Konfigurasi Planet

Bumi

Konjungsi Konjungsi
Inferior Superior
Konfigurasi Planet
Elongasi timur maks.

Bumi

Elongasi barat maks.

Konfigurasi Planet

Oposisi Konjungsi
Bumi
 Kuadratur Konfigurasi Planet
timur

Oposisi Bumi Konjungsi

Kuadratur
barat
 Gerak Retrograde Mars
Pada 1994/95

1995 Mar 24
1994 Sept 24

1995 Jan 2

1995 July 4
 Mars
11/1998-10/1999
Saturn

Jupiter

Saturn & Jupiter

4/1999 - 6/2000
Venus
Mercury 6-11/1999
10-12/1999
Bagaimana Ptolomeus Menjelaskan
Gerak Retrograde Mars?
Epicycle

Bumi
Deferent
Model Ptolemeus

Earth
Mercury
Venus

Sun
Mars

Jupiter

Saturn
Penjelasan Copernicus

Mars
Bumi
Penentuan Jarak
Venus - Matahari

46º DVenus

1 AU

D Venus  1 AU  sin(46)
 0.719 AU
Hk. I Kepler
Hukum I Keppler menyatakan bahwa planet-planet beredar
dalam lintasan berbentuk elips dengan Matahari berada pada
salah satu titik fokusnya.

Sumbu semimayor

F1 Pusat elips F2
Hk. II Kepler
Hukum II Kepler ini dapat juga diartikan bahwa benda yang
mengorbit akan bergerak lebih cepat pada saat posisinya lebih
dekat dengan pusat orbit.

T=0hari
T=10h
T=0h
T=10hari Menyapu luas yang SAMA
dalam selang waktu yang SAMA
Hk. III Kepler

Untuk sebarang dua buah planet,

rasio pangkat tiga jarak rata-rata
mereka ke Matahari sama dengan
rasio kuadrat periode orbitnya.

(a1/a2)3 = (P1/P2)2
Planet yang terletak lebih jauh memerlukan
waktu lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan satu
kali putaran mengelilingi Matahari.
 Hk. Gravitasi Newton

Apel yang jatuh:

Kelajuan berubah
(dipercepat)
Arah sama
(ke bawah)
 d
GM 1M 2
M1 F M2
d2

2d
GM 1M 2 1 GM 1M 2
M1 F 2
 M2
(2d ) 4 d2

d/2 GM 1M 2 GM 1M 2
F 2
4
(d / 2) d2
M1 M2
 d GM 1M 2
F
d2
M1 M2

d G (2M 1 ) M 2 GM 1M 2
F 2
2
d d2
M2
2M1

d G (2 M 1 )(2 M 2 ) GM 1M 2
F  4
d2 d2
2M2
2M1
Kurva Irisan Kerucut

Lingkaran Elips

Parabola Hiperbola
 Parabola Hiperbola
v = vE v>vE

Elips
Elips Lingkaran
vC<v<vE v = vC
v<vC
 Apa Yang Sudah Kita Pelajari?
• Why are the warmest days typically a month after
the beginning of summer?
• The summer solstice is usually considered the first day
of summer, but the warmest days come later because
it takes time for the more direct sunlight to heat up the
ground and oceans from the winter cold.
• How does the night sky change through the
year?
• The visible constellations at a particular time of night
depend on where the Earth is located in its orbit
around the Sun.
• What is the Earth’s cycle of precession?
• A roughly 26,000 year cycle over which the earth’s axis
traces a cone as it gradually points to different places
in space.
PR
 Berapakah kecepatan linier Bulan
mengelilingi Bumi jika diketahui jarak
BumiBulan = 60 kali jari-jari Bumi.

 Berapakah kecepatan linier Bumi

mengelilingi Matahari?
• Why do we see phases of the Moon?
• At any time, half the Moon is illuminated by the
Sun and half is in darkness. The face of the
Moon that we see is some combination of
these two portions, determined by the relative
locations of the Sun, Earth, and Moon.
• Why do planets sometimes seem to move
backwards relative to the stars?
• Apparent retrograde motion occurs over a
period of a few weeks to a few months as the
earth passes by another planet in its orbit.
• Why did the ancient Greeks reject the idea that
the Earth goes around the Sun, even though it
offers a more natural explanation for planetary
motion?
• A major reason was their inability to detect stellar
parallax --- the slight shifting of nearby stars against
the background of more distant stars that occurs as
the Earth orbits the Sun. To most Greeks, it seemed
unlikely that the stars could be so far away as to
make parallax undetectable to the naked eye, even
though that is in fact the case. They instead
explained the lack of detectable parallax by
imagining the Earth to be stationary at the center of
the Universe.