Peta Kendali

ATRIBUT

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 1 Slide
 Control Chart Types

Continuous Numerical Categorical or Discrete

Data Control Numerical Data
Charts

Variables Attributes
Charts Charts

R X P C
Chart Chart Chart Chart

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 2 Slide
 Konsep
 Atribut : karakteristik kualitas yg sesuai spesifikasi
atau tidak

 Atribut dipakai jk ada pengukuran yg tidak mungkin

dilakukan ( tidak dibuat) spt : goresan,apel yg busuk,
kesalahan warna, ada bagian yg hilang

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 3 Slide
 Kelebihan
 Dapat diterapkan di semua tgkt organisasi ,
separtemen, pusat kerja dan mesin operasional (tgk
tertinggi – terendah)

 Membantu identifikasi permasalahan ( umum dan

detil)

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 4 Slide
 Kelemahan
 Tdk dapat diketahui sbrp jauh ketidaktepatan dg
spesifikasi tsb

 Ukuran sampel yg besar akan bermasalah jk

pengukurannya mahal dan destruktif

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 5 Slide
 Tipe Peta Kendali ATRIBUT
1. Berdasar Distribusi BINOMIAL
• Kelompok pengendali unit ketidaksesuaian
• Dinyatakan dalam proporsi (%)

p dan np Chart

• Menunjukkan proporsi ketidaksesuaian dalam

sampel / sub kelompok

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 6 Slide
2. Berdasar Distribusi POISSON
• bagian ketidaksesuaian dalam unit inspeksi
• Berkaitan dg kombinasi ketidaksesuaian berdasar
BOBOT yg dipengaruhi banyak sedikitnya
ketidaksesuaian

c- Chart dan u-chart

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 7 Slide
 Tahapan….
 Menentukan sasaran menentukan karakteristik
kualitasnya (ketidaksesuaian dalam proporsi atau
unit)
 Memilih tipe peta kendali atribut
 Banyaknya sampel dan observasi
 Pengumpulan data
 Penentuan BATAS KENDALI ( CL,UCL dan LCL)
 Interpretasi hasil (pola in/out of control)
 Revisi jika perlu

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 8 Slide
 p/np/c Chart Structure

p/np/c Upper Control Limit

UCL

Center Line Process Mean

When in Control

LCL

Time
Lower Control Limit

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 9 Slide
 Sampel SAMA…p chart
• Proporsi diketahui
• Garis Tengah = p¯
UCL p  p  3 p
LCL p  p  3 p

p( 1  p )
p
n

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 10Slide
 Sampel SAMA…p chart

• Proporsi TIDAK diketahui

m nomer sampel (vertikal)
 n ukuran sampel (horisontal)
 D bagian tidak sesuai
p¯ = ∑Di/(mn)
Garis Tengah = p¯

UCL p  p  3 p p( 1  p )
p
LCL p  p  3 p n

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 11Slide
 Sampel BEDA …
a. Metode INDIVIDU  Batas Kendali tergantung
ukuran sample tertentu shg BKA/BKB tidak
berupa garis LURUS

b. Metode RATA_RATA  Ukuran sampel RATA -

RATA dg perbedaan tidak terlalu besar
( n¯ = ∑n/observasi)

c. Peta Kendali TERSTANDAR dg GT=0 dan BK ± 3

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 12Slide
 np Chart

U
C
L
=n
p

3
n
p()
1p

L
C
L=
n
p
3
np
()
1p
assuming: np > 5
n(1-p) > 5
Note: If computed LCL is negative, set LCL = 0

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 13Slide
 c-chart dan u-chart
 Mengetahui banyaknya kesalahan unit produk sbg
sampel

 Sampel konstan  c-chart

 Sampel bervariasi  u-chart

 Aplikasi : bercak pd tembok, gelembung udara pd

gelas, kesalahan pemasangan sekrup pd mobil

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 14Slide
 C - chart

Number of defects per unit:

c¯ = ∑ ci / n
c  c
UCLc  c  3 c

LCLc  c  3 c
© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 15Slide
 U-chart
 u¯ = ∑ ci/n
 n ¯ = ∑ ni/g
g = banyaknya observasi

Model Individu
 BPA-u = u¯ + 3 √ (u¯ /ni)
 BPB-u = u¯ - 3 √ (u¯ /ni)

Model Rata-rata
 BPA-u = u¯ + 3 √ (u¯ /n¯)
 BPB-u = u¯ - 3 √ (u¯ /n¯)

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 16Slide
 Warning Conditions…..
Western Electric :
1. 1 titik diluar batas kendali ( 3σ)
2. 2 dr 3 titik berurutan diluar batas
kend17li (2σ)
3. 4 dr 5 titik berurutan jauh dari GT
(1σ)
4. 8 titik berurutan di satu sisi GT
5. Giliran panjang 7-8 titik
6. 1/beberapa titik dekat satu batas
kendali
7. Pola data TAK RANDOM

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 17Slide
 Patterns to Look for in Control Charts

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 18Slide
 Example………p-np chart

Twenty samples, each consisting of

250 checks, The number of defective
checks found in the 20 samples are
listed below.
(proporsi tidak diketahui)

Sim
Augon Says
usta
, ME
01 227

1150
0652 2655
9 25
4475 $
81
1445

4 1 5 3 2 7 4 5 2 3
2 8 5 3 6 4 2 5 3 6

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 19Slide
 Control Limits For a p Chart Sim
Aug on Says
usta
, ME
0122
7
11 50
06 5 2655
29 $
254
475
8 1 1
445

Estimated p = 80/((20)(250)) = 80/5000 = .016

 p
(
1

 
p
n
p).
0
16(
1

2
5
.
0
0
1
6).
0
15
 
2
5
7
4
4
0
.
00
79
3
6

U
C
L=
p
3.

p 0
1
6
3(
.
00
79
3
6)
.
03
98
0
8
L
C
L=
p
3
p.
01
6
3
(
.0
0
79
3
6)
-
.
00
78
0
8

0

Note that the

computed LCL
is negative.

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 20Slide
Tdk sesuai Proporsi Tdk sesuai Proporsi

4 (4/250) = 0,016 2 (2/250) = 0,008

1 (1/250) =0,004 8 (8/250) = 0,032
5 5
3 3
2 6
7 4
4 2
5 5
2 3
3 6

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 21Slide
 Control Limits For a p Chart Sim
Aug on Says
usta
, ME
0122
7
11 50
06 5 2655
29 $
254
475
8 1 1
445

p Chart for Norwest Bank

0.045
0.040
UCL
0.035
Sample Proportion p

0.030
0.025
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
LCL
0.000
0 5 10 15 20
Sample Number

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 22Slide
 Ukuran sampel sama = 50 ( p-chart)

no Banyak produk cacat no Banyak produk cacat

1 4 11 3
2 2 12 5
3 5 13 5
4 3 14 2
5 2 15 3
6 1 16 2
7 3 17 4
8 2 18 10
9 5 19 4
10 4 20 3

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 23Slide
 n =
 m =
 D =
 p¯ =
 BKA =
 BKB =
 Tabel proporsi untuk plot ke grafik

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 24Slide
 n = 50
 m = 20
 D = 72
 p¯ = 72 / (20.50) = .072
 p = √ (0,072)(0,928)/50 = .037
 BKA = 0,072 + 3(0,037) = 0,183
 BKB = 0,072 - 3(0,037) = -0,039 = 0
 Tabel proporsi untuk plot ke grafik

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 25Slide
 Ukuran sampel sama = 50 ( p-chart)

cacat proporsi cacat proporsi

4 (4/50 ) = 0,08 3
2 (2/50) = 0,04 5 (5/50) = 0,01
5 5
3 2
2 3
1 2
3 4 (10/50) = 0,20 (out) revisi
2 10 (4/50) = 0,08
5 4 (3/50) = 0,06
4 3

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 26Slide
 Revisi

 p¯ = (72-10) / (1000-50) = 62/950 = 0,065

 p = √ (0,065)(0,935)/50 = 0,035

 BKA = 0,065 + 3 (0,035) = 0.17

 BKB = 0,065 - 3 (0,035) = -0,04 = 0

 Grafiknya juga berubah

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 27Slide
 Ukuran sampel beda (p chart)

no sampel Produk cacat no sampel Produk cacat

1 200 14 11 190 15
2 180 10 12 380 26
3 200 17 13 200 10
4 120 8 14 210 14
5 300 20 15 390 24
6 250 18 16 120 15
7 400 25 17 190 18
8 180 20 18 380 19
9 210 30 19 200 11
10 380 15 20 180 12
Jml sampel 4860 Jml Cacat 341

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 28Slide
 Metode Rata-rata

 Sampel rata-rata
n¯ = total sampel /observasi
= 4860/20 = 243

p¯ = D/(n¯m)
= 341 / (243.20) = 0,07 (CL)
p = √ (0,07(0,93))/243 = 0,0164
BPAp = 0,07 + 3 (0,0164) = 0,119
BPBp = 0,07 - 3 (0,0164) = 0,021

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 29Slide
 Metode Individu

 Sampel rata-rata
n¯ = total sampel /observasi
= 4860/20 = 243
p ¯ = D/(n¯m)
= 341 / (243.20) = 0,07 (CL) semua titik sama
 BP (obs-1)
p = √ (0,07(0,93))/200 = 0,018
BPA = 0,07 + 3 (0,018) = 0,124
BPB = 0,07 - 3 (0,018) = 0,016……………….dst

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 30Slide
 Tabel Proporsi untuk Grafik
No observasi sampel cacat proporsi
1 200 14 0,070
2 180 10 0,055
3 200 17 0,085
4 120 8 0,067
5 300 20 …
6 250 18 …
7 400 25 …
8 180 20 …
9 210 30 …
10 380 15 …
11 190 15 …
12 380 26 …
13 200 10 …
14 210 14 …
15 390 24 …
16 120 15 …
17 190 18 0,095
18 380 19 0,050
19 200 11 0,055
20 180 12 0,067

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 31Slide
 Example…c-chart

no Byknya kesalahan no Byknya kesalahan

1 5 11 9
2 4 12 7
3 7 13 8
4 6 14 11
5 8 15 9
6 5 16 5
7 6 17 7
8 5 18 6
9 16 19 10
10 10 20 8

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 32Slide
 c¯ = ∑c/n = 152/20 = 7,6

 BPA c = (7, 6) + 3 (√7,6) = 15,87

 BPB c = (7, 6) - 3 (√7,6) = -0,67 = 0

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 33Slide
 Example…u-chart

no Sampel cacat no sampel cacat

1 20 5 11 30 9
2 30 14 12 25 16
3 25 8 13 25 12
4 15 8 14 25 10
5 25 12 15 10 6
6 10 6 16 20 8
7 20 20 17 20 5
8 15 10 18 10 5
9 15 6 19 30 14
10 25 10 20 20 8

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 34Slide
 Metode Rata-rata

 Sampel Rata-rata
u¯ = 192/415 = 0,462 (CL)
n¯ = 415/20 = 20,75

BPAu = (0,462) + 3 √ (0,462/20,75) = 0,906

BPBu = (0,462) - 3 √ (0,462/20,75) = 0,018

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 35Slide
 Metode Individu

 Sampel Rata-rata
u¯ = 192/415 = 0,462 (CL)
n¯ = 415/20 = 20,75

 Batas Kendali
 Observasi -1
BPA-1 = (0,462) + 3 √ (0,462/20) = 0,916
BPB-1 = (0,462) - 3 √ (0,462/20) = 0,008…….dst

© 2004
2005 Thomson/South-Western 36Slide