ORGANIZING AND
VISUALIZING VARIABLES
Session 2
Learning Objectives
Tabel 2.1
Bagaimana Orang
Membayar Pembelian
dan Transaksi Lainnya
Berdasarkan Kolom
91 78 93 57 75 52 99 80 97 62
71 69 72 89 66 75 79 75 72 76
104 74 62 68 97 105 77 65 80 109
85 97 88 68 83 68 71 69 67 74
62 82 98 101 79 105 79 69 62 73
• Rumus untuk menghitung jumlah kelas
k=1+3,3 log n
• Rumus untuk menghitung interval kelas/lebar kelas
Rating Frequency 9
Poor 2 8
Below 3 Frequency 7
Average
6
Average 5
5
Above 9 4
Average
3
Excellent 1
2
TOTAL 20
1
Rating
Poor Below AverageAbove Excellent
Average Average
2. Pie Chart
Quality Ratings
3. Pareto Chart
2.24 An online survey of CFA Institute members was conducted to gather feedback on market
sentiment, performance, and market integrity issues in October 2014. Members were asked to
indicate the most needed action to improve investor trust and market integrity. The survey
results were as follows:
18
16
14
Frequency
12
10
8
6
4
2 Parts
Cost ($
50 60 70 80 90 100 110
3. Percentage Polygon
Bagan ini menggunakan titik tengah setiap interval kelas untuk mewakili data
setiap kelas dan kemudian memplot titik tengah pada persentase kelas masing-
masing sebagai titik pada garis sepanjang sumbu X.
– cumulative frequencies, or
– cumulative relative frequencies, or
Number of Funds
300
250
100
2. Choose insert – bar 50
icon. 0
Low Average High