BAB XI

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional Sentence (CS) adalah bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan harapan dan syarat.
Kalimat pengandaian ini terdiri dari induk kalimat (main clause) dan anak kalimat
(subordinate clause). Induk dan anak kalimat ini digabungkan dengan menggunakan
conjunction (kata penghubung): IF atau UNLESS. Bentuk CS dapat dirumuskan sbb:
Main clause + if / unless + subordinate clause atau
If / unless + subordinate clause + main clause

Catatan: Unless + subordinate clause (positive) = If + subordinate clause (negative)

 
Bentuk induk dan anak kalimat mempunyai aturan yang satu dengan yang lain saling
mempengaruhi dan membentuk pengertian tersendiri. Karena itu dilihat dari bentuk
tensesnya, CS dibedakan menjadi 3 type, yaitu:
1. Type I : Future Conditional
2. Type II : Present Coditional
3. Type III : Past Conditional
1. Type I : FUTURE CONDITIONAL (FC)
FC adalah kalimat pengandaian yang menyatakan bahwa harapan pada main clause
masih sangat mungkin dicapai apabila syarat pada subordinate clause dapat dipenuhi
pada waktu yang akan datang. Bentuk FC dapat dirumuskan sbb:
Main clause + if / unless + subordinate clause
Present future Tense Simple Present Tense
S + will / shall + v1 (be) S + v1 (is/am/are) + o

Contoh:
1. They will come if you invite them.
2. She can type the letter if she has more time.
3. You will not pass the test unless you study hard.
4. If he plays well, he will win the game.
5. If you are hungry, you can take something to eat.

Catatan: WILL dan SHALL dapat diganti dengan CAN, MAY, dan MUST
2. Type II : PRESENT CONDITIONAL (PC)
PC adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang menyatakan bahwa
harapan pada main clause (MC) tidak mungkin lagi dicapai, sebab
syarat pada subordinate clause (SC) tidak dapat dipenuhi pada saat ini.
Dapat dikatakan bahwa kalimat pengandaian ini bertolak belakang
dengan kenyataan yang terjadi pada saat ini. Oleh karena itu, bentuk PC
dapat dirumuskan sbb:
Mc + if / unless + sc
Past Future Tense Simple Past Tense
S + would + v1 (be) + o S + v2 (were) + o
Catatan:
1. Would dapat diganti dengan COULD dan MIGHT
2. Apabila SC menggunakan TO BE, maka yang digunakan adalah WERE meskipun
subyeknya I, SHE, HE, dan IT.
 
Contoh:
1. They would come if you invited them.
(They don’t come because you don’t invite them)
2. If you played well, you would win the game.
(You don’t play well, so you don’t win the game)
3. If you were hungry, you could take something to eat.
(You are not hungry, so you don’t take something to eat)
 
3. Type III : PAST CONDOTIONAL (PAC)
PAC adalah bentuk kalimat pengandaian yang menyatakan bahwa harapan pada MC tidak
terjadi pada waktu lalu karena syarat pada SC tidak dipenuhi pada waktu lalu. PAC
merupakan pengandaian yang bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang terjadi pada
waktu lalu. Untuk itu, bentuk PAC dapat dirumuskan sbb:
Mc + if / unless + sc
Past Future Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense
S + would + have + v3 (been) + o S + had + v3 (been) + o

Contoh: 1. They would have come if you had invited them.

(They didn’t come because you didn’t invite them)
2. If you had been hungry, you could have taken something to eat.
(You were not hungry, so you didn’t take something to eat)
 
Catatan: Would dapat diganti dengan Should, Could, Might, Must
 Conditional Sentence (Chapter XI)
Conditional sentences type 1, type 2, type 3
Type Meaning of Verb form in the Verb form in the Example
the ‘’if “if clause” “result clause”
clause”
1 True in the Simple Present simple present If I have enough time, I write to you.
present/future simple future
If I have enough time, I will write to
you.
2 Untrue in the Simple Past would + simple form If I had enough time now, I would
present/future write to you. (In truth, I don’t have
enough time, so I won’t write to
you).
3 Untrue in the Past Perfect would have + past If I had had enough time, I would
past participle have written to you yesterday. (In
truth, I didn’t have enough time, so I
didn’t write to you).

Note : “Were” is used for both singular and plural subjects.

“Was” (with I, he, she, it) is sometimes used in very informal speech but it is not generally considered
grammatically acceptable.
Exercise 1 (Type 1)
1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses!
2. I (make) ……… a tomato salad for the picnic tomorrow if the tomatoes in my
garden are ripe.
3. If I don’t (eat) ……… breakfast, I will get hungry during class.
4. If the weather is nice tomorrow, I (go) ……… swimming.
5. Water (freeze) ……… if the temperature goes below 32o F/ 0o C.
6. If I (have) ……… a screwdriver of the proper size, I’ll fix your bicycle.

Exercise 2 (Type 2)
7. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses!
8. Nico (shave) ……… today if he had a sharp razor.
9. I (not be) ……… a sudent in this class if English was my native language.
10. Sally would answer the phone if she (is) ……… in her office.
11. If I had enough apples, I (bake) ……… an apple pie this afternoon.
12. If he were here right now, he (help) ……… us.
Exercise 3 (Type 3)
1. Complete the sentences with the verbs in parentheses!
2. If I (have) ……… enough money, I would hare gone to USA.
3. If I hadn’t slipped on the ice, I (not brake) ……… my arm.
4. They would have passed the exam, if they (study) ……… hard.
5. I (help) ……… you if you had told me about the problem.
6. We ( go) ……… to the zoo if the weather had been nice yesterday.

Exercise 4 (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3)

7. Supply the appropriate auxiliary verb!
8. I don’t have a pencil, but if I did, I would lend it you.
9. If he weren’t busy right now, he would help us.
10. If I …… told my husband that (would be late, he would have gotten worried about
me).
11. If I …… pay my bills, I will get in a lot of trouble.
12. If I …… a good cook, I would make all of my own meals.
13. The cut on his hand would have gotten infected if he …… gone to a doctor.
14. If I …… have a class tomorrow, I will go downtown with you.