ACCELERATION AND G

FORCE
 Rumus Percepatan

 Percepatan adalah laju perubahan kecepatan tiap satuan waktu. 

  
Secara matematis, Percepatan dirumuskan :
Keterangan:
delta v = perubahan kecepatan (m/s)
delta t = perubahan waktu (s)
a = percepatan rata-rata (m/s²)
Percepatan merupakan besaran vektor. Percepatan dapat bernilai
positif (+a) dan bernilai negatif (-a) bergantung pada arah perpindahan
dari gerak tersebut. Percepatan yang bernilai negatif (-a) sering disebut
dengan perlambatan. 
 
 Contoh Soal Percepatan 
1. Seorang polisi mempercepat motornya untuk
mengejar penjahat dari keadaan berhenti hingga
kecepatannya menjadi 30 m/s dalam selang waktu 3
detik. Hitunglah percepatan motornya!
2. Sebuah bus Semarang—Solo bergerak dengan
kecepatan 72 km/jam. Ketika mendekati sebuah
perempatan lampu traffic light, sang sopir melihat
perubahan warna lampu dari warna hijau, kuning,
dan akhirnya merah. Jika perlambatan maksimal bus
4 m/s2, hitunglah waktu bus untuk berhenti agar
tidak melewati batas lampu traffic light di depannya!
 Latihan
1. Kecepatan suatu mobil balap bertambah secara
konstan dari 18,5 m/s menjadi 46,1 m/s dalam
waktu 2,47 sekon. Berapakah percepatan rata-
rata
2. Seorang pengendara sepeda berhenti dari
kecepatan 22,4 m/s setelah 2,55 sekon menekan
rem. Tentukan perlambatannya.nya?
 Hukum Newton

Hukum I Newton : “Benda yang dalam keadaan diam akan mempertahankan

keadaannya untuk tetap diam dan benda yang sedang bergerak lurus
beraturan akan cenderung mempertahankan keadaannya untuk bergerak
lurus beraturan dalam arah yang sama selama tidak ada gaya yang bekerja
padanya”.

Hukum II Newton:  “Percepatan sebuah benda yang diberi gaya adalah

sebanding dengan besar gaya dan berbanding terbalik dengan massa benda”

Dalam bentuk rumus hukum II Newton dapat dituliskan:

        
F=m.a
Bila gaya lebih dari satu     

        
F = gaya (N)
m = massa benda (kg)
a = percepatan benda (m/s2)
 Contoh Soal:
1. Sebuah mobil mempunyai massa 3.000 kg. Dari keadaan diam mulai bergerak setelah
12 detik kecepatan mobil mencapai 6 m/s. Hitunglah gaya yang bekerja pada mobil !
Penyelesaian:
Diketahui    :    m  = 3 000 kg
                        vo = 0 m/s 
                        vt = 6  m/s
                        t   = 12 s

Ditanyakan :     F  = …… ?

Jawab         :      Mencari percepatan (a)

            ∆v Mencari gaya (F)

a =  ---------              F=m.a
            Δt F = 3 000 kg . 0,5 m/s2
F = 1 500 N
       (6 – 0) m/s
a = ---------------              
       (12 – 0) s

a = 0,5 m/s2
 Types of acceleration
 There are three types of acceleration these are :
 Linear acceleration = change of speed in stright
line ( take off, landing, level flight).
 Angular acceleration = change in both speed and
direction, which happens is spins and climbing
turns.
 Radial acceleration = change in direction such as
when a pilot performs a sharp turn, dive.
 G Force
 During positive Gs, The weight of the body is
increased in direct proportion to the magnitude of
the force.

For Example :
On the ground, pilot weight : 200 found
Under 3G condition, pilot weight : 600 found
 Typical example of G-Force
Activities G- Force
Weightless environment to train Astronaut 0G
Standing on the earth at sea level 1G
High G roller coasters 3,5 - 6.3G
Formula 1 car 5
Fighter jet 9-12 G
Missile 100G
 Types of G force
 Three types G Forces acted in the body
include :
 Gx - transverse G (chest to the back)
Gy - Lateral G ( side to side)
Gz – Vertical G ( head to foot)
Gz is the most dangerous
+Gx -Gx
 Gx Force
Gx = is described as force acting in the body
from chest to back ( +Gx), from back to chest (-Gx)

 +Gx (positive) experienced during take off, this

is the force that pushed the pilot back in to the
seat as the craft accelerates.
 - Gx (negative) is encounter during landing this
force pushed the pilot forward into the
shoulder strap
Naval pilot flying from aircraft carriers feel the
extremes of Gx force. During take off, the aircraft
accelerates to 160mph in just under two seconds.
During landing will decelerate to a complete stop in
just a few feet.
 Gz - Force
Gz is a gravitational force that is applied to the
vertical axis of the body.

+Gz (positive) – from head to foot, this happen

when pilot pulls in to inside loop, pull out of a
dive or.
-Gz (negative) – from foot to head, this happen
when a pilot pushes over in to a dive.
 Gy force
 Gy, occur when pilot expose to acceleration
from side to side. From right to left +Gy, from
left to right -Gy.
 Gy,is encountered during aileron rolls, rudder
roll, vertical roll and uncontrolled aircraft.
(Aerobatic pilot)
Positive acceleration (+Gz)
Negative Acceleration -Gz
Physiological effects of High G forces
 Circulatory System & mental function is
greatly affected by changes in G forces.
The heart and cardiovascular system unable to
keep blood flowing to the brain and maintain
consciousness.
 Other effects a motion sickness &
disorientation.
 Effects of High Gz force
 In aircraft, g-force are often +Gz (positive) which force
blood towards the feet and away from the head;
 This causes problems with the eye and braind in
particular.
 As g- force is progressively increased the pilot may
experience:
Grey- out, where the loss of color vision
Balck- out, a loss of vision while consciousness is
maintained.
Death, if g-force are not quickly reduced, death can
occur
“Grey Out”&”Black out”
 A “Grey Out” , occurs when the body
experiences a positive (+Gz) force.
 Positive (+Gz) force causes blood flows from
the head to the lower parts of the body
 “Grey Out” makes a pilot loss of color vision.
o the eyes are extremely senditive to low blood flow &
the retina will not be supplied with adequate blood.
 At high +Gz force (5Gs), when no blood in
brain pilot will experience “Black out” and will
completely loss of vision.
“ G-Loc”

 G-LOC, G-force induced Loss Of

Consciousness (LOC),
 G-LOC term is to describe a loss of
consciousness due to excessive g-forces that
causes blood away from the brain.
 the condition is most likely to affect pilots of
high performance fighter and aerobatic
aircraft.
If you GLOC you may …
I have some tingling or numbness
I have a pleasant dream
I have realize that you GLOCed!
I be a little confused or disoriented
I be aware thet you have lost your hearing
“Read Out”
 A “Read Out” occurs when the body
experiences a negative(-Gz) force.
 -GZ force causes a blood flow from foot to the
head.
 When “Read Out” happen, pilot vision turns
red.
 This is ptobably because capicallaries in the
eyes burt under the increased blood pressure.
 “Read Out” are potentially dangerous and can
cause retinal damage.
Other Effect of G-force
 Breathing difficulties
 Heartbeat abnormalities
 Motion Sickness
 Fatigue
 Arm, Leg & Neck Pain
G-forces treatment
 Wearing the anti-G suites: this suite will
enhanance the blood flow to the brain.
 Apply special breating techniques, called as
“anti-G straining maneuver’’. This technique is
to prevent the blood from flow away from the
brain.
G-forces treatment
 A well-rested, hydrated, and fit aviator will
physically be able to withstand higher G forces
can enhance aviator performance in the high-G
environment.
 When an aviator is well hydrated, there is
more circulating volume in the blood stream,
and it is easier for the heart to keep the brain
with oxygen blood.
Effect of G-force may increase because
of….
 Fatigue
 Alcohol
 dehydration
 IIInes
 medication
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