Tugas :
Pemilihan reaktor
Jenis reaktor
Fase
Suhu
Tekanan
Operasi
Sistem pendingin
Katalis
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Asumsi :
1. Reaksi order dua.
2. Bahan baku masuk reaktor dengan perbandingan sedikit di atas stoikiometri dimana jumlah
oksigen 1,5 kali jumlah oksigen yang diperlukan.
3. yang menentukan kecepatan reaksi overall adalah kecepatan reaksi dan kecepatan transfer
massa.
4. Senyawa Cobalt Asetat tidak mempengaruhi sifat cairan dalam reaktor.
5. Dalam perancangan reaktor, reaksi samping diabaikan terhadap reaksi utama.
Mekanisme reaksi
Reaksi kimia yang terjadi antara Oksigen dan Toluen di fase cair, mengikuti persamaan :
1,5 O2 (g) + C6H5CH3 (l)
C6H5COOH (l) + H2O
atau
1,5 A (g) + B (l)
C (l) + D ................................................................(1)
Kecepatan reaksi toluene di fasa cair yang terjadi mengikuti persamaan :
(-rb) = k . CA . CB
Reaksi samping yang mungkin terjadi dalam reaktor adalah :
1.
Reaksi oksidasi o-xylene.
Senyawa o-xylene di dalam reaktor jumlahnya relatif sedikit dibanding toluene. Reaksi oksidasi
toluene menjadi asam benzoat berlangsung lambat, sehingga kebutuhan oksigen untuk reaksi ini
relatif kecil. Hal itu berakibat kebutuhan oksigen untuk oksidasi o-xylene amat kecil (karena kadar
o-xylene dalam reaktor kecil), sehingga tidak terpengaruh pada kebutuhan oksigen keseluruhan.
Reaksi oksidasi o-xylene dengan demikian diyakini tidak berpengaruh besar terhadap dimensi
reaktor hasil perhitungan. Pengabaian reaksi oksidasi o-xylene adalah reaksi yang cukup beralasan.
2.
Reaksi oksidasi asam asetat.
Reaksi oksidasi asam asetat berlangsung sesuai persamaan :
CH3COOH + 2 O2
2 CO2 + 2 H2O
Reaksi ini dengan katalisator cobalt asetat hanya sedikit terjadi (Agra, 1990), sehinga dapat
diabaikan.
3.
Reaksi oksidasi toluene menjadi benzaldehid.
C6H5CH3 + O2
C6H5CH2OH + O2
C6H5COH
Kelanjutan reaksi oksidasi di atas adalah terbentuknya senyawa asam benzoat. Reaksi oksidasi
toluene menjadi benzaldehid hanya bisa terjadi bila ada penghentian sebelum terbentuk asam
benzoat. Hal tersebut dapat dipenuhi dengan waktu tinggal yang singkat serta penggunaan
katalisator tertentu. Hatch (1982) menguraikan bahwa oksidasi toluene menjadi benzaldehid dapat
terjadi pada kondisi P= 1 atm,T= 500 oC serta perlu katalisator VO2 (93%) dan MnO2 (7%). Kondisi
operasi yang lain adalah pada P = 1 atm,T = 100-140 oC dengan katalis FeBr2 dan CoBr2 serta
menggunakan metanol untuk mencegah reaksi lebih lanjut (reaksi pembentukan asam benzoat).
Kondisi operasi reaktor yang akan dirancang (P = 25 atm; T = 225 oC) berbeda dengan kondisi pada
oksidasi toluene menjadi benzaldehid, selain itu terdapat pula perbedaan katalisator yang
digunakan. Hal itu meyakinkan anggapan bahwa reaksi oksidasi toluene menjadi benzaldehid
dalam reaktor dapat diabaikan.
Dengan harga k mengikuti persamaan Arhenius :
13
15.179,85
T
...............................................(02)
k= 1,108568.10 .e
k = konstanta kecepatan reaksi (L/mol.det)
lap.cair
bidang
reaksi
PA
PAi
CA
CAi
yG
yi
yL
bidang
reaksi
PA
PAi
CA
CA *
yL
yi
dC A
dt
k La . CA *
k L a +1,5.k.C B
A.
1.
Padatan
7,5
9,6
11,3
15,9
16,7
20,9
22,6
26
Cairan
11,7
18
19,7
24,3
25,1
29,3
31
33,5
Kapasitas Panas
7 x 11,7
8 x 18
Jumlah
81,9
144
225,9 kJ / kmol K
2.
Viskositas Cairan
Viskositas didapat dengan metode yang dikemukanan oleh Souders.
log ( log10 ) =
dimana :
=
M
=
I
=
I
.10
M
- 2,9
Viskositas, m.N.s/m2
berat molekul
Index Souders
densitas pada temperatur yang akan dihitung, kg/m3
C
50,2
O
29,7
H
2,7
Co
30
Ring
-21
Tegangan Muka
Menghitung tegangan muka dengan cara sebagai berikut (Coulson, 1989) :
4
Pch.( L - V )
=
.10 -12
M
dengan :
=
tegangan muka, mJ/m2 (dyne/cm),
Pch
=
Konstanta Sugden,
L
=
densitas cairan, kg/m3,
V
=
densitas uap jenuh , kg/m3,
M
=
berat molekul.
Kontribusi konstanta Sugden untuk senyawa-senyawa terkait adalah sebagai berikut :
Atom
Kontribusi
4.
C
4,8
O
17,1
H
20
Co
58
Ring
6,1
dengan :
DL
=
=
=
=
=
=
M
=
=
T
=
Vm
=
B.
C.
D.
1.
2.
4.VR
) 0,333
(
)
1. 3,14159
Luas Supervicial (AT)
D=(
AT =
3,14159.D 2
4
3.
Flowrate gas
AT
Putaran Pengaduk
Putaran Minimum Pengaduk ( N min) (Froment, 1990)
( massa gas) .( g ) .(
N min = [
) 3,3
]0,333
D.100 3
) . 0,02832
2,54
VC shell
AT
N* = 2.(
H L H S 0,5
.g 0,25 D
) (
)
2 )(
D
DP
u sG
DP2
}0.667 + 0,45.(N P - N*).{
}
L .g 1/4
D.( g.D) 0,5
[
]
6.
7.
8.
9.
3.D b .g. - g
PTST = 6,95464 -
PTST = 10
K B = 46[
1344,8
( 219,482 + T - 273)
PTST
760
PT - PTST
]
82,057.T
H=e
]0,333 .[
LH = log(PT) + 2,229535 - KB
LH
10.
Y . mol4trial
i
C B0 - C B N
k.C A .C B N
Volume cairan(VC)
VC =
VRhit =
.FV
3600
VC
1 H OG
Check apakah VRhit VRtrial, bila tidak back to step 1
E.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Desain Sparger
Perhitungan Diameter Hole (DH) (Treyball,1982)
D b 3 .g. - g
DH =
6.
Debit Karasteristik Gas, (QOR)
20.( .D H ) 5 3 0,1666
]
QOR = [
g.( - g ) 2
H in =
m.Cp in .dT
298,16 K
H out =
298,16 K
Q = ( Hr+Hc) ( Tp-Tu)
Th .Q
Tip = Ti - [
]
kL
x is = k ss - [
Tip - Tp
Q
dengan :
Tp = Suhu permukaan luar reaktor dengan isolasi, K
Tu = Suhu udara luar, 305 K
Tip = Suhu permukaan luar logam dinding reaktor, K
Ti = Suhu dalam reaktor , 498 K
Th = Tebal dinding shell, m
M = Konduktivitas dinding shell, W/mK
Q
= Panas hilang per satuan luas, W/ M2
kss = Koduktivitas isolasi, W/ m
Xis = Tebal isolasi, m
= Konstanta Stefan Boltzman, 5,67 . 10-8 W/ mK4
Panas hilang di shell ( Qs) , kj/jam
Qs = Q. ( ( D + 2 Xis). L) . 3,61
dengan :
Qs = Total panas hilang di shell, kj/ jam.
Xis = Tebal isolasi shell, m
D = Diameter shell, m
L = Tinggi shell, m
Q = Panas hilang persatuan luas di shell,W/m2
2. Bagian Head.
Asumsi : Permukaan head dianggap sebagai permukaan bola.
Persamaan-persainaan yang digunakan dalam perhitungan (Holman, 1989)
Tp 4 - Tu 4
H r = . .[
]
Tp - Tu
Hc = ku (2 + 0.43.( Grf. Prf))/ D
Grf = (9,81. ( Tp-Tu). D3/(Tavg. v))
Tavg = ( Tp- Tu) / 2
Q
= ( Hr+Hc) ( Tp-Tu)
Tip = Ti -(Th . Q/kl)
xis = kss ( Tip- Tp)/ Q
dengan :
Prf = Prandtl Number = 0,7 untuk udara normal.
Grf = Gressof number
D = Diameter head, m
ku = Konduktivitas udara pada Tavg = 0,068 W/mK.
v
= Viskositas kinematik udara pada Tavg 0,384.10-4 m2/det
Panas hilang di head.(Qh), kj/jam
Qh = Q. 2. D2 /2
dengan :
Qh
=
Panas hilang di head, kj/jam.
Q
=
Panas hilang per satuan luas di head, W/m2
Total heatloss, (Qloss) kj/jam.
Qloss = Qh + Qs
e. Neraca Panas Total Reaktor
Suhu referensi = 298 K
Hout
1000C
Produk
Hin
Umpan
315 K
HR0
298 K
Gambar 3. Diagram Panas reaksi
c.
d.
4.W
Vw =
w
3600.6002
Wt
Fv
dengan:
Wt
=
Massa cairan keluar reaktor, kg/jam.
Fv
=
Flowrate cairan keluar, m3/jam
2. Viskositas cairan , (m), Cp
Viskositas cairan dihitung berdasarkan viskositas atom penyusunnya
(Coulson and Richardson, 1989):
C = 50,2 : H = 2,7 O = 29,7
i = penyusun
m =
Wt
( Wi / i )
3. Kapasitas panas cairan, ( Cpm ), kj/ kmol. K
H out , kJ/jam
Cp m =
( Tout - 298) . mol out
Wt
4. Berat molekul rerata, BM : BM =
mol out
5. Konduktivitas panas cairan, (km), kJ/jam.m.K
(Coulson and Richardson, 1989)
Cp m
m 4 0,33
-5
k m = 3,56.10 .[
].[
]
BM
BM
f.
Penentuan bilangan Prandtl, ( Pr)
viskositas campuran : m =
Cp m . m. 3,62
BM.K m
g.
Penentuan bilangan Reynolds, ( Re)
N.D p 2 . m .3600
Re =
3,62
h.
Jumlah baffle (nb) = 4 baffle
Dp
Diameter pengaduk
i.
=
Dt
Diameter shell
j.
Koefisien transfer panas konveksi di shell, ( Ho) , W/m2 K.
(Perry and Green, 1984)
D p 0,33 0,2
km
ho =
0,09.Re 0,65 .Pr 0,33 .[
] .n b
3,62.OD
Dt
Pr =
k.
W/m2.K
Vw 0,8
( 1000.ID) 2
dengan:
h io = h i [
l.
ID
W
],
OD
m 2 .K
Tr = 493K
Hot fluid
493K
473 K
Cold fluid
323 K
Gambar 4. Skema Suhu-Pendinginan
TLMTD =
(T
- TWi ) - ( TR - TWo )
TR - TWi
]
TR - TWo
Luas transfer panas diperlukan, (Ad), m2
ln[
o.
HT
U d .T.3,62
p.
Panjang koil diperlukan,(Lc), m.
Ad
Lc =
.OD
q.
Penentuan tinggi cairan dan koil di shell.
1. Tinggi cairan di shell, (Hcs), m.
Volume Cairan di Shell (m3) = V liquid + V coil - V bottom head
Vcoil = (n . OD2 . Lc)
Ad =
A
C
AB 2 + BC 2
ID 0,5
)
BC
Hitung Re dan Pr
OD,ID,BWG,W,VW,Twi,Two
Hitung TLMTD
End
POWER PENGADUK
Jenis pengaduk
: Flat Blade Turbine 6 sudu.
Tinggi pengaduk di shell = diameter pengaduk (Dp)
Optimum pada ( 0,8 - 1,3 ) Dp ,(Coulson and Richardson, 1989)
Baffle
** Lebar baffle
** Panjang
** Jumlah
=
=
=
0, 1 Dp
Tinggi shell
4 Buah
b.
VG
60.0,02832
NPI = 60. NP
DPI = DP . 3,208
PAG
PA 2 .N PI .D PI 3 0.45
= 0,08.[
]
VGI 0,56
PA
,
HP
RESUME REAKTOR
Tugas
Jenis
Katalis
Cobalt acetate
Kondisi operasi
T = 498 K, P = 25 atm.
Jumlah
Tekanan design
2,7147 N / mm
Suhu design
525,78 K
Tebal shell
1,75 inchi
Tebal head
1,75 inchi
Tinggi shell
6,7 m
Diameter shell
3,35 m
Bahan
Diameter orrifice
2,0935 mm
Diameter sparger
2,6808 m
Luas plate/lubang
2,8343.10-5 m2
5,6446 m2
Jumlah hole
199155,7 hole
Pitch
6,2807 10-3 m
Jenis
Diameter
1,10585 m
Panjang baffle
3,35106 m
Lebar baffle
0,1109 m
Jumlah baffle
4 buah
Daya motor
75 hp
Design pengaduk
Design isolasi
Suhu udara luar
305 K
30 cm
317 K
30 cm
Bahan isolasi
asbestos sheet
Pendingin
Dowterm A
0,0559 m
0,0635 m
Kecepatan Alir
0,9124 m/s
PRINT "
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>"
PRINT "
<>
PERANCANGAN REAKTOR
<>"
PRINT "
<>
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM BENZOAT
<>"
PRINT "
<>
DARI TOLUEN DAN UDARA
<>"
PRINT "
<>
kapasitas : 100.000 ton/thn
<>"
PRINT "
<>
By : Ismanto dan Joko NF
<>"
PRINT "
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>"
T = 225 + 273
P = 25
XB = .95
JR = 3
PRINT " JUMLAH REAKTOR ="; JR; "PARAREL"
PRINT " SUHU DALAM REAKTOR
="; T; "K"
PRINT " TEKANAN OPERASI ="; P; "atm"
PRINT " KONVERSI TOLUEN ="; XB
PRINT " KADAR KATALIS
= 0.05 % "
N=8
DIM CP(N), TC(N), RHO(N), MIU(N), MASSA1(N), BM(N), MOL1(N), FEED(N)
DIM MASSA2(N), MOL2(N), MASSA3(N), MASSA4(N), MOL3(N), M0L4(N), MASSA(N)
DIM CPA(N), CPB(N), CPC(N), CPD(N), AT(N), BT(N), CT(N), DV(N), V(N), YS(N)
DIM DG(N), HVNB(N), MASSA5(N), MOL5(N), MASSA6(N), MOL6(N), MASSA7(N),MOL7(N)
DIM UAP(N), CAIR(N), REC1(N), REC2(N), RECH1(N), RECH2(N), FD(N), DES(N),BO(N)
DIM D(N), F(N), BOT(N), XFEED(N), XD(N), XBOT(N), X(N), Y(N), ALB(N),ALD(N), ALP(N)
DIM K(N), RALAT1(N), RALAT2(N), RALAT(N), MOL0(N), MASS(N), REC(N), RECH(N)
DIM PURGE2(N), MASSA8(N), MASSA9(N), PURGE3(N), UAP1(N), CAIR1(N), MASSI(N)
DIM HV(N), HL(N)
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " 1. TOLUEN 2. O-XYLEN 3. ASAM ASERTAT 4. ASAM BENZOAT "
PRINT " 5. AIR
6. Co Ac
7. OKSIGEN
8. NITROGEN "
PRINT : PRINT
' DATA KESEIMBANGAN UAP-CAIR
FOR I = 1 TO 5
READ AT(I), BT(I), CT(I)
NEXT I
DATA 16.0137,3096.52,-53.67,16.1156,3395.57,-59.46,16.8080,3405.57,-56.34
DATA 17.1634,4190.70,-125.20,18.3036,3816.44,-46.13
AT(7) = 15.4075: BT(7) = 734.55: CT(7) = -6.45
AT(8) = 14.9542: BT(8) = 588.72: CT(8) = -6.6
' DATA DENSITAS SISTEM
FOR I = 1 TO N - 2
READ RHO(I)
NEXT I
DATA 631.6667,678.0822,749.2718,980.0664,819.7355,1705.3
FOR I = 1 TO N
READ BM(I)
NEXT I
DATA 92,106,60,122,18,177,32,28
' KAPASITAS PANAS CAIR, KJ/KMOL.K (WERNER, 1941 & COULSON, 1989
CARBON = 11.7: OKSI = 25.1: HIDRO = 18: CO = 26
CP(1) = 7 * CARBON + 8 * HIDRO
CP(2) = 8 * CARBON + 10 * HIDRO
PREK = P
XB = .95
' INPUT MASSA CAIR
MOL1 = 0: MASSA1 = 0: VOL = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
MASSA1(I) = FEED(I) + REC1(I) + REC2(I)
MOL1(I) = MASSA1(I) / BM(I)
MOL1 = MOL1 + MOL1(I)
MASSA1 = MASSA1 + MASSA1(I)
IF RHO(I) = 0 THEN GOTO IL
VOL = MASSA1(I) / RHO(I) + VOL
IL:
NEXT I
MASSA1(6) = .0005 * MOL1 * BM(6)
FEED(6) = MASSA1(6) - REC2(6)
MOL1(6) = MASSA1(6) / BM(6)
MOL1 = MOL1 + MOL1(6): MASSA1 = MASSA1 + MASSA1(6)
VOL = VOL + MASSA1(6) / RHO(6)
RHO = MASSA1 / VOL
CP = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N - 1
CP = CP(I) * MOL1(I) / MOL1 + CP
NEXT I
' VISKOSITAS CAIRAN SOUDERS, 1938 (COULSON, 1989)
CARBON = 50.2: OKSI = 29.7: HIDRO = 2.7: RING = -21: CO = 30
L(1) = 7 * CARBON + 8 * HIDRO + RING
L(2) = 8 * CARBON + 10 * HIDRO + RING
L(3) = 2 * CARBON + 4 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI
L(4) = 7 * CARBON + 6 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI + RING
L(5) = 2 * HIDRO + OKSI
L(6) = CO + (2 * CARBON + 5 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI) * 2
L(7) = 2 * OKSI
AL = 0: ALM = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N - 2
L = MOL1(I) / MOL1 * L(I)
LM = MOL1(I) / MOL1 * BM(I)
AL = L + AL: ALM = ALM + LM
NEXT I
MI = 10 ^ (RHO * (AL / ALM) * .001 - 2.9)
MIU = 10 ^ MI / 10 * 3.6
' SURFACE TENSION SUGDEN, 1924 (COULSON, 1989)
RHOG = 29 / 22.415 * (273 / T) * P
CARBON = 4.8: HIDRO = 17.1: OKSI = 20: RING = 6.1: CO = 58
PCH(1) = 7 * CARBON + 8 * HIDRO + RING
PCH(2) = 8 * CARBON + 10 * HIDRO + RING
PCH(3) = 2 * CARBON + 4 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI
PCH(4) = 7 * CARBON + 6 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI + RING
PCH(5) = 2 * HIDRO + OKSI
PCH(6) = CO + (2 * CARBON + 5 * HIDRO + 2 * OKSI) * 2
PCH(7) = 2 * OKSI
THO = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N - 2
THO = THO + MOL1(I) / MOL1 * (PCH(I) * (RHO(I) - RHOG) / BM(I)) ^ 4 *
1E-12 * .001
NEXT I
' DIFUSIFITAS OKSIGEN DI FASA CAIR WILKE CHANG, 1955 (COULSON, 1989)
PAR = 1
BM = MASSA1 / MOL1
VM = .0256
DAB = 1.173E-13 * (PAR * BM) ^ .5 * T / (MIU / 3.6) / VM ^ .6
' PERHITUNGAN JUMLAH UDARA YANG DIPERLUKAN
MOLOK = 1.5 * MOL1(1) * XB
MOLPER = 1.5 * MOLOK
MOL2(7) = MOLPER
MOL2(8) = .79 / .21 * MOLPER
MASSA2(7) = MOL2(7) * BM(7): MASSA2(8) = MOL2(8) * BM(8)
' UDARA SBL DIPAKAI DIOLAH SEHINGGA MEMILIKI KELEMBABAN 40 % PADA 30 C
' DARI PSYCHROMETRIC CHART DIPEROLEH HUMIDITY 0.01 LB AIR/LB UK
MASSA2(5) = .01 * (MASSA2(7) + MASSA2(8))
MOL2(5) = MASSA2(5) / BM(5)
MOL2 = 0: MASSA2 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
MOL2 = MOL2 + MOL2(I)
MASSA2 = MASSA2 + MASSA2(I)
NEXT I
' INPUT REAKTOR
FOR I = 1 TO N
MASSA1(I) = MASSA1(I) / JR
MOL1(I) = MOL1(I) / JR
MOL2(I) = MOL2(I) / JR
MASSA2(I) = MASSA2(I) / JR
NEXT I
MOL1 = MOL1 / JR: MASSA1 = MASSA1 / JR: MASSA2 = MASSA2 / JR: MOL2 = MOL2 / JR
' TRIAL VOLUME REAKTOR DIGUNAKAN
FV = MASSA1 / RHO
KADAL = 0
BEGAN:
VR = VTRIAL
GOSUB SERAMBI
IF ABS(VRHIT - VTRIAL) < .5 THEN GOTO AYANG
VTRIAL = VRHIT
GOTO BEGAN
AYANG:
VR = (VRHIT + VTRIAL) / 2
MASSA3 = 0: MASSA4 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
MASSA3(I) = MOL3(I) * BM(I): MASSA3 = MASSA3 + MASSA3(I)
MASSA4(I) = MOL4(I) * BM(I): MASSA4 = MASSA4 + MASSA4(I)
NEXT I
MASSA3 = MASSA3 + MASSA3(6)
' CHECK TEKANAN JENUH
MOL3 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
MOL3 = MOL3 + MOL3(I)
NEXT I
PAK = 15
FOR I = 1 TO N
X(I) = MOL1(I) / MOL1
NEXT I
UNTU:
GOSUB BUBBLE
YYY = Y
IF ABS(Y - 1) < .02 THEN GOTO GUSI
IF Y > 1 THEN PAK = PAK + .1
IF Y < 1 THEN PAK = PAK - .1
GOTO UNTU
GUSI:
PJEN = PAK
PRINT "
SIFAT-SIFAT FISIS"
PRINT "
------------------------"
PRINT " DENSITAS RERATA CAIRAN
="; RHO; "Kg/m3"
PRINT " VISKOSITAS CAIRAN
="; MIU; "Kg/m.jam"
PRINT " BERAT MOLEKUL RERATA CAIRAN
="; BM
PRINT " DIFUSIFITAS OKSIGEN DI FASA CAIR
="; DAB; "m2/dtk"
PRINT " FLOWRATE UMPAN REAKTOR
="; FV; "m3/jam"
PRINT "
NERACA MASSA REAKTOR SETIAP REAKTOR"
PRINT "
-----------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " | SENYAWA | MASUK GAS | MASUK CAIR | KELUAR GAS | KELUAR CAIR |"
PRINT " --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
SUA$ = "| ## |#######.## | #######.## | #######.## | ######.## |"
FOR I = 1 TO N
PRINT USING SUA$; I; MASSA2(I); MASSA1(I); MASSA4(I); MASSA3(I)
NEXT I
PRINT " --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " TOTAL CAIRAN MASUK
="; MASSA1; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL GAS MASUK ="; MASSA2; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL GAS KELUAR ="; MASSA4; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL CAIRAN KELUAR
="; MASSA3; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL MASUK ="; MASSA1 + MASSA2; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL KELUAR ="; MASSA3 + MASSA4; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " VLM RX TERHITUNG
="; VR; "m3"
PRINT "
DIPEROLEH HASIL PERHITUNGAN:"
PRINT "
-------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " DIAMETER REAKTOR TERHITUNG ="; D; "m"
PRINT " TINGGI SHELL TERHITUNG ="; LREAK; "m"
PRINT " TGI LEVEL CAIRAN DI REAKTOR ="; L; "m"
DIS = L - LC
PRINT " TINGGI DISANGEGAMENT SPACE ="; DIS; "m(MINIMAL=DIAMETER)"
PRINT " DIAMETER PENGADUK
="; DP; "m"
PRINT " PUTARAN PENGADUK MINIMUM ="; NMIN; "put/det"
PRINT " PUTARAN KARAKTERISTIK
="; NSTAR; "put/det"
PRINT " PUTARAN PENGADUK DIPAKAI
="; NP; "put/det"
PRINT "
="; NP * 60; "rpm"
PRINT " KECEPATAN ALIR GAS
="; USG; "m/s"
PRINT " WAKTU TINGGAL GAS
="; WAKTUL; "detik"
' FLOODING VELOCITY (COULSON, 1989 P.363)
UV = .035 * (RHO / RHOG) ^ .5
PRINT " FLOODING VELOCITY
="; UV; "m/s"
PRINT " KECEPATAN DI BAWAH FLOODING VELOCITY (ACCEPTABLE)"
PRINT " DIAMETER GELEMBUNG GAS
="; DB;
PRINT "
="; DB * 1000; "mm"
PRINT " GAS HOLD UP
="; HOG * 100; "% ACCEPTABLE"
PRINT "
= MAX 15 % (PERRY, 1984)"
PRINT " KLA
="; KLA; "1/det"
PRINT " KR
="; KR; "1/mol/det"
PRINT "
MECHANICAL DESIGN VESSEL"
PRINT "
-------------------------------------------"
' TEBAL SHELL DAN HEAD (ELIPSOIDAL DISHED HEAD)
' BAHAN STAINLESSTEEL AISI 321
' TEBAL SHELL (COULSON, 1989)
JE = .85
PD = 1.1 * P / 10.13
TD = T + 50 / 1.8
JF = 140
PRINT " TEKANAN DESIGN
="; PD; "N/mm2"
PRINT " SUHU DESIGN
="; TD; "K"
TS = PD * D * 1000 / (2 * JE * JF - PD) + 2
TSI = TS / 25.4
PRINT " TEBAL SHELL TERHTG
="; TSI; "inch"
TS = 1.75
TH = PD * D * 1000 / (2 * JF * JE - .2 * PD) + 2
PRINT " TEBAL SHELL DIPAKAI
="; TS; "inch"
THI = TH / 25.4
PRINT " TEBAL HEAD TERHITUNG
="; THI; "inch"
TH = 1.75
PRINT " TEBAL HEAD DIPAKAI
="; TH; "inch"
TH = TH * 25.4
TS = TS * 25.4
PRINT " UKURAN SPARGER UDARA"
PRINT " --------------------------------------"
' PERHITUNGAN DIAMETER HOLE (TREYBALL, 1982)
DH = DB ^ 3 * G * (RHO - RHOG) / 6 / THO
PRINT " DIAMETER ORIFICE
="; DH; "m"
PRINT "
="; DH * 1000; "mm"
' DEBIT KARAKTERISTIK GAS
QOR = (20 * (THO * DH) ^ 5 / (G * (RHO - RHOG) ^ 2 * RHO ^ 3)) ^ .166
PRINT " DEBIT KARAKTERISTIK GAS
="; QOR; "m3/s"
' JUMLAH HOLE (TRIANGULAR PITCH)
' DIAMBIL DIAMETER SPARGER = 0.8 DIAMETER REAKTOR
DSP = .8 * D
AAS = 3.14159 * DSP ^ 2 / 4
LPPL = 9 / 2 * DH ^ 2 * 3 ^ .33
PRINT " DIAMETER SPARGER
="; DSP; "m"
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " | TP | HC | Hr | Q/A | TIP | XSS |"
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
MEA$ = " | ### | ##.### | ##.### | ####.# | ###.## | #.####|"
TP0 = 38 + 273
FOR I = 0 TO 10
TP = TP0 + I * DELTP
Hr = (E * THO * (TP ^ 4 - TU ^ 4)) / (TP - TU)
HC = .73 * (TP - TU) ^ .33
Q = (Hr + HC) * (TP - TU)
TIP = TI - (Q * TS / KL)
XIS = KSS * (TIP - TP) / Q
PRINT USING MEA$; TP; HC; Hr; Q; TIP; XIS
NEXT I
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
XIS = .3: TIP = 497.75: TP = 317: X = XIS
QLS = KSS / XIS * (TIP - TP) * 3.14159 * L * (D + 2 * XIS) * 3.6
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " TEBAL ISOLASI SHELL DIAMBIL
="; XIS * 100; "cm"
PRINT " SUHU PERMUKAAN SHELL
="; TP; "K"
PRINT " PANAS HILANG DI SHELL
="; QLS; "KJ/jam"
PRINT : PRINT
D = D + 2 * (X)
' PERHITUNGAN TEBAL ISOLASI HEAD
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
PRINT " | TP | HC | Hr | Q/A | TIP | XSS |"
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
MEA$ = " | ### | ##.### | ##.### | ####.# | ###.## | #.####|"
FOR I = 1 TO 10
TP = TP0 + I * DELTP
Hr = (E * THO * (TP ^ 4 - TU ^ 4)) / (TP - TU)
TAVG = (TP + TU) / 2: PRF = .75: VC = .00384: KU = .068
GP = (9.8 * (TP - TU) * D ^ 3 * PRF / VC ^ 2 / TAVG)
NU = 2 + .43 * (GP) ^ .25
HC = NU * KU / D
Q = (Hr + HC) * (TP - TU)
TIP = TI - (Q * TH / KL)
XIS = KSS * (TIP - TP) / Q
PRINT USING MEA$; TP; HC; Hr; Q; TIP; XIS
NEXT
PRINT " -----------------------------------------------------"
XIS = .3: TIP = 497.75: TP = 319.5: X = XIS
A = 3.14159 * D ^ 2 / 2
QL = 2 * KSS / XIS * (TIP - TP) * A * 3.6
PRINT : PRINT
QT = QL + QLS
PRINT " TEBAL ISOLASI HEAD DIAMBIL
="; XIS * 100; "cm"
PRINT " TOTAL HEAD LOSS DI HEAD
="; QL; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " TOTAL PANAS HILANG
="; QT; "KJ/jam"
PRINT : PRINT
NEXT I
HGIN = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
HGIN = HGIN + MOL2(I) * (CPA(I) * (TG - TB) + CPB(I) / 2 * (TG ^ 2 - TB ^ 2))
HGIN = HGIN + MOL2(I) * (CPC(I) / 3 * (TG ^ 3 - TB ^ 3) + CPD(I) / 4 *
(TG ^ 4 - TB ^ 4))
NEXT I
' ENTHALPI RECYCLE (PADA BUBBLE POINT HABIS DI CONDENSER)
REC1 = 0: REC2 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
REC1(I) = REC1(I) / BM(I): REC2(I) = REC2(I) / BM(I)
REC1 = REC1 + REC1(I)
REC2 = REC2 + REC2(I)
NEXT I
PAK = 1.2
' RECYCLE1
FOR I = 1 TO N
X(I) = REC1(I) / REC1
NEXT I
AMBA:
GOSUB BUBBLE
IF ABS(Y - 1) > .01 THEN
IF Y > 1 THEN T = T - .1
IF Y < 1 THEN T = T + .1
GOTO AMBA
END IF
TREC1 = T
HREC1 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
HREC1 = HREC1 + REC1(I) * CP(I) * (T - 298.16)
NEXT I
TREC2 = 310
HREC2 = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
HREC2 = HREC2 + REC2(I) * CP(I) * (T - 298.16)
NEXT I
' ENTHALPI MASUK MIXER
HMIX = HIN + HREC1 + HREC2
' SET HEATLOSS DI MIXER 25.000 KJ/jam
HMIXOUT = HMIX - 25000
' HITUNG SUHU KELUAR MIXER ATAU UMPAN REAKTOR
HOMO = 0
TM = 310
DADA:
FOR I = 1 TO N
HOMO = HOMO + MASSA1(I) / BM(I) * CP(I) * (TM - 298.16)
NEXT I
IF ABS(HMIXOUT - HOMO) > 100000 THEN
IF HMIXOUT > HOMO THEN TM = TM + .01
IF HMIXOUT < HOMO THEN TM = TM - .01
GOTO DADA
END IF
' PERHITUNGAN PANAS REAKSI
DELH = (290400 + 242000 + 50000)
DELHR = XB * DELH * MOL1(1)
DELHT = DELHR + HMIXOUT + HGIN - HOUTTL
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " SUHU UMPAN FRESH (MASUK MIXER)
="; TIN; "K"
PRINT " SUHU RECYCLE 1 (MASUK MIXER)
="; TREC1; "K"
PRINT " SUHU RECYCLE 2 (MASUK MIXER)
="; TREC2; "K"
PRINT " SUHU UMPAN MASUK REAKTOR
="; TM; "K"
PRINT " SUHU GAS MASUK REAKTOR
="; TGIN; "K"
PRINT " PNS DIBAWA UMPAN FRESH MKIXER
="; HIN; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " PANAS HASIL REAKSI
="; DELHR; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " PANAS DIAMBIL COIL
="; DELHT; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " ENTHALPI UMPAN REAKTOR
="; HMIXOUT; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " PERANCANGAN KOIL PENDINGIN"
PRINT " PENDINGIN DOWNTERM A TEKANAN 5 ATM"
CPA = .65 * 4.18
TWO = 473: TWI = 353
W = DELHT / CPA / (TWO - TWI)
' KECEPATAN ALIR DAN JUMLAH SET COIL
OD = 2.5 * .0254: ID = 2.2 * .0254
AT = 3.14159 / 4 * (ID) ^ 2
SET = 9
RHOW = 47.3 / 64.5 * 1000
VS = W / RHOW / SET / AT / 3600
K=5
DIM BC(K), PL(K), REN(K), FR(K), DELP(K)
PRINT
PRINT " JUMLAH SET KOIL
="; SET
PRINT " DIAMETER DALAM KOIL
="; ID; "m"
PRINT " DIAMETER LUAR KOIL
="; OD; "m"
PRINT " 11 BWG"
PRINT " BEBAN PENDINGIN
="; DELHT; "KJ/jam"
PRINT " JUMLAH PENDINGIN
="; W; "Kg/jam"
PRINT " DIAMETER LUAR COIL
="; OD; "m"
PRINT " DIAMETER DALAM COIL
="; ID; "m"
PRINT " KECEPATAN ALIR
="; VS; "m/s"
PRINT " MASUK RANGE SYARAT ALIRAN CAIRAN DALAM COIL (1-2) m/s"
PRINT : PRINT
DO
LOOP WHILE INKEY$ = ""
PRINT : PRINT
TR = 498: TB = 298
' KAPASITAS PANAS (KJ/Kg.C)_
CPM = HOUT1 / (TR - TB) / MASSA3
PRINT " KAPASITAS PANAS CAMPURAN
="; CPM; "KJ/Kg.C"
' KONDUKTIVITAS PANAS
KM = .0000356 * CPM * (RHO ^ 4 / BM) ^ .33 * 3.62
PRINT " KONDUKTIVITAS RERATA
="; KM; "KJ/m.J.K"
' BILANGAN PRANDTL
PR = CPM * MIU / KM
PRINT " BILANGAN PRANDTL
NB = 4
' KOEFISIEN TRANSFER PANAS KONVEKSI DI SHELL
H = .09 * NRe ^ .65 * PR ^ .33 * (DP / D) ^ .33 * (2 / NB) ^ .2
HO = H * KM / OD / 3.63
PRINT " HO
' KOEFISIEN KONVEKSI DI TUBE
H = 4200 * (1.35 + .002 * 45) * VS ^ .8 / (1000 * ID) ^ .2
HIO = H * ID / OD
PRINT " HIO
' OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER KOEFISIEN
UO = HO * HIO / (HO + HIO)
Rd = .0002
UD = 1 / ((1 / UO) + Rd)
PRINT " OVERALL KOEFISIEN (UD)
TR = 493
TLMTD = ((TR - TWI) - (TR - TWO))
TLMTD = TLMTD / (LOG((TR - TWI) / (TR - TWO)) * 2.303)
PRINT " LOGMEAN TEMP.DIFF
' LUAS TRANSFER DIPERLUKAN TIAP SET
AD = DELHT / 3.6 / SET / UD / TLMTD
PRINT " LUAS TRANSFER DIPERLUKAN
LAM = 3.14159 * OD
LC = AD / LAM
PRINT " PANJANG KOIL/SET
' TINGGI CAIRAN DAN KOIL DI SHELL
VL = VRE
VTS = VL + (3.14159 * OD ^ 2 * LC * SET) / 4
HCS = VTS * 4 / (3.14159 * D ^ 2)
AB = 2 * OD
PRINT " JUMLAH LAPISAN/SET
' DIAMETER KOIL TERBESAR DIAMBIL 0.8D
BC = .8 * D: PL = 0
FOR I = 1 TO K
BC(I) = BC
PL(I) = 3.14159 / 2 * ((AB ^ 2 + BC(I) ^ 2) ^ .5 + BC(I))
PL = PL + PL(I)
BC = BC(I) - 2 * OD
JK = LC / PL
PRINT " LAPISAN KE
PRINT " DIAMETER PENGADUK
PRINT " DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
PRINT " PANJANG TIAP LAPISAN/SET
NEXT I
PRINT " JUMLAH KOIL/SET/LAPISAN
TSK = JK * OD + (JK - 1) * AB
PRINT " TINGGI SET KOIL
TKOIL = TSK * SET + (SET - 1) * OD
PRINT " TINGGI KOIL
PRINT " TINGGI CAIRAN
="; PR
="; K; "LAP"
="; I
="; DP; "m"
="; BC(I); "m"
="; JK * PL(I); "m"
="; JK
="; TSK; "m"
="; TKOIL; "m"
="; HCS; "m"
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " JADI KOIL TERCELUP CAIRAN"
PRINT " STOP"
DO
LOOP WHILE INKEY$ = ""
' PERHITUNGAN PRESSURE DROP/SET
DELPI = 0
FOR I = 1 TO K
REN(I) = 998 * VS * ID / .0006 * (1 + 12 * (ID / BC(I)) ^ .5)
FR(I) = .08 * REN(I) ^ -.25 + .01 * (ID / BC(I)) ^ .5
DELP(I) = JK * (8 * FR(I) * (PL(I) / ID) + 2.5) * RHO * VS ^ 2 / 2
DELPI = DELPI + DELP(I)
NEXT I
DELP = DELPI / 110130! * 14.7
PRINT : PRINT
PRINT " PRESSURE DROP/SET KOIL ="; DELP; "Psi"
PRINT " PRESSURE DROP CUKUP RENDAH DAN BISA DIGUNAKAN"
END
UAPCAIR:
UAP = 0: CAIR = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
LP = AT(I) - BT(I) / (CT(I) + T)
PS = EXP(LP) / 760
K = PS / P
CAIR(I) = MOL(I) / (R * K + 1)
CAIR(6) = MOL(6)
UAP(I) = MOL(I) - CAIR(I)
UAP = UAP + UAP(I)
CAIR = CAIR + CAIR(I)
NEXT I
RAT = UAP / CAIR
RETURN
UAPCAIR2:
UAP = 0: CAIR = 0
FOR I = 1 TO N
LP = AT(I) - BT(I) / (CT(I) + T)
PS = EXP(LP) / 760
K = PS / P
CAIR(I) = F(I) / (R * K + 1)
CAIR(6) = F(6)
UAP(I) = F(I) - CAIR(I)
UAP = UAP + UAP(I)
CAIR = CAIR + CAIR(I)
NEXT I
RAT = UAP / CAIR
RETURN
SERAMBI:
' GAS FLOWRATE (MASUK REAKTOR)
VG = MOL2 * .08206 * T / P
' DIAMETER REAKTOR YANG DIGUNAKAN (DIAMBIL L/D=1)
' OVERDESIGN 15%
VRE = 1.15 * VR
D = (4 * VRE / 1 / 3.14159) ^ .333
L=1*D
LREAK = L + D
AT = 3.14159 * D ^ 2 / 4
USG = VG / 3600 / AT
' VISKOSITAS GAS (PERRY, 1984)
TC = .21 * 154.6 + .79 * 126.2
PC = .21 * 50.5 + 33.9 * .79
TR = T / TC: PR = P / PC
EPS = TC ^ (1 / 6) * 29 ^ -.5 * PC ^ (2 / 3)
VIS = 4.61 * TR ^ .618 - 2.04 * EXP(-.449 * TR) + 1.94 * EXP(-4.058 * TR + .1)
MIUG = VIS / EPS * .01 * 3.6
' KOREKSI VISKOSITAS TERHADAP TERKANAN
' FROM EQ 3.91 PERRY, 1984 DIPEROLEH (BERDASAR TR DAN PR):
AA = .0019824 / TR * EXP(5.2683 * TR ^ -.5767)
BB = AA * (1.6552 * TR - 1.276)
CC = .1319 / TR * EXP(7.7035 * TR ^ -79.8678)
DD = 2.9496 / TR * EXP(2.919 * TR ^ -16.6169)
DOL = AA * PR ^ 1.5 / (BB * PR + (1 + CC * PR ^ DD) ^ -1)
MIUG = (1 + DOL) * MIUG
' PUTARAN MINIMUM PENGADUK (FROMENT, 1990)
DP = .33 * D
G = 9.81
NMIN = (MASSA2 / RHOG * G * (D / DP) ^ 3.3 / 3600 / 16 / DP ^ 4) ^ .33
' DIAMETER GELEMBUNG GAS (PERRY, 1984)
DB = .63 * (THO * 1000 / 72) ^ .6 * (1000 / RHO) ^ .2 / 100
' TINGGI CAIRAN DALAM REAKTOR
' TEKANAN TINGGI DIGUNAKAN ELIPTICAL DISHED HEAD
VH = .000076 * (D * 100 / 2.54) ^ 3 * .02832
VCSHELL = VR - VH
HL = VCSHELL / AT
' DIAMBIL TINGGI PENGADUK 0.5 TINGGI CAIRAN DI SHELL
HP = .5 * HL
' PUTARAN KARAKTERISTIK (FROMENT,1990)
NSTAR = 2 * (THO * G / RHO) ^ .25 * (D / DP ^ 2) * ((HL - HS) / D) ^ .5
' PUTARAN PENGADUK DIPAKAI (MINIMAL 2.5X PUTARAN KARAKTERISTIK)
NP = 1.05 * NMIN
' HOLD-UP GAS (VAN DIERENDONCK, 1970)
HOG = .31 * (USG / (THO * G / RHO) ^ .25) ^ .667 + .45 * (NP - NSTAR) * DP ^ 2/D/(G*D)^.5
' INTERFACIAL AREA (FROMENT, 1990)
AV = 6 * HOG / DB
AVL = AV / (1 - HOG)
' KOEFISIEN TRANSFER MASSA FASA CAIR (PERRY,1984)
IF DB < .5 / 1000 THEN GOSUB BUNGKER1
IF DB > 2.5 / 1000 THEN GOSUB BUNGKER2
IF DB < 2.5 / 1000 AND DB > .5 / 1000 THEN
GOSUB BUNGKER1: SH1 = SH
GOSUB BUNGKER2: SH2 = SH
SH = SH2 - (.0025 - DB) / .002 * (SH2 - SH1)
END IF
PI = EXP(PI) / 760
K = PI / P
FEEDI = (MOL1(I) + MOL2(I))
FEED = MOL1 + MOL2
CA = FEEDI / (V * K / (FEED - V) + 1)
V(I) = FEEDI - CA
GAS = GAS + V(I)
NEXT I
IF ABS(GAS - V) < .5 THEN GOTO LANJ
V = GAS
GOTO MUL
LANJ:
RETURN
BUBBLE:
Y=0
FOR I = 1 TO N
PI = AT(I) - BT(I) / (CT(I) + T)
PI = EXP(PI) / 760
K(I) = PI / PAK
Y = Y + K(I) * X(I)
NEXT I
RETURN
LATEN:
' PANAS PADA TOP PRODUCT =
' PANAS PENGUAPAN DIHITUNG PADA SUHU NORMAL BOILING POINT
' DITAMBAH PANAS SENSIBLE DARI NORMAL BOILING POINT KE SUHU SISTEM
' KOEFISIEN M.T. FASA GAS VOLUMETRIS (KYA) (1/det)
HL = 0: HT = 0
TREFF = 298.16
FOR I = 1 TO N
HL(I) = CP(I) * (TNB(I) - TREFF)
HL = HL + HL(I) * Y(I)
NEXT I
' PANAS PENGUAPAN DIGUNAKAN PADA NORMAL BOILING POINTNYA
FOR I = 1 TO N
HV(I) = HVNB(I)
TE = TNB(I)
HL(I) = (CPA(I) * (T - TE) + CPB(I) / 2 * (T ^ 2 - TE ^ 2) + CPC(I) / 3 * (T ^
HL(I) = HL(I) + CPD(I) / 4 * (T ^ 4 - TE ^ 4)
HL = HL + HL(I) * Y(I)
HT = HT + HV(I) * Y(I)
NEXT I
HV = HT + HL
RETURN
ENTHALPI:
HL = 0: TREFF = 298.16
FOR I = 1 TO N
HS = X(I) * CP(I) * (T - TREFF)
HL = HL + HS
NEXT I
RETURN
<><><><><><><><><><<><><<><><><><><><><><><><>
<>
REAKTOR
<>
<>
PRARANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM BENZOAT <>
<>
DARI TOLUEN DAN UDARA
<>
<>
kapasitas : 100.000 ton/thn
<>
<>
Oleh : Ismanto dan Joko NF
<>
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
JUMLAH REAKTOR
SUHU DALAM REAKTOR
TEKANAN OPERASI
KONVERSI TOLUEN
KADAR KATALIS
1. TOLUEN
5. AIR
= 3 PARAREL
= 498 K
= 25 atm
= .95
= 0.05 %
= 755.756 Kg/m3
= .5902073 Kg/m.jam
= 38.72908
= 1.999401E-08 m2/dtk
= 14.90731 m3/jam
= 11266.29 Kg/jam
= 10997.98 Kg/jam
= 9307.604 Kg/jam
= 12956.66 Kg/jam
= 22264.27 Kg/jam
= 22264.27 Kg/jam
= 25.71714 m3
= 3.351059 m
= 6.702118 m
= 3.351059 m
= 3.351059 m (MINIMAL=DIAMETER)
= 1.10585 m
= 1.394833 put/det
= .6148022 put/det
= 1.464575 put/det
= 87.8745 rpm
= 1.97498E-02 m/s
= .6370807 detik
= .2285034 m/s
= 3.490554E-03
= 3.490554 mm
= 11.09717 % ACCEPTABLE
= MAX 15 % (PERRY, 1984)
= .1248723 1/det
= .640856 1/mol/det
= 2.714709 N/mm2
= 525.7778 K
= 1.600958 inch
= 1.75 inch
= 1.587036 inch
= 1.75 inch
= 2.093578E-03 m
= 2.093578 mm
= 1.274225E-06 m3/s
= 2.680847 m
= 2.834269E-05 m2
= 5.644607 m2
= 199155.7 hole
= 6.280735E-03 m
= 8.746317E-07 m2/s
= .1730291 atm
= 25.17303 atm
DIAMETER
PANJANG BAFFLE
LEBAR BAFFLE
JUMLAH BAFFLE
DAYA TANPA GELEMBUNG GAS
DAYA DG PENGGELEMBUNGAN GAS
= 1.10585 m
= 3.351059 m
= .110585 m
= 4 buah
= 31.5925 hp
= 16.70924 hp
KRN DG GLBUNG GAS DAYA TURUN MK DPAKAI DAYA TANPA GLBUNG GAS
EFISIENSI DAYA
DAYA MOTOR PENGADUK DIPERLUKAN
DIPAKAI MOTOR BERDAYA 75 hp
REYNOLD NUMBER
= 70 %
= 45.13214 hp
= 8256260
= 305 K
= 317 K
= 14976.58 KJ/jam
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
= 30 cm
= 17413.88 KJ/jam
= 32390.46 KJ/jam
= 2616.645 KJ/jam
= 6546228 KJ/jam
= 1945850 KJ/jam
= 8524468 KJ/jam
= 303 K
= 354.9032 K
= 310 K
= 310.1001 K
= 442.95 K
= 129834.7 KJ/jam
= 2.052364E+07 KJ/jam
= 1.733407E+07 KJ/jam
= 3703503 KJ/jam
= 2.526201 KJ/Kg.C
= .6138159 KJ/m.J.K
= 2.429039
= 5754.411 W/m2.K
= 2212.014 W/m2.K
= 1210.864 W/m2.K
= 26.77716 K
= 16.50044 m2
= 82.71271 m
= 5 LAP
LAPISAN KE
DIAMETER PENGADUK
DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
PANJANG TIAP LAPISAN/SET
=1
= 1.10585 m
= 3.160847 m
= 82.71271 m
LAPISAN KE
DIAMETER PENGADUK
DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
=2
= 1.10585 m
= 3.033847 m
= 40.5092 m
LAPISAN KE
DIAMETER PENGADUK
DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
PANJANG TIAP LAPISAN/SET
=3
= 1.10585 m
= 2.906847 m
= 26.41777 m
LAPISAN KE
DIAMETER PENGADUK
DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
PANJANG TIAP LAPISAN/SET
=4
= 1.10585 m
= 2.779847 m
= 19.35324 m
LAPISAN KE
DIAMETER PENGADUK
DIAMETER LAPISAN KOIL
PANJANG TIAP LAPISAN/SET
=5
= 1.10585 m
= 2.652847 m
= 15.09847 m
JUMLAH KOIL/SET/LAPISAN
TINGGI SET KOIL
TINGGI KOIL
TINGGI CAIRAN
= 1.810601
= .2179194 m
= 2.469275 m
= 2.611618 m
= 3.464062 Psi