ETIKOLEGAL
Agus Purwadianto.
Jakarta, 2013
3 Masa Depan Dr
(dari Praktiknya)
Persoalan Dental
Drg non spesialis membujuk
remaja kurang PD utk pasang
behel
Mhsw FKG meminta tolong tukang
gigi membuatkan prosto
Drg penderita HIV msh ngotot
praktek
Drg Spes BM dikonsul trauma wajah
o/ dokter spes kulit
Persoalan Farmasi
Ketergantungan bahan baku obat
Obat mahal & palsu
Rendahnya minat apoteker komunitas yg
dukung saintifikasi jamu
Konflik etikolegal industri DN - LN
Komisi ke Dr kepatuhan pd Mexico
City Principles
Penguasaan alkes & biologicals KL
Principles
Persoalan Ners
Disparitas kompetensi & subsistensi
Orientasi kuratif abai paradigma
sehat (inkonsisten dg filosofi
keperawatan)
Kurang jelas jabaran tindakan
keperawatan dlm praktek
Belum advokator pasien
1980
Pharmacist
Clergy
Firefighter
Teacher
Police
Doctor
Dentist
Accountant
Stock Broker
Lawyer
Funeral Director
Politician
1995
Firefighter
Pharmacist
Teacher
Dentist
Clergy
Stock Broker
Doctor
Accountant
Funeral Director
Police
Lawyer
Politician
Medis atau
etis?
Indikasi
Biomedik
medik
Keputusan
Medis
Keputusan
etis
Infomedik
pilihan pasien
kualitas hidup
fitur kontekstual
Physicians competence
HOLISTIC
Valid evidence
Patients values
FROM STUDIES
PATIENTS PREFERENCE
inter-subyektivitas
(bukan obyektivitas) JAMU DIPAKAI & BERMANFAAT
(Riskesdas 2010)
sinergi
BIOKULTURAL
INFOMEDIK
Kedokt sosial
kesmas
WELLNESS
Sisi sakit
Orang sakit
Kedokt Klinis
Bioetika = abstrak ?
KONTEKS :
BENAR/SALAH ?
1.BENEFICIENCE : SIKAP/BERBUAT
BAIK
(1)
1.BENEFICIENCE : SIKAP/BERBUAT
BAIK
(2)
Memandang pasien/keluarga/sesuatu
1.BENEFICIENCE : SIKAP/BERBUAT
BAIK
(3)
kepada
siapapun termasuk yang
tidak kita kenal ( bebas dari ..... =
impartially), merupakan etika normative
kewajiban mutlak
profesi, khususnya secara psikologis.
3.JUSTICE : KEADILAN
(1)
Yes No
Promoting altruism
Guaranteeing human dignity
Viewing patient/family not as profit
objects
Maximize agregat net benefit
Compassionate paternalism
Guaranteeing minimal life of patient
Restricting goal based approach
Maximize patient satisfaction
Group No.
Tutors name
Yes No
Group No.
Tutors name
Yes No
Avoiding misrepresentation to P
Group No.
Tutors name
Yes No
Tutors name
Yes No
Yes N
o
Yes No
Group No.
Tutors name
Medical
Indication
Beneficen
ce
Profesionalisme SH
Non Maleficence
Autonomy
Justice
Cara =
Logic Thinking critical analysis
Profesionalisme DR
2 KDB RIGID
Logika PENGGUGAT
Hrs diimbangi
Select of 67 cases
WHO SEARO
Our own
(Dr. Tenars) cases
Group
Presentation
Plennary
Patients preference
Beneficence
Autonomy
Non Maleficence
Contextual features
Quality of life
Value-based medicine
Justice
Clinical Decision
EBM
Making
Medical
Indication
Beneficen
ce
Deductive logic
Non Maleficence
Autonomy
Justice
principles
rules
KODEKI
Particular/
Concrete case
KEBEKUAN LOGIKA
Pada model biomedik yg monolit
kebenaran tunggal membungkam
daya kritis mhsw cara pikir IPA
Belajar konteks (IPS) selain
kritis juga KREATIF
Medical
Indication
Beneficen
ce
pihak II
Umum
BAIK
kranjang
Sampah
TROEF = berubah
menjadi
Non Maleficence
pihak II
kesakitan/
menderita,
gadar,pra-cacat
Distress
Rentan
uzur,
terjepit
tanpa pilihan
Miskin
bodoh.
Autonomy
capable
person
bebas
Elektif
rentang >>
hak pilih a
// DRnya
Justice
pihak III
Non pasien
wakil/wali
kluster pop
Komunitas
Penyandang
dana
Berpotensi
Dirugikan/
Paling krg
diuntungkan
CONTEXTUALITY CLINICAL
SETTING
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
SELF
OTHERS
ORGANIZATION
SOCIETY
Medical
Indication
Beneficen
ce
ENRICHMENT OF
JUSTIFICATION
Non Maleficence
Autonomy
Justice
VALUE
CONFORM
CREATIVE THINKING
Determine
Determine
what is at
issue
What is
unsatisfactory-what is
wrong?
What is the REAL
issue here for me?
Is there a moral or
ethical threat to me or
someone else?
Would this be a
problem if a different
person was involved?
Options
What options do I
have?
Outcomes
Recycle
After an option is
chosen, Return to
see if the original
question is still valid.
Landasan komunikasi yg
etis
Beneficence
3
Time
Non 1b
maleficence
Vu ln erab les,
emerg en cy, lif e
sav in g , min o r
Autonomy
1a
2
Justice
> 1 p erso n , o th ers
similari ty, co mmu n ity /
so cial s rig h ts
Profession
To profess = to proclaim something
publicly
The act = trustworthiness =
commitment to an ideal to which
they should conform = the essence
of profession
To be competent to help patients
To have the patients best interests
in mind
Etika Dokter RI
di KODEKI IHSAN
Kemurnian niat = sikap moral tanpa
Metode AP
Insight
Core Problem of
context
Keywords - text
Metode AP
PASAL KODEKI
PENJELASAN PASAL
CAKUPAN PASAL
Basic
Moral
Principle
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
Metode AP
APAKAH MENGORBANKAN SALAH SATU BAYI = NON MALEFICENCE ?
Metode AP
Prima Facie
Principle
Context vs Text
Choose 1-2 out
of 4 most
relevan
(problem
solving)
Metode AP
Ethics
Theory
Virtue - eudamonia
Duty - deontologist
Utilitarian
teleologist eg
happiness /
consequentialist
Metode AP
Ethical
Relativism
Culture
Custom
Metode AP
EBM : PROGNOSIS
IMUNO-KOMPROMAIS VS KOSMETIS
BALON KADES SBG SPONSOR DANA
Ethical
Dilemma
Science &
technology
determinant
Societal &
capital
determinant
Ceteris
Paribus
Choose 1 most
influential
principle
Ethical
Problem
Solving
Consistency
Coherent
Corespondency
Pragmatic
Metode AP
Metode AP
PROFESIONALISM
Responsibility
Accountability
EthicoLegal
Option
Liability
Administrative
Penal
Civil
PARADOKS :
1 kesuksesan
DSp senior/
konsultan yg dosen
FK/pemguasa RS
DSp
PPDS basah
/DPU/DU senior
Puskes
BANYAK penderitaan
24 Jam
PTT
Preklinik
PPDS minor
Koasisten
Pasca PTT
Karyawan biasa
Charter on
Medical Professionalism
Fundamental Principles:
relevansi
Principle
of primary of patient
welfare = beneficence + non
maleficence
Principle of patient autonomy
Principle of social justice
Annals of Internal Medicine, Vol 136 Issue 3, 5 Feb 2002
http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/136/3/243
Professional Responsibilities
Commitment to improving access to
care
Commitment to a just distribution of
finite resources
Commitment to scientific knowledge
Commitment to maintaining trust by
managing conflict of interest
Commitment to professional
Please visit : www.professionalism.org
responsibilities
Professional Responsibilities
Commitment to professional
competence
Commitment to maintaining
appropriate relations with patients
Dinamika Pengertian
Hukum
Medikolegal/legal
Etikolegal
PELANGGARAN DISIPLIN =
nir tanggungjawab PERKONSIL 7/
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kelalaian dlm
penatalaksanaan
pasien
7. Pemeriksaan &
pengobatan
berlebihan
8. Tdk berikan informasi
jujur, etis & adekuat
9. Tdk laksanakan
informed consent
10.Sengaja tdk buat/
menyimpan rekam
medik.
6.
Medikolegal-EtikoLegal
Masa
kini
Masa
lalu
Moralitas
Etika
Ide
Produk
Hukum
Legislasi
Perancangan
Masih valid
Evaluasi
Produk
Hukum
Hukum
Masa
depan
Medis
Hukum
Masih LAYAK
diterapkan?
Medis
Evalu
asi
Demi kepentingan
terbaik-ku
Rk ayo rk !!
Kerjasama Tim
Lindungi Pasien
dari Risiko
Ethico-legal System
Agus Purwadianto, 2005
CONTEXTUALITY
MEDICAL INDICATION
Health Personnel
Health Facilities
Health system
Law as
social engineering
BALLANCING
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Value of
Health
Medical Goals
PROFESSIONALISM
Patients Safety
Responsibility
Ethics
Accountability
Discipline
Liability
Professional
Dignity
SOCIAL CONTRACT
Patient/Client
Family
BEST INTEREST,
PREFERENCES,
Community
Society
QUALITY OF LIFE
PUBLIC TRUST
BALLANCING
VIA BIOETIKA