HI – RA - RC

Hazard Identification – Risk Assessment – Risk Control

Risk Management
 OHSAS 18001
SHE Management System
4.2.
OH&S POLICY

4.3.PLANNING
4.3.1. PLANNING FOR HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION, 4.3.2. Legal &
PLAN RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CONTROL (HIRARC) Other
(RISK MANAGEMENT) Requirement

4.3.3.OBJECTIVES

4.3.4.OH&S MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMMES

4.4. IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION

DO 4.4.1.
Structure
4.4.2.Training
Awareness
4.4.3.
Consultation
4.4.4.
Document
4.4.5
Document
4.4.6.
Operational
4.4.7.
Emergency
Responsibility competence Communication ation Data Control control response

4.5. CHECKING AND CORRECTIVE ACTION

CHECK 4.5.1.Performance 4.5.2.Accident,Incident 4.5.3.Record and
4.5.4.
Measurement and Nonconformance Record
Audit
Monitoring Corrective/preventive Management

4.6.MANAGEMENT
ACTION REVIEW
Hubungan Risk Management dan SHE-MS

•Pembinaan •Rekayasa
•Pelatihan •Inspeksi
•Komunikasi SHE - MS •Kalibrasi
•Konsultasi •Safety Review

Risk
Management

•Dokumentasi
•Hazards identi.
•Data control
•Keamanan operasi
•Pengukuran
•Operation control
•Tinjauan
•Contingency plan
manajemen
Risk Management
merupakan inti dari SHE-MS
HIRARC

Hazard Identification Calculated Risk

Risk Assessment

Risk Control

RISK MANAGEMENT
HAZARD
Sesuatu yang berpotensi menyebabkan
terjadinya kecelakaan terhadap orang,
peralatan, material atau lingkungan.
Sesuatu yang berpotensi menimbulkan kerugian
(mesin, metoda kerja, prosedur atau aspek
lainnya)
 OHSAS 18001
SHE Management System

PDCA dalam perkerjaan

Continual Improvement Simak karakteristik pekerjaan

- Nilai tingkat risiko pekerjaan (HIRARC)
- Program, Objective & Target
Action Plan
MANAGEMENT Tugas tanggung jawab, Training,
REVIEW PLANNING Komunikasi, Dokumentasi, Prosedur
spesific, perawatan peralatan, tanggap
darurat

CORRECTIVEN IMPLEMENTATION Pemantauan, Koreksi, Audit

AND
OPERATION
Kajian manajemen
Check Do
 OHSAS 18001
SHE Management System

IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO DAN DAMPAK (4.3.1)

Membuat dan memelihara prosedur untuk mengidentifikasi aspek

risiko keselamatan dan dampak lingkungan dari kegiatan, sehingga
dapat mengendalikannya
Memastikan bahwa aspek terkait dengan risiko dan dampak penting
lingkungan dipertimbangkan dalam menyusun tujuan kegiatan
operasional.
Memelihara informasi ini selalu mutakhir.

Peran Anda:
• Melakukan identifikasi risiko/dampak di lingkungan di kerja masing-masing
• Aktif mengelola sumber bahaya dan dampak penting yang ada di lingkungan kerja
• Melaporkan potensi bahaya atau dampak penting lingkungan yang anda temukan.
• Melakukan pekerjaan dengan cara yang aman untuk mencegah kecelakaan atau
dampak lingkungan
 OHSAS 18001
SHE Management System

IDENTIFIKASI RISIKO DAN DAMPAK (4.3.1)

Resiko/dampak yang
diidentifikasi
mencakup kondisi:
a. Keadaan normal
b. Keadaan abnormal
c. Keadaan darurat
Penguasaan
supervisor yang
ditunjuk dalam
identifikasi
aspek/bahaya
Penguasaan proses
evaluasi dampak/
resiko dan
penentuan
aspek/bahaya
penting
HAZARD GROUPS
Physical / fisik
Chemical / bahan kimia
Biological / biologi
Psychological / psikologi
Electrical / listrik
Mechanical / mekanik
Machinery / mesin
Ergonomics / ergonomik
Radiation / radiasi
Material depreciation, failures and changes
depresiasi material, kegagalan dan
perubahan
Human error / kesalahan manusia
Environmental factor / faktor lingkungan
Mengapa perlu HIRARC ?
• Mencegah kecelakaan dan kerugian
• Persyaratan sesuai UU, Peraturan.
• Menciptakan kondisi aman, sehat, & lingkungan terpelihara
• Proteksi terhadap risiko bahaya dan dampak
UUD 1945
Pasal 27 ayat (2) :
Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak atas pekerjaan dan penghidupan yang layak bagi
kemanusiaan

UU No. 1 Tahun 1970 (Keselamatan Kerja)

UU No.13 Tahun 2003 (ttg Ketenagakerjaan)

Pasal 2 :
Pembangunan ketenagakerjaan berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar R.I tahun 1945.
Pasal 4
Pembangunan ketenagakerjaan bertujuan :

a. Dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja,

b. Meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja dan keluarganya. Membudayakan & mendayagunakan tenaga kerja
secara optimal dan manusiawi,
c. Mewujudkan pemerataan kesempatan kerja & penyedian tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan
pembangunan nasional nasional dan daerah,
d. Memberikan perlindungan kepada tenaga kerja
Flow Chart : Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control

Assessing the Risk

Gather info about each
hazard identified How LIKELY is it that a hazardous event or situation will
occur?
Very likely - frequently
Likely - Occasionally
How many people are
Unlikely - happen but only rarely
exposed to each hazard Highly unlikely - happen but probably never will
and for how long

Use the info to assess

the LIKELIHOOD and What might be the CONSEQUENCES of a hazardous
CONSEQUENCE of each event or situation
Fatality
hazards
Major Injuries (normally irreversible)
Minor injuries (normally reversible)
Negligible injuries (First Aid)
Use a risk table to work
out the RISK associated
with each hazards
Description of Likelihood
• Very likely : Could happen frequently
• Likely : Could happen occasionally
• Unlikely : Could happen but only rerely
• Highly unlikely : Could happen but probably never will

Description of Consequence
• Fatality : Fatal
• Major injuries : Normally irreversible injury or damage to health
• Minor injury : Normally reversible injury or damage to health
• Negligible injury : First Aid
Risk Matrix Table

LIKELIHOOD
CONSEQUENCE Very Likely (4) Likely (3) Unlikely (2) Highly Unlikely (1)

Fatality (4) High (16) High (12) High (8) Medium (4)

Major Injuries (3) High (12) High (9) Medium (6) Medium (3)
Minor Injuries (2) High (8) Medium (6) Medium (4) Low (2)

Negligible Injuries (1) Medium (4) Medium (3) Low (2) Low (1)

Risk = Consequences x LIkelihood

Matriks Penilaian Risiko
AKIBAT
No First Moderate/ Major/ Fatal/Cata
Injuries Aid/Minor Medical Cacat strophic

Almost Certain
Hampir pasti terjadi H H E E E
Likely
PELUANG

Besar kemungkinan M H H E E
terjadi
Moderate
Dapat terjadi L M H E E
Unlikley
Kecil kemungkinan terjadi L L M H E
Rare
Jarang terjadi L L M H H
Extreme : Penghentian kegiatan, keterlibatan manajemen puncak
High : Penanganan dengan penjadualan yang secepatnya
Moderate : Penjadualan dan penetapan tanggung jawab tindakan akan ditetapkan
Low : Kendalikan dengan prosedur yang ada/rutin
Sumber AS/NZS 4360 : Risk Management
Apakah Hazard & Risiko ?
Hazard: Sesuatu yang dapat mengakibatkan bahaya
Risiko : Kemungkinan terjadi bahaya, terhadap pekerja dan
konsekwensinya. Oleh sebab itu risiko merefleksikan likelihood
dan severity (keparahan)

Contoh Health Hazard:

- Physical (noise, heat, radiation, vibration, pressure, machinery, electricity)
- Chemical (gases, vapours, acids, alkali, poisons aerosols, irritants)
- Biological (pathogens, fungi, other micro organisme)
- Psychosocial (stress, social problems, accidents, fobia)
- Ergonomic (design, lay out, excessive manual handling, design of tools)

Contoh Safety Hazard:

- Mechanical (cuts, entanglement)
- Heights (falling objects)
- Electrical (shock, burns)
- Fire/Explosion (burns, injury, death)
- Confined space (poisoning)
Hazard Identification Table

Physical Hazards Env.Hazards Chemical Radiation Hazards Biological

Hazards Hazards

Confined spaces Vibration Asbestos Ionizing radiation Pathogens

Remote location Noise Explosives Non-fissionable radioactive Viral and Rickettsial
Fall hazards (ladders, elevated platforms, towers) Water pollution Herbicides materials Bacterial
Oxygen deficient atmosphere Temperature PCBs Fissionable radio Fungal
Noise >85 dBA Dust Poisons nucleotides Parasitic
Extreme temperatures Slipping Carcinogens Ionizing radiation- Recombinant DNA
Manual handling Tripping Flammable liquids generating devices Genetically modified
Material handling equipment (forklifts, trolleys) Gas Pesticides (X-ray sources, microorganisms
Mech power transmission equip (gears, rollers) Vapour Peroxides formers accelerators, or Human or animal blood
Powered equip (saws, punchers, presses, Other Toxics sealed radioactive Human or animal blood
wood-working or metal-working machinery) Corrosives sources) components
Electrical (large batteries, exposed conductors, etc) Flammable solids Non-ionizing radiation Products made from
Potential energy hazards Oils Lasers of any kind human or animal
Sharp objects Pyrophorics Static magnetic fields > 1G blood
Pressure or Vacuum Reproductive toxins at 60Hz Human or animal tissue
Compressed gases (cylinders, gas lines etc) Toxic metals Dynamic electric fields Body fluids
Boilers, Autoclaves, Pressurised vessels or systems
(arsenic, >1kV/m at 60Hz Cell lines
barium, Radio frequency (RF) or Environmentally-
Vacuum chambers or systems w/>1000 J stored
energy beryllium, Microwave sources sensitive
cadmium, exceeding 10mW microbes
Fire chromium, radiated output Proteins
Open flames, Welding, Spark producing activity lead, Infrared sources >10W Other
Flammable/combustible liquids selenium, UV sources >1W
Flammable gases silver) Extremely low frequency
(ELF) radio sources
Explosive materials
Strong oxidizers
Pyrophorics
Flammable solids
Highly reactive materials, such as organic
peroxides
Risk Assessment Procedures

Classify Work Activities

Identify Hazards

Determine Risk

Decide if Risk is Tolerable

Prepare Risk Control Plan

Review Adequacy of Action Plan

LATIHAN MEMBUAT HIRARC
Buatlah HIRARC untuk
Area Kerja : lantai 30, Gedung Wisma Mulia
Gunakan form HIRARC tersedia.
Masing-masing group mengisi ‘Potential Hazards’, ‘Risk’, ‘Existing Risk
Treatment’, ‘N & AN’, ‘Risk Ranking’, dan ‘Recommendation Risk Control’
dari List Activity/Workplace/Equipment sbb:

Group A: Group B: Group C:

Personal lift/ Building Glass Office Equipment drives
Personnel movement By electrical power:
-Computer, Printer, Scanner,
-Photocopy machine
Group D:
Pantry equipment drives
Group E:
By electrical power:
IT Control Room equipped by
-Water dispenser, Water
Gas FM-200 bottle for fire extinguiser
Filter, Electrical Thermos
Identifikasi Bahaya dapat
dilakukan dengan:

1. Risk Analysis
2. Workplace inspection
3. Safety audits
4. Job safety analysis
5. Feedback from workers
6. Observations
7. Advice from specialists
8. Accident records
9. MSDS
Hierarchy of Control Measures

• Elimination
• Substitution
• Isolation
• Engineering Control
• Administrative Control
• Personal Protective Equipment
Bagaimana menciptakan
tempat kerja yang aman?

Anticipate the hazard

1. Identify the hazard
2. Assess the risk
3. Implementing control measures
4. Reviewing of control measures.
SHE CANAL SERVICE:
VOICE : SHE KURAU ext 1515
MAIL : substandard-act/cond@energi-mp.com
: nearmiss@energi-mp.com
Telp/SMS : 0800 100 1515
: 0812 118 1515

RED BOX : Di area tertentu

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA)
 CONTOH HAZARD (BAHAYA)

Bahaya tersandung (Tripping hazard) Bahaya listrik (Electrical hazard)

MENGENAL HAZARDS (BAHAYA), HAZARD EFFECTS
(DAMPAK BAHAYA), PROBABILITY (PROBABILITAS)
 MEMBAGI PEKERJAAN MENJADI BEBERAPA
LANGKAH KERJA
PEKERJAAN: Mengganti bola lampu
LANGKAH KERJA TERLALU LANGKAH KERJA TERLALU
RINCI RINGKAS
Terlalu banyak langkah kerja Langkah kerja terlalu ringkas
yang tidak penting dan mengabaikan kegiatan yang
berpotensi menimbulkan
kecelakaan
LANGKAH 1: Menuju gudang LANGKAH 1: Ambil tangga

LANGKAH 2: Buka pintu gudang LANGKAH 2: Ganti bola lampu

LANGKAH 3: Mencari tangga

LANGKAH 4: Mengambil tangga

LANGKAH 5: Dan seterusnya….

 LATIHAN MEMBUAT
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
(JSA)

PR
Buat JSA untuk pekerjaan:
Memindahkan Galon dari Basement ke
lantai 30 Gedung Wisma Mulia.

Gunakan form JSA yang dibagikan

Prinsip rasional dalam RISK MANAGEMENT

1. Pastikan pekerja dan orang sekitarnya sudah terproteksi

dengan benar.
2. Berikan manfaat kepada sesama pekerja, perusahaan dan
masyarakat dengan mempertimbangkan risiko, fokus pada
‘mengurangi risiko’, baik untuk kejadian yang ‘kerap’
menimbulkan bahaya maupun yang mengandung
‘konsekuensi’ yang serious.
3. Berikan pembelajaran ‘lessons learned’ dan inovasi.
4. Memastikan bahwa mereka yang menciptakan bisa terjadi
‘risiko’ bertanggung jawab mengatasinya.
Berpikir rasional ‘mengelola risiko’ bukan untuk:

1. Menciptakan suatu kondisi ‘bebas risiko’

2. Membuat tumpukan kertas hanya untuk mengelola
risiko
3. Menakutkan orang dengan memberitakan risiko2
bahaya
4. Menghentikan kegiatan rekreasi atau kegiatan lainnya
yang risikonya dapat dikelola.
5. Mengurangi proteksi dari risiko yang sudah pasti
berakibat parah.
An Example of a Risk Assessment Matrix

IMPACT (Rating = Severity X Frequency)

General
Types of Illness Physical
Work Activity Eye Injury Limb
Hazards (eg. Injuries
Hearing (possibility s
Cough, (possibili Total Rank
Problems of loss of Injur
flu, ty of
sight) y
fever, death)
etc.)
Loud
Operating a
noises &
compressed air 2x2 4
long
Jackhammer
exposures
Inspection of steel
girder alignment &
Exposures
deflection in 2x2 4
to lasers
bridges &
buildings using
lasers
Working at
elevated heights 2
Falls 3 x2 3x2 12
without proper fall
protection system

Working over or
near water without
Drowning 2x2 3x2 10
wearing life jackets
or buoyant work

Handling
Fire 2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
flammable liquids
 IMPACT (Rating = Severity X Frequency)

General
Types of Physical
Work Activity Eye Injury Illness
Hazards Injuries
Hearing (possibility Limbs (eg.
(possibili Total Rank
Problems of loss of Injury Cough,
ty of
sight) flu, fever,
death)
etc.)

Electrocution
Handling Powder- & 2x2 2x2 2x2 12 2
actuated tools Mechanical
injuries
Transportation of
explosive materials Explosion 1x1 1x1 2x2 2x2 10
used in blasting & Fire

Fatality to
drivers
Heavy vehicles &
(caused by
equipments in 2x2 1x2 2x2 3x2 16 1
rollovers) or
operation
to co-drivers
(caused by
runovers)
Severity of the Hazardous Effect

Description Severity Ranking Mishap Definition

Catastrophic 8- 10 Any condition which may cause a permanent disabling or fatal

personnel injury, or loss of one of the following: the launch or
servicing vehicle; manned base; any NSTS cargo element, the loss of
which could result in the manned base; major ground facility or
critical support equipment.

Critical 4- 7 Any condition which may cause a serious personnel injury; severe
occupational illness; loss of safety monitoring, emergency control
function or an emergency system, or requires use of emergency
procedures; or involves major damage to one of the following: the
launch or servicing vehicle; manned base; any NSTS cargo element,
which could result in the loss of, or major damage to, a major SSF
element; an on- orbit life- sustaining function; a ground facility; or any
critical support equipment.

Marginal 1- 3 Any condition which may cause major damage to a safety monitoring,
emergency system, mishap of a minor nature inflicting first aid injury
to personnel, or minor nature inflicting first aid injury to personnel, or
minor damage to one of the following: a launch or servicing vehicle;
the manned base; any NSTS cargo element, which could result in
minor damage to a major SSF element; an on- orbit life- sustaining
function; a ground facility; or any critical equipment.
Probability of Occurrence of the Hazardous Effects

Description Occurrence Ranking Hazard Probability

Most Likely 9-10 Expected to happen in the life of the program.

Probable 6-8 Could Happen in the life of the program. Controls have
significant limitations or uncertainties.

Remote 2-5 Could happen in the life of the program, but not expected.
Controls have minor limitations or uncertainties.

Improbable 1 Extremely remote possibility that it will happen in the life

of the program. Strong controls are in place.

Risk Rating Table

Marginal Critical Catastrophic

Improbable Tolerable Risk Tolerable Risk Tolerable Risk
Remote Tolerable Risk Moderate Risk Moderate Risk
Probable Moderate Risk Substantial Risk Substantial Risk

Most Likely Substantial Risk Intolerable Risk Intolerable Risk

 TAHAPAN
MANAJEMEN RISIKO
AS/NZS4360 (1999) PERSIAPAN
Menentukan Scope

IDENTIFIKASI BAHAYA

MONITOR & REVIEW

ANALISA RISIKO

Penilaian Risiko
AKIBAT KEMUNGKINAN

EVALUASI RISIKO

PENGENDALIAN RISIKO
Contoh Objectives:
Menerapkan Manajemen Mutu untuk setiap pekerjaan yang
berhubungan dengan K3L.
Mencapai level 9 untuk ISRS dan level 8 untuk IERS
Memperoleh Re-Sertifikasi OHSAS 18001 dan ISO 14001 untuk
meningkatkan standard kerja agar sesuai dengan ketentuan
perundangan dan ketentuan lainnya.
Mencapai peringkat HIJAU untuk PROPER sejalan dengan
penerapan OHSAS 18001 dan ISO 14001
Loss Causation Model