PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL

HIERARCHY (PDH)

Herman Tolle, ST., MT.

emang@brawijaya.ac.id

Teknik Elektro Unibraw

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Apa itu PDH ?

• Suatu sistem transmisi digital untuk

'komunikasi suara' dengan sistem
plesiochronous sinkronisasi, atau hampir
sinkronisasi.
• Dapat digunakan untuk transmisi data
• Terdiri dari banyak slot TDM (Time
Division Multiplexing) untuk
mengendalikan dan untuk berbagi sumber
daya jalur transmisi.

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY

• Efisiensi transmisi data maupun sinyal

digital, digunakan Multiplexing
• Multiplexing in PDH use signal PCM
• Plesiochronous means almost
synchronous (same bit rate but not
synchronized to a common master
clock).

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Plesiochronous
• plesiochronous
berasal dari bahasa
Yunani
• plesio = dekat
• chronos = waktu

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Standard PDH
• The standard for PDH

Level North America Japan International

1 1.544 Mbps 1.544 Mbps 2.048 Mbps

(T1/DS1) (J1) (E1)
2 6.312 Mbps 6.312 Mbps 8.448 Mbps
(DS2) (J2) (E2)
3 44.736 Mbps 32.064 Mbps 34.368 Mbps
(DS3) (J3) (E3)
4 139.264 Mbps 97.728 Mbps 139.264 Mbps
(DS4) (J4) (E4)

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JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
Hirarki PDH

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

Configuration of PDH

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
• CCITT merekomendasi bahwa untuk multiplex
digital orde dua dibentuk dengan
menggabungkan empat buah output PCM 30
• Kapasitas kanal multiplexing digital orde II
adalah 120 kanal.
• Proses penggabungan pada PCM 30 dilaksanakan
dengan word Interleaving, sedangkan pada
multiplex digital orde II dan selanjutnya dengan
bit interleaving.

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

Line Coding for High Rate PDH

• ITU-T G.703 specifies HDB3 as a line coding for

8M and 34M.
• CMI (Coded Mark Inversion) is the line coding
for 139.264 Mbps as well as for 155 Mbps (STM-1
eletrical, SDH).
• HDB3 (High Density Bipolar-3) which basically
means that you see a signal with high density of
pulses. No more than three consecutive zeroes
will be found when this type of line coding is
used.

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

The configuration in PDH

• 1st level:
input 30 canal PCM 30
One canal have bit rate 64
Kbps
Output : bit rate 2,048 Mbps

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• 2nd Level
Input multiplexing 4 canal
from 1st level
same with 120 canal
Output : Bit Rate 8,448 Mbps

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• 3rd level
Input : Multiplexing 4 canal from
2nd level
Same with 480 canal
Output: Bit rate 34,368 Mbps

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

• 4th level
Input Multiplexing 4 canal from 3rd
level
Same with 1920 canal
Output : Bit rate 139,264 Mbps

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Network of PDH in Network Telecommunications

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Frame Structure 2 Mbps

• Consist of multi frame with 16

frame
• Each frame consist of 32 time slot
• Each time slot (8 bit) for one canal
(64 kbps)

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Frame Structure 2 Mbps

Frame structure Bit number

Set 1
Frame alignment signal 1 to 8
Alarm indicator 9/B3
Multi frame alignment signal 1 to 4

Multi frame length 4096 bits

Frame length 256 bits
Bit per tributary 8 bits

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Frame Structure 8 Mbps

• Output from level 2

• One signal 8 Mbps consist of 4 set and each
set consist of 264 bit (212), this signal
consist of 1056 bit (848)
• Bit 1 – 10 is frame synchronization
1111010000
• Bit 11 and 12 for remote alarm
• Justification control bit in bit 213-216 , 425-
428, 637-640
• Justification bit in bit 641-644
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Frame Structure 8 Mbps

Frame structure Bit number

Set 1
Frame alignment signal 1 to 10
Alarm indicator 11
Bit reserved 12
Bit from tributaries 13 to 264
Set II
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries 5 to 264

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JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
Frame Structure 8 Mbps

Frame structure Bit number

Set III
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries 5 to 264
Set IV
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries available for Justification 5 to 8
Bits from tributaries 9 to 264
Frame length 1056 bits
Bit per tributary 206 bits
Maximum Justification rate per tributary 10 Kbps

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JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
Soal Latihan 1.

Jika panjang 1 frame = 1056 bit, Bit Rate

8,448 Mbps
1. Hitung berapa jumlah frame yang
dibutuhkan dalam 1 detik!
2. Hitung berapa lebar satu frame (dalam
detik)!
3. Hitung berapa clock sinkronisasinya
(dalam clock/detik atau Hertz)!

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Jawaban Soal Latihan 1

• Bit rate = 8,448 Mbit/dtk =>

Jumlah bit per detik = 8.448.000 bit
1. Jumlah frame = (jumlah bit / dtk)
panjang frame
= 8.448.000 / 1056 = 8000 frame
2. Lebar frame = (1/8000) dtk = 0,125 ms
3. Clock = 8000 frame / detik = 8000 Hz

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Frame Structure 34 Mbps

• Output from level 3

• One signal 34 Mbps consist of 4 set and
each set consist of 384 bit, this signal
consist of 1536 bit
• Bit 1 – 10 is frame synchronization
1111010000
• Bit 11 and 12 for remote alarm
• Justification control bit in bit 1157 –
1160

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Frame Structure 34 Mbps

Frame structure Bit number

Set 1
Frame alignment signal 1 to 10
Alarm indicator 11
Bit reserved 12
Bit from tributaries 13 to 348

Set II
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries 5 to 384

Set III
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries 5 to 384

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Frame Structure 34 Mbps

Frame structure Bit number

Set IV
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries available for Justification 5 to 8
Bits from tributaries
9 to 384
Frame length 1536 bits
Bit per tributary 378 bits
Maximum Justification rate per tributary 22375 Kbps

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JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
Soal Latihan 2

Jika panjang 1 frame = 1536 bit,

1. Hitung berapa jumlah frame yang
dibutuhkan dalam 1 detik!
2. Hitung berapa lebar satu frame (dalam
detik)!
3. Hitung berapa clock sinkronisasinya
(dalam Hertz)!
4. Hitung berapa lebar satu bit

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

Jawaban Soal Latihan 2

• Bit rate = 34,368 Mbit/dtk =>

Jumlah bit per detik = 34.368.000 bit
1. Jumlah frame = (jumlah bit / dtk)
panjang frame
= 34.368.000 / 1536 = 22375 frame
2. Lebar frame = (1/22375) dtk = 0,0447
ms
3. Clock = 22375 frame / detik = 22375 Hz

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Frame Structure 140 Mbps
• Output from level 4
• One signal 140 Mbps consist of 6 set and each
set consist of 488 bit, this signal consist of
2928 bit
• Bit 1 – 12 is frame synchronization word
11110100000
• Bit 13, 14, 15 and 16 for remote alarm
• Justification control bit in bit 489-492, 977-
980, 1465-1468, 1953-1956, 2441-2444
• Justification bit in bit 2445-2448

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Frame Structure 140 Mbps
Frame structure Bit number

Set 1
Frame alignment signal 1 to 12
Alarm indicator 13
Bit reserved 14 to 16
Bit from tributaries 17 to 488
Set II to V
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries 5 to 488

JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw

Frame Structure 140 Mbps
Frame structure Bit number

Set VI
Justification control bit 1 to 4
Bits from tributaries available for Justification 5 to 8
Bits from tributaries 9 to 488
Frame length 2928 bits
Bit per tributary 723 bits
Maximum Justification rate per tributary 47563 Kbps

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JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
JARINGAN DIGITAL PELAYANAN TERPADU Teknik Elektro Unibraw
Soal Latihan 3

Jika panjang 1 frame = 2928 bit,

1. Hitung berapa jumlah frame yang
dibutuhkan dalam 1 detik!
2. Hitung berapa lebar satu frame (dalam
detik)!
3. Hitung berapa clock sinkronisasinya
(dalam Hertz)!

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Jawaban Soal Latihan 3

Bit rate = 139,264 Mbit/dtk =>

Jumlah bit per detik = 139.264.464 bit
1. Jumlah frame = (jumlah bit / dtk)
panjang frame
= 139.264.464 / 2928 = 47563 frame
2. Lebar frame = (1/ 47563) dtk = 0,021 ms
3. Clock = 47563 frame / detik = 47563 Hz

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Disadvantages of PDH

• PDH do not synchronize network, PDH

use clock pulse
• ability the transmission component
which to one service type, in general
telephone service
• service of PDH unable to fulfill
requirement of multimedia
telecommunications

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Kelemahan PDH

• Tidak ada standard dunia pada format digital

(tiga standard regional tidak cocok /
bertentangan satu dengan yang lain yaitu Eropa,
Amerika utara dan Jepang).
• Tidak ada standard dunia untuk alat
penghubung guna menghubungkannya dengan
jaringan dunia dan tidak bisa menggunakan
serat optik.?
• struktur terdiri dari banyak bagian tak serempak
• Kemampuan manajemen yang terbatas

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Pemetaan PDH ke SDH /Sonet dengan
virtual conection

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Hirarki PDH vs SDH

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