
Moderate Korea, Pakistan, Belgium, • 100% EV LDV/FCEV (HEV) EV (PHEV) (BEV) (FCEV)
Finland, France, Germany, by 2030-2035
Poland, UK, Colombia, New • 100% ZEV Public
Zealand Transport by 2030
Heavy-Duty
2W/3W Light-duty
Policy Measures Vehicles
Countries: Vehicles Vehicles (LDV) (HDV)
• >30% EV by 2030-2035
India, Singapore, Sri Lanka,
• No ICE Sales by >2040
Thailand, Indonesia, Greece,
Base • 100% ZEV LDV by
Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia,
>2040 EV Terminology
Spain, Canada, USA, Costa
• 100% ZEV Public
Rica, Chile
Transport by 2030

source: International Energy Agency, 2021

40. Perbandingan terhadap EV Policy Beberapa Negara

2025 2030 2035 2040

• 20% sales NEV
• 100% EV
China • 70% EV
• 1 Mio FCEV
• 100 th Sales FCEV
India • 30% sales EV LDV
Indonesia • 20% LCEV & EMC • 25% LCEV & EMC • 30% LCEV & EMC
• 20-30% BEV &PHEV
• 100% LDV
Japan • 30-40% HEV
• 1.200 FCEV HDV
• 3% FCEV
• 100 th FCEV • 6,2 Mio FCEV
Korea • 1,13 BEV • 80 th taxi FCEV
• 200 th FCEV • 70 th FCEV HDV
• 100%
EV/CNG/LPG/Biofuel
Malaysia
private transport
• 40% Public tranpsort

• 50% 2W/3W EV • 90% 2W/3W EV

• 30% LDV • 90% LDV
Pakistan
• 50% sales bus HDV • 90% sales Bus HDV
• 30% sales truck HDV • 90% sales Truck HDV

source: International Energy Agency, 2021

 This report aims to summarize key conclusions of the main tasks of the study. A more detailed version has been
submitted in PPT format.
41. Tantangan bagi Pertamina

There are 4 key drivers for Pertamina to enter the battery business, namely:
42 . Tantangan bagi Para Insinyur ISU STRATEGIS
Pokok-pokon Ketentuan Perpres

Era Kendaraan Bermotor

Era Kendaraan
Listrik
Bermotor Listrik:
DISRUPTIF
DISRUPTIF OTOMOTIF
OTOMOTIF
Kesempatan
Kesempatan : untuk
• Berkembangnya Industri
• Berkembangnya
Otomotif Dalam Negeri
• Industri Otomotif
Harapan akan MEREK
NASIONAL
Dalam Negeri
• Harapan akan
• MEREK NASIONAL
Persyaratan TKDN dapat
dicapai
• Industri KBL dan
pendukungnya harus
tersedia dan mendukung

Perpres no.55 th 2019 tentang Percepatan Program Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Berbasis Baterai
Sumber : Prof. Dr-Eng. Eniya Listiani Dewi, B.Eng, M.Eng, BPPT, 20 Mei 2020
untuk Transportasi Jalan
• Persyaratan TKDN perlu diverifikasi dan diyakini dapat tercapai
• Industri KBL dan industri pendukung KBL harus dipastikan tersedia dan siap mendukung terbangunnya Industri
Dalam Negeri 4
TERIMAKASIH