UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA,

81310 UTM JOHOR BAHRU, JOHOR MALAYSIA.

LAB REPORT 6:
TRANSFORMER

SHPE 1332-01 ASAS TEKNOLOGI ELEKTRONIK

(BASIC TECHNOLOGY ELECTRONIC)

NO. NAME MATRIX NO.

1. SITI NURAINA BINTI MOHD AZHARI A22HP0226

2. NURAIN ZHAHIRAH BINTI MOHD ZULKEPLI A22HP0175

LECTURER:

DR HANIFAH BINTI JAMBARI

CLASS:

1 SHPEH

DATE:

3RD MAY OF 2023

SHPE 1332-ASAS TEKNOLOGI ELEKTRONIK
MARKAH LAPORAN SHPE1332- COMMUNICATION SKILLS (30%)

KRITERIA PENILAIAN SKOR MARKAH

KANDUNGAN LAPORAN
1. Pengenalan
• Pengenalan kepada amali serta ujikaji yang dilaksanakan 1 2 3 4 5
2. Objektif
• Menyenaraikan objektif yang ingin dicapai selepas amali dilaksanakan 1 2 3 4 5

3. Keselamatan Bengkel / Langkah keselamatan

• Menerangkan prosedur keselamatn bengkel dan langkah-langkah keselamatan yang 2 4 6 8 10
perlu dilaksanakan. berkaitan dengan amali yang dilaksanakan
PENILAIAN LAPORAN SHPE1332

4. Alatan tangan dan kegunaannya

• Menerangkan dan menggunakan alatan tangan yang betul dan sesuai beserta gambar 2 4 6 8 10
serta maklumat yang berkaitan
5. Langkah-langkah kerja
• Menerangkan dan mengaplikasikan Prosedur/Kaedah perlaksanaan amali dengan betul dan 2 4 6 8 10
jelas .
6. Hasil kerja
Pelajar dapat menyatakan dapatan ujikaji/amali dimana:
• Dapatan amali keseluruhan perlulah bersertakan maklumat seperti litar
amali, komponen, dan lain-lain yang bersesuaian dengan ujikaji
• Dapatan amali keseluruhan adalah lengkap dan dapat menyelesaikan 8 16 24 32 40
persoalan yang dinyatakan dalam helian kerja.
• Dapatan amali adalah lengkap di dalam jadual dan pengiraan ataugraf
atau gambarajah,

7. Perbincangan
Membuat perbicngan terhadap amali yang dilaksanakan dengan 2 4 6 8 10
menghubungkaitkan antara teori dan praktikal
8. Kesimpulan
• Membuat rangkuman amali yang diperolehi 1 2 3 4 5

9. Lampiran/Rujukan
• Menyenaraikan serta menyertakan rujukan yang berkaitan dan 1 2 3 4 5
bersesuaian dengan amali yang dilaksanakan

JUMLAH MARKAH
100
KOMEN/CATATAN :

NAMA DAN TANDATANGAN PENSYARAH : TARIKH :

INTRODUCTION
The transformer is a fundamental device in electrical circuits that uses electromagnetic induction
to transmit electrical energy between circuits. Its major function is to vary the voltage of an
alternating current (AC) power supply based on the number of turns in the primary and secondary
coils. The goal of this lab experiment is to put the transformer through its paces by measuring
resistance levels across the primary and secondary coils with a multimeter. In addition, we will
measure the supply voltage and signal magnitude to better understand the transformer's behavior.

The transformer circuit will be set up in the lab experiment along with a signal generator, power
source, and multimeter to gauge resistance, supply voltage, and signal strength. The voltage across
the primary and secondary coils will be measured with a multimeter to start the experiment and
test the transformer resistance values. Next, we will use a power supply and a signal generator to
measure the supply voltage and signal strength. To ascertain the transformer's performance
qualities, including its efficiency and power transfer, the measured data will be recorded and
analyzed.

This lab report is aiming to provide a hands-on learning experience on the testing and measurement
of a step-down transformer, which is a critical component in many electrical systems. By having
a sufficient understanding regarding the behavior of the transformer through measuring its
resistance, supply voltage and signal magnitude, we can gain essentials insights into its
performance characteristics and better appreciate its importance in practical applications.

OBJECTIVES

1. To test the transformer by measuring resistance value across primary and secondary with
multimeter.
2. To measure supply voltage.
3. To measure signal magnitude.

WORKSHOP SAFETY / SAFETY PRECAUTION

1. Make sure to wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety
shoes.
2. Make sure to handle the tools with care, keep them sharp and in good condition, and store
them in a safe and organized manner when not in use.
3. Avoid using electrical equipment that is damaged or faulty. Use only properly grounded
equipment, and avoid using extension cords as a permanent solution.
4. Keep the workshop clean and organized to prevent tripping hazards and to ensure that tools
and materials are easily accessible.
5. Do not play around the lab and be serious during the practical.
6. Clean tools and keep in trays or boxes when not in use.
7. Use equipment correctly according to Safe Operating Procedures that is already set.
TOOL DESCRIPTION
TOOLS
OCSILLOSCOPE G0S-6200
TRANSFORMER : 230V : 12V, 0V, 12V
BANANA TO ALLIGATOR CABLE
ANALOGUE MULTIMETER
FUNCTION
Oscilloscopes (or scopes) test and display
voltage signals as waveforms, visual
representations of the variation of voltage over
time. The signals are plotted on a graph, which
shows how the signal changes. The vertical (Y)
access represents the voltage measurement and
the horizontal (X) axis represents time.
A step-down transformer is a type of electrical
transformer that is designed to reduce the
voltage of an alternating current (AC) power
supply. The primary function of a step-down
transformer is to step down the voltage from a
high level to a lower level, so that it can be
used safely by electrical devices and
equipment.
The function of a banana to alligator coax
adapter is to allow the connection of a device
with a banana jack to a device with an alligator
clip. For example, this type of adapter can be
used to connect an oscilloscope probe with a
banana plug to a circuit board with an alligator
clip. The banana to alligator coax adapter is
typically a short cable with a banana plug on
one end and an alligator clip on the other end.
An electronic measuring instrument that combines
several measurement functions in one unit. A
typical multimeter may include features such as the
ability to measure voltage, current and resistance.
Also, to use the analog multimeter, we first need to
select the appropriate measurement range using a
selector switch. This ensures that the meter can
accurately measure the expected range of values.
PROCEDURES
PROCEDURES TO USE OSCILLOSCOPE

1) The oscilloscope was made sure to be calibrated using the provided probe with the X1
socket on the probe and touch it to ground clip.
2) The channel that was to be used was selected and the probe was connected to the circuit
which was to be tested.
3) The volt/div and time/div were adjusted until the wave signal shape can be read easily.
4) The tool manual was referred to, for more clear and detailed information
If there are problems when using it, you can ask for help from the laboratory staff.
 Figure 1

1. The primary part (AB) and the secondary part (XY and YZ) of the transformer were
recognized.
2. The resistance value at primary part and the secondary part were measured using
multimeter in range x10 and the measurement was recorded in Table 1.
3. The primary part was connected to 230V supply voltage. The AC voltage at the secondary
part was measured using multimeter in range of 50V. The measurement was recorded into
Table 2.
4. The signal shape was observed and the signal amplitude at the secondary part (XY and YZ)
was measured. The signal was sketched completely on Table 2. The phase difference
between the signals was observed.
5. The value of Vrms were calculated and recorded in Table 2.
RESULT

Resistance Value
No Source
(Ω)
1 Primary : Point AB 650

2 Secondary : Point XY 3

3 Secondary : Point YZ 3

TABLE 1

AC
Voltage Vrms
No Source Signal Shape Voltage
P/P (V) (V)
(V)

Point
1 4.4 14 1.56
XY

Point
2 4.4 14 1.56
YZ

TABLE 2
CALCULATION
1
Vrms = × Vp (peak voltage)
√2

1
Point XY: × 2.2 = 1.56
√2

1
Point YZ: × 2.2 = 1.56
√2

DISCUSSION

The purpose of this laboratory test was to assess a transformer's behaviour by measuring the
resistance across its primary and secondary coils with a multimeter. We also examined the supply
voltage and signal strength to have a better understanding of the transformer's performance
characteristics.
The results obtained from the lab experiment showed that the resistance values of the transformer
were consistent with the expected values. The primary coil had a resistance value of 650 Ω, while
the secondary coil had a resistance value of 3 Ω at both points XY and YZ.
Furthermore, we measured the signal magnitude using oscilloscope, and the results are
summarized in Table 1. The table shows that the signal shape of the transformer was consistent,
with the same peak-to-peak voltage of 4.4 V for both measurements. The AC voltage and Vrms
were also identical for both measurements, with a value of 14 V and 1.56 Vrms respectively.
These results demonstrate that the transformer was able to step down the voltage effectively, with
a voltage reduction from 14 V to 1.56 Vrms . This is an essential characteristic of a transformer, as
it allows for the safe and efficient transmission of electrical power in different electrical systems
To avoid damaging the metre or obtaining error in measurements, it is critical to use the correct
range on the analogue multimeter. This could explain why there is a little difference in the results
when compared to the theoretical value. One of the explanations could be parallax mistake. To
avoid errors in recording findings, make sure the metre is parallel to our eyes level when collecting
measures. Furthermore, when measuring voltage, set the multimeter to a range higher than the
expected voltage to avoid overloading the metre. Other than that, to ensure the reliability of the
results obtained from an oscilloscope, it is essential to use it properly and follow the manufacturer's
instructions for calibration and use. It is also important to check the oscilloscope's settings and
ensure that it is properly grounded and that the probes are properly connected. Regular calibration
of the oscilloscope is also essential to ensure that it is providing accurate and consistent readings
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the purpose of the lab experiment was to evaluate the functioning of a transformer
by determining the resistance values across the primary and secondary coils, as well as the strength
of the signal and the supply voltage. The acquired findings showed that the transformer was
working properly because the resistance values and signal strength fell within the normal range.
The experiment also emphasised the significance of correctly operating an oscilloscope and
assuring its dependability in order to get precise and reliable readings. When evaluating the data,
it is important to take into account variables like noise, grounding, and probe impedance that may
alter the accuracy of the measurements.
Overall, the results of this experiment provide useful insights into the behavior of transformers and
their importance in various electrical systems. The results can also be used to improve the
transformer's performance in real-world applications. When doing lab experiments, it is critical to
follow adequate procedures and safety measures to ensure the accuracy and dependability of the
data acquired.
Finally, the lab experiment provided an excellent understanding of the transformer's behavior as
well as the significance of using an oscilloscope correctly. The findings can be utilized to improve
transformer performance in a variety of electrical systems and contribute to a better understanding
of electrical engineering fundamentals.

REFLECTION
The lab experiment described in the report highlights the significance of conducting experiments
to understand the behavior transformers by measuring its resistance and voltage supply, and
observe the wave signal produced on oscilloscope. The experiment provided an opportunity to
measure and analyze the performance of the transformer, which is essential for understanding its
behavior in different practical applications.
When working with electrical circuits in the future, we will be more conscious of the significance
of precise and accurate measurement techniques. We will also focus on the sources of inaccuracy
and take methods to reduce them in order to achieve reliable measurements.
Overall, this lab provided us with valuable hands-on experience in using analogue oscilloscope to
observe the sinusoidal wave signal. It helped us develop a deeper understanding of the wave signal
produced and the alternating current supply from the transformer.
ATTACHMENT