Teks Cerita

Sejarah:
struktur teks cerita
sejarah

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Definisi Teks Cerita Sejarah

Teks cerita sejarah

adalah naskah
cerita/narasi rekaan
yang mengandung
unsur-unsur sejarah

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 Kategori Novel Ulang

Rekon Pribadi
Novel yang memuat
kejadian dan penulisnya
terlibat secara langsung

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 Kategori Novel Ulang

Rekon Faktual
Novel yang memuat
kejadian faktual seperti
eksperimen ilmiah, laporan
polisi, dan lain-lain

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 Kategori Novel Ulang

Rekon Imajinatif
Novel yang memuat kisah
faktual yang dikhayalkan
dan diceritakan secara lebih
rinci

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 Ciri-ciri Teks Cerita Sejarah

• Menampilkan masa lalu

• Disajikan secara kronologis
• Menggunakan konjungsi
temporal
• Fakta , fiksi

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 Jenis-jenis Teks Cerita Sejarah

• Berdasarkan fakta
• Teks cerita sejarah
fiksi

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 Fungsi Teks Cerita sejarah

Fungsi Rekreatif
Memberikan hiburan bagi
pembaca.

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 Fungsi Teks Cerita sejarah

Fungsi Inspiratif
Membuat pembaca
terinspirasi/termotivasi

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Fungsi Teks Cerita sejarah

Fungsi Edukatif
Sebagai media
pendidikan

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 Fungsi Teks Cerita sejarah

Fungsi Instruktif
Instruksi membangun kebijakan
negara

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Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

1. Orientasi (pengenalan)
Pengarang memperkenalkan setting
cerita (waktu, tempat, peristiwa)

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 Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

2. Pengungkapan peristiwa
Disajikan peristiwa awal yang
menimbulkan berbagai masalah,
pertentangan, ataupun kesukaran.

Elegía a Ramón Sijé. El rayo que no cesa

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Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

3. Menuju konflik
Peningkatan perhatian kegembiraan,
kehebohan, atau kesukaran bagi
tokoh

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 Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

4. Puncak konflik (klimaks)

Bagian paling mendebarkan yang
menentukan perubahan nasib beberapa
tokoh

Elegía a Ramón Sijé. El rayo que no cesa

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Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

5. Penyelesaian (resolusi)
Penjelasan tentang nasib-nasib yang
dialami tokoh setelah puncak
konflik

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 Struktur Teks Cerita Sejarah

6. Koda
Komentar terhadap keseluruhan isi
cerita, yang disampaikan langsung oleh
pengarang atau diwakili oleh tokohnya.

Elegía a Ramón Sijé. El rayo que no cesa

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 First home

Miguel Hernández Sánchez Concepción Gilabert Giner

Miguel Hernández Encarnación Hernández

Vicente Hernández Gilabert Elvira Hernández Gilabert
Gilabert Gilabert

He was born at 80 Antonio Piniés Street, better known

as San Juan Street because the was a convent of that
name. He was the third child of Vicente Hernández
and Concepción Gilabert. Seven children were born in
that house, although unfortunately three sisters died
Orihuela very young. At that time it was not easy to live!

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Exercises about the poem “En cuclillas, ordeño”

● What do you think "el tisú" means? Before looking it up,

try to imagine what it could be with the help of the
following verse
● Why do you think it says "(Me lame otra cabra, y bala)"?
How and with whom do you show affection?
● Create a drawing with the materials you want to represent
the poem

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 The school of Santo Domingo
The house, in addition to the
aforementioned space, was located at the
back of the mountain range and next to
the school of Santo Domingo. Hernández
attended his classes free of charge, since
he was a very good student and also
helped his father in the shepherding work
and distributed milk from the goats in the
neighborhood. At that time, children
worked hard and few of them studied
Contar sus años no sabe,
y ya sabe que el sudor
es una corona grave
de sal para el labrador.

El niño yuntero. Cancionero y romancero de ausencias

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Child labor at the time of the early 20th century

Miguel Hernández did not like children working. In the same vein " El hijo del pobre" begins thus:
He wanted children to study and learn in order to
progress in life. Writings like "El niño Flores" who,
Al hijo del rico se le deba a escoger títulos y
exhausted by work, is overcome by sleep and falls
carreras; al hijo del pobre siempre se le ha
into the sènia -which is a water wheel moved by
obligado a ser el mulo de carga de todos los
animals-. The oxen, on hearing the noise of the
oficios.
child falling, run scared, moving the blades of the
waterwheel faster, breaking his bones

Me duermo. Tengo sueño… Tengo sueño porque

hace mi padre que me levante muy temprano…
¡tan temprano! Para ayudarle en sus trabajos…
¿Por qué he de trabajar? Tengo siete años…

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 Madrid

Our poet outgrew Orihuela and decided to try his

luck in the capital of Spain. He had no luck on his
first trip and, after asking for money from friends
and even the town hall -which approved to give him
Madrid 50 pesetas (30 euro cents) but did not send it to
him-, he returned to Orihuela by train. The anecdote
of the return was that he took someone else's ticket
because he had no money and the Guardia Civil
arrested him, mistreated him and accused him of
Orihuela impersonation. A disaster!

But it was not all sorrows. His first book "Perito en

lunas" was published in Murcia and he made new
friendships that had a profound influence on him:
Pablo Neruda and Vicente Aleixandre

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Civil War in Spain. From poet-farmer to poet-
soldier

In July 1936, the Spanish Civil War began between

the Republican and Nationalist sides, supported by
Nazi Germany and the dictator Mussolini's Italy. It
lasted three years, during which Miguel Hernandez
engaged in frenetic literary and political activity.
He traveled to Russia, married Josefina Manresa,
had two children (the first one died when he was 10
months old), participated in the Pedagogical
Missions... At his wedding he received a gift from
his friend Vicente Aleixandre, a gold watch that,
later and to his misfortune, would help him to get
arrested

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 Books from the period of the
Civil War
He published two books during this stage: "Viento
del pueblo" (dedicated to Vicente Aleixandre) and
"El hombre acecha" (dedicated to Pablo Neruda).
The titles of both books are significant, the first
being optimistic and the second more negative. He
created many poems during this period, for
example "Vientos del pueblo me llevan", "El niño
yuntero", "Aceituneros", "Las manos", "El sudor",
"Canción del esposo soldado", "El tren de los
heridos", "Canción última"...

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 Leave no man to himself

In a letter, published on November 14, 1937, Miguel sintiera más solo… Le eché sobre mis espaldas; el
Hernandez explains what happened to him in an calor de su sangre golpeó mi piel como un martillo
escape to Madrid, as bombs were besieging them: doloroso. “¡No hay nadie quien te deje solo!”, le
grité. Me arrastré con él hasta donde quisieron las
pocas fuerzas que me quedaban. Cuando ya no pude
...En medio del fragor de la huida… me hirió de más le recosté en la tierra, me arrodillé a su lado y
arriba abajo este grito: “¡Me dejáis solo, le repetí muchas veces: “¡No hay quien te deje solo,
compañeros!” Una bala rasgó por el hombro compañero!”.
izquierdo mi chaqueta de pana, que conservaré
mientras viva, y las explosiones de los morteros me
cegaban y me hacían escupir tierra. “¡Me dejáis
solo, compañeros!”... orienté mis pasos hacia el
grito, y encontré un herido que sangraba como si su
cuerpo fuera una fuente generosa. “¡Me dejáis solo,
compañeros!” Le ceñí mi pañuelo, mis vendas, la
mitad de mi ropa. Le abracé para que no se

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 Prison
In October of '38 his first son died. He was
heartbroken. The war came to an end with the
victory of the national side in early 39. Staying in
Spain was not safe for Miguel Hernandez and his
family, so he decided to emigrate to Portugal.
Hunger pursued him and he sold the suit he was
wearing and the gold watch that Aleixandre had
given him for his wedding. The person who bought
the watch thought it was stolen and denounced
him. He began a pilgrimage from prison to prison

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 Cancionero y romancero de ausencias

Miguel Hernández was sentenced to death, which was commuted to

life imprisonment in an "act of generosity". He was sentenced to 30
years in prison for defending his ideas! He went through many
hardships. His wife wrote him a letter that motivated the famous
poem " Nanas de la cebolla" in which he mentioned that he fed only
on those onions. But not only did he write that poem, he wrote a
whole book in a notebook he carried (even on toilet paper) that was
published after his death: "Cancionero y romancero de ausencias"

In it there are very sad poems like "Tristes guerras", "Ropas con su
olor", "Llegó con tres heridas", "Nanas de la cebolla"...

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 Death
After passing through several prisons, in June 1941,
he arrived at the Reformatory for Adults in Alicante,
Spain, where some friends tried to reduce his
sentence, but for that to happen, Miguel had to
disavow his political thoughts, which he refused to
do. He was faithful to his values

Our poet, sick and without medical treatment, agreed

to marry Josefina in church 24 days before his death,
since Franco's laws did not recognize civil marriage
and his son and his wife would have been left
destitute

On March 28, 1942, he died in the infirmary of

tuberculosis, pneumosis and typhus at the age of 31

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Fragment from “Nanas de la cebolla”

I hope we have awakened your desire to read a poem

by Miguel Hernández, and that you will be able to
understand him better knowing what his life was
like. We say goodbye with a verse from "Nanas de la
cebolla" that he dedicated to his son

No te derrumbes.
No sepas lo que pasa
ni lo que ocurre.

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