Peluang dan Tantangan Ekonomi

Islam Menghadapi Kondisi

Perekonomian Indonesia

Masyhudi Muqorobin
Direktur International Program for Islamic Economics and
Finance (IPIEF) UMY
Pengurus Majelis Tarjih dan Tajdid PP Muhammadiyah
Penasihat Ikatan Ahli Ekonomi Islam (IAEI) Pusat

Dipresentasikan pada
Seminar Nasional dan Bazar Produk Syariah
UMKF Keluarga Muslim al-Fatih
Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
22 September 2013

Fokus:
- Apakah ekonomi Islam itu?
- Bagaimana
implementasinya di
Indonesia
(Peluang & Tantangan)

Pendahuluan
Hasanuzzaman:

Pendahuluan

Islamic Banking as the main

player
No Subject
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Banking
Finance
Theory & Methodology
Fiscal Policy
Trade & Commerce
Economic Development
Economic History
Properties
Insurance
Monetary Policy
Waqf
Inheritance
Capital Market
Labor
Marketing
Agriculture
Industries
Corporation
Miscellaneous
Total

Arabic
219
297
317
199
165
102
29
79
45
30
49
45
10
23
10
14
14
10
173
1830

Language
English
713
557
498
130
102
157
99
28
53
66
21
3
34
15
18
10
14
10
65
2593

Malay
15
26
48
23
16
7
5
1
2
3
7
0
4
1
0
1
14
10
6
189

Total

947
880
863
352
283
266
133
108
100
99
77
48
48
39
28
25
14
10
244
4564

20.75
19.28
18.91
7.71
6.20
5.83
2.91
2.37
2.19
2.17
1.69
1.05
0.33
0.85
0.61
0.55
0.31
0.22
5.35
100

Ekonomi Islam = Kapitalisme +

Sosialisme?
Banyak yang secara serampangan
mengakatakan bahwa ekonomi
Islam adalah rangkuman dari
kapitalisme dan sosialisme
ditambah zakat dikurangi riba.
Sebaliknya justru kapitalisme dan
sosialisme lah yang mendapatkan
kontribusi besar dari pemikiran
ekonomi Islam, namun dengan

Ekonomi Islam = Kapitalisme +

Sosialisme?
+ Zakat

- Riba

Zhulm +

- Values

Melacak Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi

Western
Civilization
Grrece
300 BC

Sholastic
school
12-15 AD

Enlighte
nment

Physiocra
t
1755-1775
Classical
Economists
(Adam
Smith)
1776

Biblical
Sources
unknown

Mercantilis
ts
16-18 AD

Mainstream
Economics
20th Century

Islamic
Civilization

Golden
Age of
Islam
10-15 AD

Divine
Revelati
on
Earlier
Age of
Islam
610 AD

Modern
Islamic
Economics

The age
of Islam

Emergence
of Islam?

Basic Philosophy
Landasan Iman ilmu dan amal

Tujuan Sistem Ekonomi

Islam

Tujuan Ekonomi Islam (Maqashid Syariah)

Falah
Ukhrawi

Ultimate
Ends
Means
Conventional
economics

Worldly
Falah

Economic
activities

Ultimate
Ends
Means
Transitional
Ends
Means
Islamic
economic
s

Implementasi
Sistem Ekonomi
Islam

HIPOTESIS TURBULENSI
GEOPERADABAN
(versi Bambang
Sudibyo)
2010
TIMUR

BARAT

MONGOLIAN
ANGLO SAXON

ARYAN
SEMITHIAN

INDO JERMAN
LATIN

ABAD
16

17

18

19

MENJELANG MOMENTUM KEBERIMBANGAN ADL MASA YG

KRITIS: YG LAGI MENURUN
CENDERUNG MELAKUKAN
PREEMPTIVE STRIKE SEBE-LUM
KEKUATAN MENJADI BERIMBANG
03/10/16

20

21

22

23

24

25

ECONOMIST 18 DES. 2010 HAL. 137: GDP CINA

AKAN > AS PD TAHUN:
GOLDMAN SACHS (2003): 2041;
GOLDMAN SACHS (2010): 2027;
STANDARD CHARTERED (2010): 2020
ECONOMIST (2010): 2019-2022
13

Pergeseran Kekuatan Ekonomi Global

Pergeseran Kekuatan Ekonomi Global

1) Asia Tengah

2) Asia Tenggara

Kebangkitan Ekonomi Islam Global

1) Timur Tengah
2) Asia Selatan

3) Asia Tenggara
4) Afrika Utara

5) Eropa Barat
6) Amerika Utara

Islamic Banking
sebagai
Leading Sector

Perkembangan Perbankan Islam

Perkembangan Perbankan Islam

Perkembangan Perbankan Islam

Islamic Banking
in Indonesia

Kesyariahan Bank Syariah: Praktek

Tabel 1
Komposisi Pembiayaan BUS, UUS dan BPRS dua tahun terakhir
BUS & UUS
BPRS
No

Akad

1
2

Mudharabah
Musyarakah

2011
Rp (m)
%
10.203
10,47
18.209
18,69

Murabahah

53.003

54,40

64.544

4
5
6
7
8

Salam
Istishna
Ijarah
Qardh
Lainnya

0
325
3.561
12.135
0

0,00
0,33
3,65
12,45
0

0
320
5.044
11.179
0

0,00
0,28
4,47
9,91
0

20
23.673
13.815
72.095
89.230

0,00
0,88
0,52
2,69
3,33

552
22.853
19.316
76.328
127.033

0,02
0,74
0,62
2,46
4,09

Total

97.436

100

112.844

100

2.675.930

100

3.105.951

100

Diolah dari Statistik Perbankan Indoensia

2012
Rp (m)
%
10.482
9,29
21.275
18,85

2011
Rp (jt)
%
75.807
2,83
246.796
9,22

57,20 2.154.494

80,51

2012
Rp (jt)
%
85.799
2,76
264.210
8,51

2.509.860 80,81

Arsitektur Perbankan Islam di

National
economic objective:
Indonesia
Enhancing Economic Growth, Poverty Alleviation
& Reducing Unemployment

Sound, efficient, and stable Indonesia financial

system that support economic growth

Indonesian Banking
Architecture
Islamic Banking
Developmet Program

Perkembangan Bank Islam di Indonesia

AgreementIntroducing
for
the dual
establishing banking
Islamic
system
bank

Introducing
Converting
the
to full
instruments Fledged
of Islamic
Islamic
monetary bank
Phase 3 (1998 1999)
system
Phase 4 (1999 2002)

Phase 1 (1990 1992)

Phase 2 (1992 1998)

Complying with Integration

Strengthen
internationalwith Islamic
ing
Financial
standards for
Industrial
Market
financial pro
Structure
ducts and
Phase 1 (2002 2004)
Periode 2002 sekarang)
services

Placing strong
base for
sustainable
development

Perkembangan Bank Islam di

Indonesia
2005 2006

2007

2008 2009

2010

Islamic Banks

10

Number of Office

304

349

401

581

711

1151

Islamic Business
Unit

19

20

26

27

25

23

Number of Office

154

183

196

241

287

237

Islamic Rural Bank

92

105

114

131

138

154

Number of Office

92

105

185

202

225

278

Sumber Bank Indonesia

Principles of Islamic Banking & Finance

The main function of Islamic
banking system is to change the
prohibited single-sector
transactions to permitted doublesector transactions
Riba anSale/
nasiah
Trade
Riba al-fadhl
single-sector
transactions

double-sector
transactions

A Move from risk-shifting to risksharing

Riskshifting

murabah
ah
Revenue sharing
Profit
sharing

Interest-base
System

Risksharing

Profit/loss
sharing
Equity-base
System

Keterbatasan
SDM Ekonomi
Islam

Keterbatasan SDM
Currently the urge for
human resource
development in Islamic
economics, banking and
finance remains
undebated
Thus, Islamization of
economics and econmic

The Call for

Islamization Project

Uniting economics
and Islamic Values
or
instilling Islamic
values into
economics?

The Necessary Steps Leading to

Islamization of Knowledge
Mastery of the
Modern Discipline

Mastery of the
Islamic Legacy: the
Anthology
Mastery
of the
Disciplinary Survey 2
4
Islamic Legacy:
Analysis
5 Establishment of
Specific Rele- vance of
Islam to the Discipline
Critical Assessment
Critical Assessment
6
7
of the Modern
of the Islamic
Discipline Survey of the Ummahs
Legacy
8
Major Problems
9 Survey of the Problems
of Humankind
1

10 Creative Analysis and

Synthesis
11 Creating Discipline
under Islamic
Disseminating Islamic
12 Framework
Knowledge

Disseminating Islamic
Economics
Basis: Higher Education Undergrade
(S-1)
PhD Level
Masters levels

Pattern of
development in
quality

Undergrade
(D3/S1)

Secondary
Level
Lower Secondary
Level
Primary

Pattern of
development in
quantity

 FE: terdapat 145 Prodi Ilmu

Ekonomi, baru terdapat
beberapa FE (mungkin <10)
yang menyelenggarakan
program ekonomi Islam untuk
S-1 yang telah terakreditasi di
BAN PT
FAI: terdapat 41 prodi

Keputusannya ada pada kita!

Hai orang-orang yang beriman, bertakwalah

kepada Allah dan tinggalkan sisa riba (yang
belum dipungut) jika kamu orang-orang yang
beriman.
Maka jika kamu tidak mengerjakan
(meninggalkan sisa riba), maka ketahuilah,
bahwa Allah dan Rasul-Nya akan
memerangimu. Dan jika kamu bertaubat (dari

Terima kasih
&
Wallahu alam
bishshawab