01. PENDAHULUAN
02. PENGGOLONGAN MIKROORGANISME
03. STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI SEL MIKROORGANISME
04. PERTUMBUHAN MIKROORGANISME
05. GENETIKA MIKROORGANISME
06. BIOENERGETIKA MIKROORGANISME
07. PENGENDALIAN PERTUMBUHAN MIKROORGANISME
08. INTERAKSI DAN PENYEBARAN MIKROORGANISME
09. PERANAN MIKROORGANISME
MIKROBIOLOGI DASAR
This figure illustrates a typical human cell (eukaryotic cell) and a typical bacterium
(prokaryotic cell). The cartoon on the left highlights the internal structures of eukaryotic
cells, including the nucleus (light blue), the nucleolus (intermediate blue), mitochondria
(orange), and ribosomes (dark blue). The drawing on the right demonstrates how bacterial
DNA is housed in a structure called the nucleoid (very light blue), as well as other structures
normally found in a prokaryotic cell, including the cell membrane (black), the cell wall
(intermediate blue), the capsule (orange), ribosomes (dark blue), and a flagellum (also black).
2.
3.
4.
a) Sterol
b) cholesterol
c)
hopenoid
acids
Ether bonds to glycerol
Polar phosphate, sulfate,
or carbohydrate
Sterols in methane
oxidizers
a.
Menjaga sitoplasma
lingkungannya
dan
memisahkan
sel
dari
b.
Sebagai
barrier
yang
selektif
permeable,
membiarkan beberapa molekum keluar masuk sel
dan mencegah masuknya molekul lainnya
c.
d.
Inclusions:
Reserve deposits in the cytoplasm of cells.
Not found in all cell types:
1. Metachromatic Granules:
Contain inorganic phosphate that can be used in the
synthesis of ATP.
Stain red with blue dyes.
Found in bacteria, algae, protozoa, and fungi.
Characteristic of Corynebacterium diphtheriae,
causative agent of diphtheria. Useful for identification
purposes.
CHROMATOPHORE
MAGNETOSOMES
jawab
RIBOSOMES
kromosom,
banyak
bakteri
mempunyai plasmid; plasmid biasanya
molekul DNA sikuler, tertutup, kecil
a. Plasmid dapat melakukan replikasi secara
terpisah dari kromosom bakteri
b. Plasmid
tidak
dibutuhkan
untuk
pertumbuhan dan reproduksi bakteri, tetapi
plasmid
dapat
membawa
gen
yang
memberikan
keuntungan
bagi
bakteri
(resistensi obat, aktivitas metabolik yang
meningkat, dll.)
Composition :
Peptidoglycan (Murein): Made up of a repeating disaccharide attached
by polypeptides to form a lattice.
selaput
lendir
(juga
disebut
a. adalah lapisan
polysaccharida
terletak di bagian luar dinding sel;
yang
MONOTRICHOUS
(flgela tunggal)
b.
AMPHITRICHOUS
(flagela tunggal
pada satu sisi sel)
c.
LOPHOTRICHOUS
(seberkas flagela
pada satu atau
kedua sisi sel)
d.
PERITRICHOUS
(flagela pada
seluruh
permukaan sel)
Gram-positive
Gram-negative
Thickness of wall
Number of layers
>50%
10-20%
present
absent
0-3%
58%
Protein content
9%
Lipopolysaccharide content
13%
Sensitivity to Penicillin G
yes
no (1)
Sensitivity to lysozyme
yes
no (2)
1) A few Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to natural penicillins. Many Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to some type of penicillin, especially semisynthetic
penicillins. Gram-negative bacteria, including E. coli, can be made sensitive to natural penicillin by procedures that disrupt the permeability characteristics of
the outer membrane.
(2) Gram-negative bacteria are sensitive to lysozyme if pretreated by some procedure that removes the outer membrane and exposes the peptidoglycan directly to
the enzyme