Paraphrasing Technique

When write a paraphrase, restate other’s ideas in your own words. That is, write the
meaning of the author’s ideas. Use some of the author’s key terms, but use many of own words
and sentence structures. Include in-text citation, including the author’s last name and (for APA
American Psychological Association (APA)
style) the year of publication.
style merupakan gaya atau model pengutipan dan perujukan
(citation style atau referencing style) dalam penulisan ilmiah
yang dikembangkan oleh American Psychological Association
(APA). APA menerbitkan secara resmi style ini pertama kalinya
pada 1929. An effective paraphrase includes more than one of the following techniques.
Paraphrasing is an alternative to quoting (copying someone’s exact words and putting them in
quotation marks). In academic writing, it’s usually better to integrate sources by paraphrasing.
1. CHANGE FROM A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE
C: Sekelompok kata yang mencakup subjek dan kata kerja untuk membentuk kalimat sederhana
atau hanya bagian dari kalimat:
P: Sekelompok kata yang mengekspresikan ide atau makna tertentu:
C: Sekelompok kata dengan subjek dan kata kerja.
misalnya. Saya membeli sepatu baru kemarin.
Frasa:
Konstituen kalimat yang dapat digantikan dengan satu kata.
new shoes (a noun phrase),
very beautiful (adjective phrase)
extremely well (adverb phrase)
indicating (a verb phrase).
sepatu baru (frasa kata benda),
sangat indah (frasa kata sifat)
sangat baik (frasa kata keterangan)
menunjukkan (frasa kata kerja).

 After He studied, John took a nap (clause)

After Studying, John took a nap (phrase)
Setelah dia belajar, John tidur siang (klausa)
Setelah belajar, John tidur siang (frasa)
 The House across the street is new (phrase)
 The house that is across the street is new (clause)
2. CHANGE FROM QUOTED SPEECH (DIRECT) TO INDIRECT SPEECH

 Direct: Mr Lee said, “I am ready for lunch” Sudut Pandang Persona Pertama
 Biasanya, jenis sudut pandang ini menggunakan kata ganti "saya" atau "aku" atau juga "kami".
Sederhananya, saat menggunakan sudut pandang orang pertama, Anda seakan-akan menjadi tokoh
dalam cerita tersebut.
Indirect: Mr Lee said, He was ready for lunch sudut pandang dari orang ketiga yang dalam
penulisan kata menggunakan kata ganti sebagai pemeran dia, ia, dan mereka (dalam jumlah banyak).
Langsung: Tuan Lee berkata, "Saya siap untuk makan siang"
Tidak Langsung: Mr Lee berkata, dia siap untuk makan siang
 Indirect: Julia shouted that she didn't want to go to the dentist.
Direct: Julia shouted, "I don't want to go to the dentist."
3. CHANGE FROM ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE VOICE Active voice adalah kalimat yang
menempatkan orang untuk melakukan suatu tindakan sebagai subjeknya, sedangkan passive voice adalah
kalimat di mana sebuah kata kerja menunjukkan bahwa suatu tindakan dilakukan pada subjek.

 Active: A hotel employee will carry your bag

Passive: Your bags will be carried by a hotel employee
Aktif: Seorang karyawan hotel akan membawa tas Anda
Pasif: Tas Anda akan dibawa oleh karyawan hotel
Active Voice: The bank counted the money.
(Bank menghitung uang.)
Passive Voice: The money was counted by the bank.
(Uang dihitung oleh bank.)
4. CHANGE TO SYNONYMS persamaan antara dua kata atau lebih yang membuat suatu kalimat
menjadi lebih menarik/berbeda. for an example you can see in the sentence below

 Your bag will be carried by a hotel employee.

Your luggage will be picked up by a bell boy.
Tas Anda akan dibawa oleh karyawan hotel.
Bagasi Anda akan dijemput oleh seorang bocah bel.
 More than half of the women who attended the one-day meeting were in business with their spouses.
The majority of the women who went to the one-day conference were in business with their
husbands.
5. CHANGE WORD FORMS for an example you can see in the sentence below

 Original: Many people find watching tennis is interesting.

 Paraphrase: Many people have an interest in watching tennis.
 Asli: Banyak orang menemukan tenis menonton itu menarik.
 • Parafrase: Banyak orang tertarik menonton tenis.

 Original: Some people think Facebook is an invasion of privacy.

 Paraphrase: Some people think Facebook has invaded our privacy.
• Asli: Beberapa orang berpikir Facebook adalah invasi privasi.
• Parafrase: Beberapa orang berpikir Facebook telah menginvasi privasi kami.
Example Of Paraphrasing
and next is an example of paraphrasing, friends can see an example of the original text being
changed to paraphrasing text.
for another example on the eighteenth slide, it is an example of a paraphrase that lists the source of
the text using what style
In paraphrase include in-text citation, including the author's last name and (for APA style) the year
of publication.
dan selanjutnya adalah contoh parafrase, teman-teman bisa melihat contoh teks asli yang diubah
menjadi teks parafrase.
untuk contoh lain di slide kedelapan belas, itu adalah contoh parafrase yang mencantumkan
sumber teks menggunakan gaya apa
Dalam parafrase, sertakan kutipan dalam teks, termasuk nama belakang penulis dan (untuk gaya
APA) tahun publikasi.
Original Text
“At just 8.5 square miles, the Pacific island country of Nauru is one of the smallest countries in the world.
The island was once rich in phosphate, but most of the resource has been mined leaving damage to the
environment behind. Nauru has a population of about 10,000 people.”
Paraphrase
Nauru is a Pacific island country that is only 8.5 square miles in area. It is one of the smallest countries on
the planet and only about 10,000 people live there. Nauru has mined its once plentiful supplies of
phosphate. This has damaged the environment on the island.

Another Example Of Paraphrasing (By Citing Sources)