Yanti Rosita
FK UMP
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
organisme multiseluler
KOMUNIKASI
Komunikasi Sel
GAS MOLECULE
HORMON
Dari Bhs Yunani : horman = menggerakkan
Adalah zat atau transmiter kimiawi yang
disintesis oleh kelenjar, disekresikan ke dalam
aliran darah untuk bekerja pada organ sasaran
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Jenis-jenis Hormon
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peptida dan protein
Glikoprotein dari pituitari anterior:
- TSH
- LH
- FSH
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Peptida dan Protein
HORMONE SOURCE
1 FSHRF Hypothalamus
2 LRF Hypothalamus
3 GHRF Hypothalamus
4 TRF Hypothalamus
5 PRF Hypothalamus
6 CRF Hypothalamus
7 GIF Hypothalamus
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Peptides and Proteins
HORMONE SOURCE
1 ACTH Anterior hypophyse
2 TSH Anterior hypophyse
3 FSH Anterior hypophyse
4 LH Anterior hypophyse
5 LTH Anterior hypophyse
6 GH Anterior hypophyse
7 Vasopresin Posterior hypophyse
8 Oksitosin Posterior hypophyse
9 Insulin -pancreas cell
10 Glucagon -pancreas cell
11 Secretin Duodenum
12 Angiotensin Lever
Derivat asam amino
Derivat tirosin
- Katekolamin (epinephrine, dopamine)
- hormone tiroid
Derivat Triptophan
- Melatonin
Derivat asam amino
HORMONE SOURCE
1 Acetylcholine Otonomic nerve
2 Tyroxine Tyroid
3 Tryodotyronine Tyroid
4 Epinephrine Adrenal medulla
5 Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla
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Steroid
Derivat kolesterol
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Steroid
HORMONE SOURCE
1 Aldosteron Adrenal cortex
2 Glucocorticoid Adrenal cortex
3 Testosteron Testis
4 Estrogen Ovarium
5 Progesteron Luteum corpus
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Klasifikasi Hormon
Grup I Grup II
Tipe Steroid, tiroksin Polipeptida, amin
2. Dimodifikasi di sel
contoh : insulin, glukagon, somatostatin
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HORMON PEPTIDA DAN PROTEIN
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Sintesis katekolamin
Hormon amine
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HORMON STEROID
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Hormon Steroid
Semua hormon steroid merupakan derivat dari
kolesterol dan berbeda hanya pada struktur cincin dan
rantai sampaing nya
Semua hormon steroid larut dalam lemak
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Macam2 hormon Steroid
Glucocorticoids; ex cortisol
Mineralocorticoids; ex aldosterone
Androgens spt testosterone
Estrogens, termasuk estradiol and estrone
Progestogens (dikenal sebagai progestins)
seperti progesterone
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Hormone Steroid
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Steroids can be transformed to
active steroid in target cell
Sintesis Hormon Steroid
Katabolisme Hormon Steroid
Terjadi terutama di hati
Proses inaktivasi td:
- reaksi reduksi, pada gugus keto dan ikatan
rangkap cincin A
- Pembentukan konjugat melalui reaksi
esterisasi dari as sulfat atau glikosilasi dg as
glukuronat shg membentuk metabolit
Mamalia tdk dapat memecah kerangka dasar steroid
EIKOSANOIDS
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Eikosanoid
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KLASIFIKASI BERDASAR MEKANISME KERJA
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Nervous system
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Hormones travel via the
bloodstream to target cells
The endocrine system broadcasts its
hormonal messages to essentially all
cells by secretion into blood and
extracellular fluid.
Like a radio broadcast, it requires a
receiver to get the message - in the
case of endocrine messages, cells must
bear a receptor for the hormone being
broadcast in order to respond.
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Principal functions of the endocrine
system
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Sensing and signaling
Endocrine glands
synthesize and store
hormones. These glands
have a sensing and
signaling system which
regulate the duration and
magnitude of hormone
release via feedback from
the target cell.
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Regulation of hormone secretion
Sensing and signaling: a biological need is sensed,
the endocrine system sends out a signal to a target
cell whose action addresses the biological need.
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Control of Endocrine Activity
The physiologic effects of hormones depend largely
on their concentration in blood and extracellular
fluid.
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Control of Endocrine Activity
Rate of production:
Synthesis and secretion of hormones are the most
highly regulated aspect of endocrine control. Such
control is mediated by positive and negative feedback
circuits, as described below in more detail.
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Feedback control
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Feedback control of insulin by
glucose concentrations
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Feedback Control of Hormone Production
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Control of Endocrine Activity
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Control of Endocrine Activity
Rate of degradation and elimination: Hormones,
like all biomolecules, have characteristic rates of
decay, and are metabolized and excreted from the
body through several routes.
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Neural control
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Referensi
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