Klasifikasi Minerals
Saat ini dikenal sekitar 4000 nama mineral, namun sebagian besar
kurang dikenal
Klasifikasi Mineral
kelas
anion
kelas
anion
kelas
anion
Aluminan
Calcian
Ferroan
Ferrian
Magnesian:
Manganoan dll :
Contoh:
Kelas : Silikat (SiO4) -4
sub-kelas: Inosilikat (single chain silicate)
grup : pyroxene ( Rumus umum : XYZ2O6 dimana:
X = Na+, Ca+2, Mn+2, Fe+2, or Mg+2
Y = Mn+2, Fe+2, Mg+2 , Al+3, Cr+3, or Ti+4
Z = Si+4 or Al+3 in tetrahedral coordination.)
Species : Diopside (bhs Indonesia : diopsid ) CaMgSi2O6
Varietas kimia: chromian diopside (CaCrAlSiO6)
contohnya :
magnesian augit,
manganoan aegirin,
ferrian diopsid
2.
3.
graphite (C)
diamond
Au
Kelas sulfida
pirit (FeS2),
biru muda
Halida
halite NaCl
halite- NaCl
Fluorite- CaF2
Cerargyrite-AgCl
dll
Karakteristik:
Fluorite- CaF2
Cerargyrite-AgCl
Kelas oksida
Magnetite--Fe3O4
Franklinite--(Zn, Fe, Mn)(Fe, Mn)2O4
Chromite--FeCr2O4
Chrysoberyl--BeAl2O4
Columbite--(Fe, Mn) (Nb, Ta)2O6
Brucite--MgOH2
Manganite--MnO(OH)
Psilomelane--(Ba, H2O)Mn5O10
Diaspore--HAlO2
Goethite--HFeO2
Bauxite--Aluminum hydrates
Kelas sulfat
Gypsum
Anhydrite
Anhydrous Sulfates
Barite-- BaSO4
Celestite--SrSO4
Anglesite--PbSO4
Anhydrite--CaSO4
Crocoite--PbCrO4
Gypsum--CaSO4 2H2O
Chalcanthite--CuSO4 5H2O
Barite
Kelas Karbonat
calcite group,
kalsit
dolomite group
aragonite group.
rodokrosit
Kelas Silikat
Feldspar
olivin
Mika
Kuarsa
piroksen
Tectosilicates: rangkaian tetrahedra membentuk threedimensional framework yang stabil dan kuat al: kuarsa, felspar dll
http://www.geologycafe.com/images/2week_5.jpg
Nesosilicate
Contoh Olivine
Fe Mg SiO4
Mg2SiO4
Definite Range
Isolated silicate
structure
(SiO4)-4 + 2Fe+2
Fe2SiO4
(Fe,Mg) 2 SiO4
Olivine Mineral Group
Inosilicate
E.g., Pyroxenes (Mineral Group)
Single Chain Silicate structure
(SiO3)-2 + Fe+2
FeSiO3
(Fe,Mg) SiO3
MgSiO3
(Fe,Mg) SiO3 Pyroxene
Mineral Group
Ferromagnesian
Cyclosilicates (Rings)
Beryl
Beryl
Common Cyclosilicates
Beryl Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Common accessory mineral in granite pegmatite
Gem varieties Aquamarine, Emerald, Rose Beryl, Golden Beryl
Cordierite (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18nH20
Common mineral in contact metamorphosed argillaceous rocks
Resembles quartz in appearance and hardness (7-7.5)
Tourmaline (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)3(Al,Fe,Mn)6(BO3)3(Si6O18)(OH)4
Phyllosilicate
Structures
Alternating Tetrahedral
and Octahedral layers
bound by large cations or
weak electrostatic bonds
Common Phyllosilicates
Chrysotile
Antigorite
Kaolinite
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Muscovite
Biotite
Lepidolite
Chlorite
Prehnite
Tectosilicates (Framework)
Feldspathoids (Si-poor)
Common in Alkaline (Si-undersaturated) igneous rocks
Leucite KAlSiO4
Nepheline (Na,K)AlSiO4
Sodalite Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2