Pengelolaan

Sumber Daya
Air
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 Apa itu Sumber Daya Air?
Sumber daya air adalah air, sumber air, dan daya air yang terkandung didalamnya. Air m
erupakan komponen utama didalam kehidupan manusia, karena potensi yang terkandung
dalam air atau pada sumber air yang didapat memberikan manfaat atau kerugian bagi
kehidupan dan penghidupan manusia serta lingkungannya. Maka pengertian rekayasa
sumber daya air adalah membuat atau merekayasa sumber daya air supaya bisa dengan
baik di proses, di kelola, dan di pakai sesuai kegunaan dan kebutuhan kehidupan
manusia tersebut.
Sumber Daya Air: menguntungkan dan
merugikan.
banjir

kekeringan
• Air sangat potensial untuk
kepentingan kehidupan.
Energi

Tenaga

Biaya
Sumber Daya Air Sungai,
• Sungai: suatu torehan dipermukaan lahan yang
didalamnya terdapat air dan mengalir secara terus
menerus ataupun pada waktu tertentu.
• Daerah sungai meliputi: aliran air, bantaran,
tanggul, dan areal yang dinyatakan sebagai
daerah sungai.

nidya
 Pengertian Sungai

Sungai merupakan aliran air yang besar dan

memanjang yang mengalir secara terus menerus dari hulu
(sumber) menuju hilir (muara).
Proses Terjadinya Sungai
Air yang berada di permukaan dataran, baik itu beras
al dari air hujan,mata air maupun cairan gletser, akan
mengalir menuju saluran ke tempat yang lebih rendah
Pada awalnya saluran itu sempit dan pendek,namun
secara alamiah aliran air ini akan mengikis daerah
yang dilaluinya. Akibatnya, saluran tersebut semakin
lama semakin lebar dan panjang. Seiring dengan
makin deras dan makin seringnya air mengalir di
saluran itu, maka semakin panjang dan dalam alur itu
akan berbelok atau membentuk cabang
Karakteristik sungai
Sungai dapat di bedakan menjadi beberapa bagian :
a. Bagian Hulu (Sumber) :
• Awal dari aliran sungai (mata air)
• Lembah sungai berbentuk V
• Debit air relating kecil dan dipengaruhi curah hujan
• Kondisi dasar sungai berbatu
• Sering ditemui air terjun dan jeram
• Erosi sungai mengalir dari atas batuan induk
• Aliran air mengalir diatas batuan induk
• Alriran air mengerosi batuan induk
• Alirannya cenderung lurus
• Tidak pernah terjadi banjir
• Kualits air masih baik
 Karakteristik sungai
Karakteristik Sungai bagian Tengah :
• Lanjutan dari Hulu Sungai
• Lembah sungai berbentuk U
• Alirannya tidak terlalu deras
• Proses erosi sudah tidak dominan
• Proses trasnportasi hasil erosi dari hulu
Karaktersitik Sungai bagian Hilir (Muara) :
• Bagian akhir dari sungai
• Lembahnya berbentuk U namun lebih cekung
• Aliran air permanen
• Terdapat pengendapan di dalam alur sungai
• Sering terjadi banjir
• Terdapat daerah dataran banjir
• Alirannya berkelok-kelok
• Badan sungai melebar
• Terdapat danau tapal kuda (oxboq lake)
• Erosi sungai kearah samping (lateral)
Manfaat Sungai

• Sumber Air Bersih

• Pengairan dan Irigasi
• Budidaya Perikanan
• Sarana Tranportasi
• Pariwisata
• Tempat Olahraga
• Bangunan Air
 Pengelolaan Sungai dengan Bangunan Air

Sungai seringkali dikendalikan atau dikontrol supaya lebih bermanfaat atau

mengurangi dampak negatifnya terhadap kegiatan manusia. Maka dari itu
dibangunlah bangunan-bangunan air untuk mengontrol Air sungai itu sendiri,seperti:
• Bendungan Untuk mengontrol aliran, menyimpan air atau menghasilkan energi
• Tanggul  Mencegah sungai melampaui batas dataran banjirnya.
• Kanal Sungai  Mengendalikan aliran air dari hulu sungai dan mengatur wolume
air yang masuk ke wilayah pemukiman. Umumny kanal ini merupakan bagian da
ri aliran sungai dengan pelebaran atau pendalaman pada bagian tertentu.
 Upaya Pengelolaan DAS
Upaya pokok yang dilakukan dalam pengelolaan DAS adalah melakukan :
Pengelolaan lahan melalui usaha konservasi tanah dalam arti luas
Pengelolaan air melalui pengembangan sumberdaya air
Pengelolaan vegetasi khususnya pengelolaan hutan yang memiliki fung
si perlindungan terhadap tanah dan air
Pembinaan kesadaran manusia dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam s
ecara bijaksana
 Sungai Bengawan Solo

Contoh Sungai yang kami ambil adalah Sungai Bengawan

Solo. Sungai terpanjang di Pulau Jawa Indonesia, dengan
panjang 548,53 km dan mengaliri dua provinsi yaitu Jawa
Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Sungai ini memiliki dua hulu
sungai yaitu dari daerah Pegunungan Kidul, Wonogiri, dan
Ponorogo, dan selanjutnya bermuara di daerah Gresik.
DAS SUNGAI BENGAWAN SOLO
DAS Bengawan Solo berada di sepanjang aliran Sungai Bengawan
Solo yaitu berada disebelah timur-tenggara dari Kota Surakarta
dan berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Karanganyar dan Sukoharjo.
Disepanjang DAS tersebut terdapat beberapa spot waterfront,
sedangkan yang paling luas dan memiliki masterplan yang telah
dituangkan dalam RDTR adalah kawasan waterfront Kelurahan
Pucangsawit.

Di masa lalu Bengawan Solo mempunyai peranan yang sangat

penting sebagai prasarana transportasi penghubung daerah
pedalaman (bagian hulu) dan pelabuhan di Pantura Gresik
(bagian hilir), sehingga berkembang desa-desa penambangan yg
merupakan cikalbakal permukiman di sepanjang Sungai.
 DAS Sungai Bengawan Solo
Dinamika pengelolaan daerah hulu sungai sangat berpengaruh terhadap
daerah hilir. Sampai saat ini terdapat sedikitnya sembilan sektor kegiatan
ekonomi pemanfaatan di hulu Sungai Bengawan Solo di Kabupaten
Wonogiri yang terkait dengan pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam meliputi
sumber daya air, pertanian, perkebunan/kehutanan, perikanan,
pertambangan, air minum, tenaga listrik/ PLTA dari Waduk Serbaguna
Wonogiri (atau dikenal sebagai Waduk Gajah Mungkur), pariwisata serta
transportasi
 Potensi DAS Sungai Bengawan Solo

• Daerah hulu sungai Bengawan Solo menjadi sumber air baku yang sangat penting
bagi masyarakat untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan.
• Pemanfaatan DAS Bengawan Solo sebagai kawasan waterfront dan urban forest di
beberapa spot. Keberadaan waterfront dan urban forest ini ditujukan untuk menjadi
RTH serta menyumbang RTH kota yang diwajibkan minimal 30%. Pemanfaatan ini di
harapkan agar kawasan lindung yang berupa DAS Sungai Bengawan Solo ini bisa
menjadi paru-paru kota
• DAS dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air bersih,baik konvensional ataupun modern
oleh masyarakat
 Potensi DAS Sungai Bengawan Solo

• DAS juga dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air bersih,baik konvensional ataupun

modern oleh masyarakat
• pemanfaatan DAS Bengawan Solo di Surakarta menjadi sanitasi kota.
Sebagai suatu kesatuan tata air, DAS dipengaruhi oleh kondisi
bagian hulu khususnya kondisi biofisik daerah tangkapan dan
daerah resapan air yang banyak tempat rawan terhadap ancamn
gangguan manusia. Hal ini mencerminkan bahwa kelestarian
DAS ditentukan oleh pola perilaku, keadaan sosial ekonomi dan
tingkat pengelolaan yang sangat erat kaitannya dengan
pengaturan kelembagaan
 Permasalahan DAS
Sungai Bengawan Solo
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 Permasalahan
• Curah hujan tahunan rata-rata di WS Bengawan Solo sebesar 2.100 mm,
namun distribusinya sangat tidak menguntungkan. Hampir setiap tahun sungai
Bengawan Solo menimbulkan bencana banjir yang sangat merugikan
masyarakat.
• Spot-spot yang dibangun untuk menjadi kawasan waterfront dan urban forest
pada kenyataannya sangat minim perawatan. Sehingga kawasan tersebut yang
pada awalnya direncanakan untuk ruang publik sekaligus RTH dan taman kota
malah menjadi terbengkalai, dan dimanfaatkan untuk hal-hal negatif dan
menjadi daerah rawan kriminal.
• Kebanyakan industri langsung saja membuang limbahnya ke sungai sehingga
kawasan waterfront yang seharusnya menjadi taman kota berkurang keindahan
nya akibat dari air sungai yang tercemar dan bau serta banyaknya sampah
yang berada dimana-mana
• Selain permasalahan tentang pencemaran air nya, DAS Bengawan Solo ini
juga menjadi lokasi sebagai permukiman kumuh
• Erosi dan longsor nya tanggul akibat rusaknya hutan lindung juga dirasakan
hampir diseluruh DAS Bengawan Solo di Kota Surakarta karena tidak adanya
perwatan terhadap hutan lindung tersebut,
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