Group 4 - Chapter 5 Time Value of Money
Group 4 - Chapter 5 Time Value of Money
Tahun Tahun
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100
Cash 1 Cash 2 Cash 3 Cash 4 Cash 5 Cash 1 Cash 2 Cash 3 Cash 4 Cash 5
Pembayaran 1 Pembayaran 2 Pembayaran 3 Pembayaran 4 Pembayaran 5 Pembayaran 1 Pembayaran 2 Pembayaran 3 Pembayaran 4 Pembayaran 5
Present Value of Annuity
• Adalah nilai sekarang dari sebuah pembayaran berkala dalam jumlah yang sama dengan jatuh
tempo di akhir periode pembayaran
[ ]
−𝑡
1 − (1 + 𝑟 )
𝑃𝑉𝐴= 𝐶
𝑟
Present Value of Annuity Case
• Kangaroo Autos offers you an installment for a car. The payment is $8,000 each year in 3 years
long. With the interest rate at 10%. The present value is?
𝑃𝑉𝐴= 𝐶 [ 1 − (1 + 𝑟 )− 𝑡
𝑟 ]
[ ]
−3
1 − (1+ 0.10 )
𝑃𝑉𝐴= 8,000
0.10
𝑃𝑉𝐴= $ 19,894.82
Present Value of Annuity Due (PVAD)
• Adalah nilai sekarang dari sebuah pembayaran berkala dalam jumlah yang sama dengan jatuh
tempo di awal periode pembayaran
[ ]
−𝑡
1 −(1 +𝑟 )
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝐷= 𝐶 x (1 +r )
𝑟
Present Value of Annuity Due Case
• Kangaroo Autos offers you an installment for a car. The payment is $8,000 each year in 3 years
long. With the interest rate at 10%. What is the present value if you pay at the beginning of the
year?
[ ]
−𝑡
1 − (1 +𝑟 )
𝑃𝑉𝐴= 𝐶 x (1 +r )
𝑟
[ ]
−3
1 − (1+ 0.10)
𝑃𝑉𝐴= 8,000 x (1+ 0.10 )
0.10
𝑃𝑉𝐴= $ 21,884.302
Future Value of Annuity
• Adalah nilai masa depan dari sebuah pembayaran berkala dalam jumlah yang sama dengan jatuh
tempo di akhir periode pembayaran
[ ]
𝑡
(1 + 𝑟 ) − 1
𝐹𝑉𝐴𝐷 =𝐶
𝑟
Future Value of Annuity Case
• Suppose you believe you will need to accumulate $500,000 by your retirement date in order to
support your desired standard of living. How much savings each year would be necessary to
produce $500,000 at the end of 50 years? Let’s say that the interest rate is 10% per year.
[ ]
𝑡
(1 +𝑟 ) − 1
𝐹𝑉𝐴𝐷 =𝐶
𝑟
[ ]
50
(1.10 ) − 1
500,000 =𝐶
0.10
500,000
𝐶=
1,163.91
𝐶 = $ 429.59
Future Value of Annuity Due (FVAD)
• Adalah nilai masa depan dari sebuah pembayaran berkala dalam jumlah yang sama dengan jatuh
tempo di awal periode pembayaran
[ ]
𝑡
(1 +𝑟 ) − 1
𝐹𝑉𝐴𝐷 =𝐶 x (1 +r )
𝑟
Future Value of Annuity Due (FVAD) Case
• From previous example, it showed that an annual savings stream of $429.59 invested for 50 years
at 10% a year would satisfy a savings goal of $500,000. Suppose, you made these investments at
the beginning of each year rather than at the end. How much would these savings amount to by
the end of year 50?
[ ]
−𝑡
1 −(1+𝑟 )
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝐷= 𝐶 x (1+r )
𝑟
[ ]
− 50
1−(1+0.1)
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝐷= $ 429.59 x (1+0.1)
0.1
𝑃𝑉𝐴𝐷=$ 550,000
Future Value of Annuity Due (FVAD) Case
• If you invest $1,000 at the beginning of each month for 5 years at 10%, your money will be
worth?
[ ]
𝑡
(1+𝑟 ) − 1
𝐹𝑉𝐴𝐷=𝐶 x (1+r )
𝑟
[ ]
5 x 12
(1+0.1/ 12) −1
𝐹𝑉𝐴𝐷=$ 1,000 x (1+ 0.1/ 12)
0.1 /12
1+8 % 1+8 %
1+𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒= 1+𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒=
1+0 % 1+5 %
1.08 1.08
1+𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒= 1+𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒=
1 1.05
Method 1 Method 2
• Find the real value/real cash flow of $100 by looking for the PV using
inflation rate 7%
$ 100
1 𝑃𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑠h 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 =
𝑃𝑉 =$ 100 1.07 $93.46
(1+ 0.1 )1
$ 100 • Find the real interest rate
𝑃𝑉 = $90.91
1.10