D3 TEKNIK SIPIL

BAHAN BANGUNAN
AIR

RIO MARPEN, S.T., M.Eng.

Jurusan Teknik Sipil

Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
Learning Outcomes
01 Mampu menjelaskan persyaratan air untuk beton

Mampu menjelaskan pengaruh zat-zat yang terkandung

02
dalam air terhadap beton
AIR ?
Air diperlukan untuk pembuatan beton
bertulang agar terjadi reaksi hidrasi dan
digunakan untuk membasahi agregat

Fungsi Air pada beton mempunyai adalah se-

bagai pengencer dan pereaksi, agar cairan
beton dapat padat dan mengisi ruang-ruang
sehingga membentuk cetakan
 PERANAN DAN TUJUAN
Peranan air dalam campuran
beton
Air mempunyai peranan
yang cukup penting dalam
pembuatan beton, karena
berpengaruh terhadap sifat-
sifat
beton, sifat-sifat yang
berpengaruh adalah kemu-
dahan pengerjaan (worka-
bility) dan
penyusutan
Tujuan penggunaan air
Pemakaian air adalah untuk
proses hidrasi, yaitu reaksi an-
tara semen dan air yang meng-
hasilkan campuran keras setelah
beberapa waktu tertentu.
Setelah pengecoran air juga
berguna untuk
perawatan (curing) guna men-
jamin proses pengerasan yang
sempurna.
 Semen Non Hidrolik

Semen non hidrolik tidak dapat mengikat dan mengeras di dalam

air, tetapi dapat mengeras di udara

Contoh : Kapur

Semen Hidrolik

Semen hidrolik mempunyai kemampuan

Jenis Semen untuk mengikat dan mengeras di dalam
air

Contoh : Semen pozzolan, semen terak,

semen alam, semen portland
 BIG CONCEPT
Bring the attention of your audience over a key concept
using icons or illustrations

6
 BAHAN MINERAL SEMEN
Lime CaO dari batu kapur
(Limestone)

Silica (SiO2) dari clay

Alumina (Al2O3) dari clay

 SEMEN HIDROLIK
JENIS
SEMEN POZOLAN
Semen pozzolan adalah bahan ikat yang
mengandung silika amorf, yang apabila
dicampur dengan kapur akan membentuk
benda padat yang keras. Bahan yang
mengandung pozzolan adalah teras, semen
merah, abu terbang, dan bubuk terak tanur
tinggi.
Contoh penggunaan :semua tujuan
pembuatan adukan beton
SEMEN TERAK
Semen terak adalah semen hidrolik yang sebagian
besar terdiri dari suatu campuran seragam serta
kuat dari terak tanur kapur tinggi dan kapur tohor.
Sekitar 60% beratnya berasal dari terak tanur
tinggi
SEMEN ALAM
Semen alam dihasilkan melalui pembakaran
batu kapur yang mengandung lempung pada
suhu lebih rendah dari suhu pengerasan. Hasil
pembakaran kemudian digiling menjadi serbuk
halus.
SEMEN PORTLAND
Semen portland adalah bahan konstruksi yang
paling banyak digunakan dalam pekerjaan
beton. Semen portland didefinisikan sebagai
semen hidrolik yang dihasilkan dengan
menggiling klinker yang terdiri dari kalsium
silikat hidrolik
 TIPE SEMEN PORTLAND
Berkaitan dengan keawetan (durability) beton, semen dibagi menjadi 5 tipe

Semen Semen
Semen Semen Semen
Tipe 2 Tipe 3 Tipe 5
Tipe 1 Tipe 4
Digunakan untuk Beton yang dihasilkan Semen ini cocok untuk
Semen biasa (normal) pencegahan terhadap Beton yang dibuat akan beton yang menahan
mempunyai waktu
digunakan untuk beton yang serangan sulfat dari memberikan panas serangan sulfat
perkerasan yang cepat
tidak dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, seperti hidrasi rendah, cocok dengan kadar tinggi
(high early strength)
lingkungan, seperti sulfat, untuk struktur bawah untuk pekerjaan beton Contoh : bangunan
perbedaan suhu yang tanah massal dan kondisi instalasi, pengolahan
Contoh : jalan beton,
ekstrim. Contoh : dermaga, cuaca limbah plabrik, konstrukis
landasan lapangan
Contoh : gedung, jembatan, bendungan, bangunan dalam air, jembatan
udara, bangunan tingkat panas
jalan raya ditanah berawa, bergmabut terowongan, dermaga
tinggi
PROSES PEMBUATAN SEMEN
SEMEN PORTLAND

PROSES BASAH
sebelum dibakar bahan
dicampur dengan air (slurry)
dan digiling hingga berupa Bubur halus yang dihasilkan
bubur halus selanjutnya dimasukkan Pada suhu sekitar 1400C,
dalam oven berbentuk berlangsung permulaan
silinder yang dipasang perpaduan di daerah
miring (ciln). pembakaran, di mana akan
terbentuk klinker yang terdiri
dari senyawa kalsium silikat
dan kalsium aluminat. Klinker
tersebut selanjutnya
didinginkan, kemudian
dihaluskan menjadi butir halus
dan ditambah dengan bahan
gipsum.
PROSES PEMBUATAN SEMEN
SEMEN PORTLAND

PROSES KERING

Proses kering
biasanya digunakan
untuk jenis batuan Pada proses ini
yang lebih keras bahan dicampur dan Selanjutnya, bahan
misalnya untuk batu digiling dalam tersebut dimasukkan
kapur jenis shale keadaan kering ke dalam ciln dan
menjadi bubuk kasar proses selanjutnya
sama dengan proses
basah.
 Pengeboran

Proporsi campuran dalam bin

Pengupasan overurden Penggudangan dan
Pengangkutan Instalasi pemecah
Penggalian bahan baku (limestone, pencampuran (Storage
(Hauling) batu (crusher stone)
biji besi, pasir, lempung) and Blending)

Penggalian dan pencampuran bahan baku (quarring and blending of ram material)
Limestone
Penyimpanan bahan Pencampuran kering dan Iron ore
Penggilingan
dasar (ground raw pencampuran dalam silo (dry
(Roller Mill) Sand
material atau shale) mixing and blending silo)
Clay

Proporsi dan penggilingan bahan baku (proportioning and fine grinding of raw materials)

Pendinginan klinker Penyimpanan klinker

Preheater Kiln
(cooling clinker) (clinker storage)

Grinding mill
Sistem kiln, pembakaran, pendinginan, dan penyimpanan klinker
(kiln, preheating, burning, cooling and clinker storage)
Pendistribusian
melalui capsule truck
Penyimpanan semen Penggilingan Penambahan gipsum
(bulk storage) (grinding mill) (gypsum added)
Semen zak Packing plants

Penggilingan akhir dan pendistribusian (finishing grinding and shipping)

Proses Pabrikasi Semen

Our process is easy

Bakar di Clinker dingin

CaO, SiO2 dan rotary clin dihaluskan (specific
Al2O3, + Air / suhu  surface)  3150
bahan kering 1400C cm2/gr, + gypsum
membentuk sebagai control
1,5 mm - 50 waktu ikat (setting
(Slurry)
(clinker) time)

13
 SIFAT SEMEN
SIFAT FISIK
1 7
Kehalusan butir Kekuatan

6
2
Kepadatan Keutuhan

3
4 5
Konsistensi Waktu Panas hidrasi
pengikatan
 Sifat Fisik

01 Kehalusan Butiran 02 Kepadatan atau berat jenis (density)

Kehalusan butiran semen
mempengaruhi proses hidrasiWaktu
pengikatan
(setting time) menjadi semakin lama
jika butir semen lebih kasar.
Kehalusan butir semen yang tinggi
dapat mengurangi terjadinya
bleeding atau naiknya air ke
permukaan,
tetapi menambah kecenderungan
beton untuk menyusut lebih banyak
dan mempermudah terjadinya retak
susut. Untuk mengukur kehalusan
butit semen digunakan turbidimeter
dari Wagner atau air permeability dari
Blaine.
Berat jenis semen yang disyaratkan oleh ASTM
adalah 3,15 Mg/m3. kepadatan akan
berpengaruh pada proporsi semen dalam
campuran. Menurut ASTM C-188, untuk
pengujian berat jenis dapat dilakukan
menggunakan Le Chatelier Flask.
03 Konsistensi
Konsistensi semen portland berpengaruh pada
saat pencampuran awal, yaitu pada saat terjadi
pengikatan sampai pada saat beton mengeras.
Konsistensi yang terjadi tergantung pada rasio
antara semen dan air serta kehalusan dan
kecepatan hidrasi
 Sifat Fisik
04 Waktu pengikatan
(setting time)
Waktu ikat adalah waktu yang diperlukan
semen untuk mengeras, terhitung mulai
bereaksi dengan air dan menjadi pasta semen
hingga pasta semen cukup kaku untuk
menahan tekanan. Pengujian waktu ikat
bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah air yang
dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan pasta dengan
konsistensi normal
Waktu Ikat dibagi 2 :
• Waktu ikat awal (initial setting time) yaitu
waktu dari pencampuran semen dengan air
menjadi pasta semen hingga hilangnya sifat
plastis.
• Waktu ikat akhir (final setting time) yaitu
waktu antara terbentuknya pasta semen
hingga beton mengeras
05 Panas Hidrasi
Panas hidrasi adalah panas yang terjadi pada
saat semen bereaksi dengan air, yang
dipengaruhi oleh jenis semen yang dipakai dan
kehalusan butir semen
06 Keutuhan
Keutuhan pada pasta semen yang telah
mengeras merupakan suatu ukuran yang
menyatakan kemampuan pengembangan
bahan-bahan campurannya dan kemampuan
untuk mempertahankan volume setelah
pengikatan terjadi
07 Keutuhan

Pengujian kekuatan semen dilakukan

dengan cara membuat mortar semen pasir.
Pengujian kekuatan dapat berupa uji
tekan, tarik dan lentur.
ASTM C 109-80 mensyaratkan pengujian
kuat tekan pada campuran semen-pasir
dengan proporsi 1 : 2,75 dan rasio air-
semen
0,485.
Contoh semen yang akan diuji dicampur
dengan pasir silika dengan perbandingan
tertentu, kemudian dibentuk menjadi
kubus-kubus berukuran 5 cm x 5 cm x 5
cm. Setelah berumur 3, 7, 14, 21 dan 28
hari dan mengalami perawatan dengan
perendaman, benda uji tersebut diuji
kekuatannya.
ANY QUES-
TIONS?
FEEL FREE TO ASK
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