Elizabeth P, dr.,
SpKFR
REHABILITASI MEDIK
B A G I A N I N T E G R A L D A R I P E L A YA N A N
K E D O K T E R A N K E S E H A TA N YA N G
B E R K A I TAN L A N G S U N G D E N G A N
T E RWU J U D N YA K U A L I TAS H I D U P
S E O R A N G PAS I E N
Disabilitas (disability):
keterbatasan atau kekurangan kemampuan untuk melakukan
aktivitas dalam lingkup wajar bagi manusia yang disebabkan
oleh hendaya
Kecacatan (handicap):
hambatan dalam individu yang diakibatkan oleh hendaya dan
disabilitas yang membatasi atau pemenuhan peran yang wajar
seseorang sesuai dengan faktor umur, seks, sosial, budaya.
Ortotik prostetik
CAKUPAN LAYANAN RM
Rehabilitasi Neuromuskular
Rehabilitasi Muskuloskeletal
Rehabilitasi Pediatri
Rehabilitasi Geriatri
Rehabilitasi sistem Respirasi
Rehabilitasi Kardiovaskuler
Rehabilitasi Cedera Olahraga
REHABILITASI
MUSKULOSKELETAL
SCOLIOSIS
Lengkung lateral
vertebra > 10
Nyeri pinggang dan
berkurang dengan
istirahat
Ro: menentukan sudut
Cobb / beratnya
kemiringan kurva
Th /:
kurva 20 : observasi,
edukasi, exercise,
rontgen ulang tiap 6
bulan
PRECAU ROM
PERIOD TION
Day
No
Active
one passive
MUSCLE
FUNCTIONAL
STRENGTH
ACTIVITIES
Isometric
Ambulatory
WEIGHTBEARING
Depending
on
one
week
hip
ambulation
withcrutches
fractures
or knee
knee. No
or
those
rotation
treated by plating or
on
external
fixator.
planted
foot
progresstofull weight
bearingastolerated
TIME
PRECAU ROM
PERIOD TION
Two Avoid
Active,
four
rotation active
weeks
on
MUSCLE
FUNCTIONAL
STRENGTH
ACTIVITIES
Isometric
Ambulatory
exercises to stand-pivot
affecte
e ROM glutei,
WEIGHTBEARING
Depending
treatment, toe-touch
on
partial
weight
fractures
treated by plating or
with and
raising
withcrutches
or
those
external
planted
passive
Weight
ROM
closer
fractures
to
weeks
fixator.
bearing as
TIME
PRECAU ROM
PERIOD TION
Four Avoid
Active/
MUSCLE
FUNCTIONAL
STRENGTH
ACTIVITIES
Resistive
Stand/pivot
six
weeks
on
Depending
on
partial
WEIGHTBEARING
withcrutches
extremit knee
exercises to
the quads,
plating or external
the foot
hamstrings
planted
andglutei
bearing for
with
fractures
stable
TIME
PRECAU ROM
PERIOD TION
MUSCLE
FUNCTIONAL
STRENGTH
ACTIVITIES
Progressive
Regular
WEIGHTBEARING
Eight Avoid
Active/
twelve torsion
passive resistive
weeks
loading
of
femur
knee
bearing as
forambulation fractures.
Partial
hamstrings
andglutei
unstablefractures.
TIME
PRECAU
ROM
PERIOD TION
Twelve
None
MUSCLE
FUNCTIONAL
STRENGTH
ACTIVITIES
Active/pass Progressive
Regular
transfers.
sixteen
weeks
hip
knee
and to
hamstrings
quads, forambulation.
and
glutei. Isokinetic
exercises to the
quadriceps
hamstrings
and
Stadium akhir
Inflamasi fragmen
kartilago
Osteofit
Subchondral
sclerosis & bone
cysts
ETIOLOGI
1. Usia
- lebih banyak terjadi pada usia
lanjut
2. Obesitas
- wanita dan pria gemuk lebih
mungkin timbul OA daripada yang
kurus
- lutut dan panggul yang merupakan
BB tubuh harus menanggung 2,5 10
kali BB seseorang
- selama berjalan tekanan kira-kira 3
kali BB di teruskan melalui lutut,
3. Aktfitas fisik
aktifitas fisik yang tidak teratur dan
berlebihan disertai trauma berulang
merupakan resiko tinggi terjadinya OA,
misalnya : Buruh tambang (pada
lumbal
dan lutut), pemintal kapas (jari-jari tangan)
4. Faktor genetik
5. Faktor Hormonal
PATOGENESIS
1. Lesiprimer pada rawan sendi
mengakibatkan putusnya rawan sendi,
selanjutnya terjadi perubahan sekunder
pada tulang
2. Trauma berulang tulang Subkondral
kaku penurunan elastisitas pada sendi
mengakibatkan tekanan kompresi,
absorbsi utama pada rawan sendi cukup
dari pada tulang Subkondral. Beban
meningkat
rawan sendi menjadi rusak
GEJALA KLINIS
1. Nyeri sendi
- merupakan keluhan utama (biasanya
saat aktifitas) dan bisa berkurang saat
istirahat
2. Kaku sendi
terutama setelah istirahat dan bangun
tidur pagi. Kaku sendi tidak berlangsung
lama antara 15 menit dan kurang dari 30
menit, dan dapat berkurang atau
menghilang dengan aktifitas.
3. Gangguan fungsi
- lingkup grak sendi menjadi
berkurang / terbatas, misalnya pada:
Jari-jari tangan (buka-tutup botol)
Lutut kesulitan fleksi/ekstensi
Tulang punggung sukar
membungkuk, memutar balik badan
4. Krepitasi
timbul akibat hilangnya rawan sendi
dan permukaan sendi yang tidak rata
lagi
5. Bengkak sendi
hal ini terjadi biasanya akibat sinovitis
sekunder, penurunan PH jaringan,
pengumpulan cairan dalam ruang sendi
yang akan menimbulkan
pembengkakan dan peregangan simpai
sendi
6. Deformitas
disebabkan destruksi lokal rawan sendi
DIAGNOSIS
Ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis,
pemeriksaan fisik, radiologis dan bila
perlu laboratorium
Pemeriksaan laboratorium
Darah : LED dan Darah rutin normal
Faktor Rheumatoid negatif
Anti Nuclear faktor / ANA negatif
Urin normal
Cairan Sinovial : Viskositas baik
kekentalan mucin normal
PENATALAKSANAAN REHABILITASI OA
I. Umum :
- meningkatkan fungsi
- mempertahankan fungsi
- mencegah disfungsi
II. Khusus :
1. Edukasi
- proteksi sendi mencegah beban
berlebihan
- mempertahankan postur yang baik
2. Modalitas
- panas : infra red, diatermi,
hidroterapi, ultrasound
untuk mengurangi nyeri dan
kekakuan otot
- dingin : ice packs
untuk mengurangi termperatur kulit /
otot
dan mengurangi nyeri
3. Terapi okupasi
- terutama untuk otot-otot tangan
- latihan aktifitas hidup sehari-hari agar
mandiri
4. Ortosis (alat bantu)
- mengurangi nyeri dengan memperbaiki
weight
bearing sendi
- mengurangi gerakan di sekitar sendi
yang nyeri
- membuat sendi yang tidak stabil
menjadi stabil
- memperbaiki pola gerakan
- contoh : tongkat, splint, brace
5.
Latihan
- mempertahankan lingkup gerak
sendi
- reedukasi dan menguatkan otot
(latihan
isometrik, isotonik)
- meningkatkan endurance
(aerobik)
- meningkatkan densitas tulang
- meningkatkan fungsi secara
keseluruhan
6. Obat- obatan
- analgesik
- NSAID (oral, injeksi, topikal)
- steroid
- muscle relaxan
- supplementation (hyaluronate,
glucosamin - chondroitin)
- neurotropik
32
PHASES IN HEALING IN
MCL
I. Acute inflammatory & reaction: 72
hours post injury.
II. Repair & regeneration: 72 hours-6
weeks.
fibroblasts proliferative produce a
matrix of proteogllycan & collagen
(type III collagen) bridge between
the torn ends.
33
PHASES IN HEALING
next 6 weeks: organized matrix
(type I collagen)
cellular proliferation
III. Remodeling / maturation:
6 weeks - 12 months
is marked by aligment of collagen fibers
collagen matrix maturation
continues for years
34
THERAPY
Treatment of all grades aggressive,
non operative rehabilitation program.
Functional rehabilitation treatment
program more rapid recovery
result equal or superior to those
obtained with surgery or prolonged
immobilization.
Abnormal MCL laxity functional
hinge brace support & protect full
ROM during rehabilitation.
35
REHABILITATION
Progression on rehabilitation activities &
return to sport are based on the
attainment of functional goals rather
than arbitrary time periods.
The average time return to sport varies
with both grade & sport.
Sport that place more stress on the MCL,
such as soccer, may require a longer
period of healing before return to play.
36
PHASE 1
Goals
o Normal gait
o Minimal swelling
o Full ROM
o Baseline quadriceps control
37
PHASE 1
Cryotherapy
o Therapeutic cold via ice packs or other
means is applied to medial aspect of the
knee for 20 min every 3-4 hour for the
first 48 hour.
o Early cryotherapy provides anesthesia &
local vasoconstriction to minimize initial
hemorrhage & reduce secondary edema.
Leg elevation also helps limit swelling.
38
COLD PACKS
39
PHASE 1
Weight-bearing
o Allowed as tolerated.
o Crutches are used until the patients
ambulates without a limp, which takes
approximately 1 week.
o For grade 2 & 3 sprains, a lightweight
hinged brace is worn protect against
valgus stresses but not restrict motion &
inhibit muscle function.
40
PHASE 1
Exercise
o Immediate ROM exercise.
o Towel extension exercise & prone hangs
obtain extension/hyperextension.
o Flexion sits at the end of a table.
o Supine wall slide.
o Heel slide.
o Stationary bike restoration of motion.
The bicycle seat is set as high as
possible & gradually lowered to
increase flexion.
o Isometric quadriceps sets & SLR
41
minimize atrophy.
PRONE HANG
42
Supine wallslides
43
Heel slide
44
STATIONARY BICYCLE
45
Quadriceps strengthening
46
47
PHASE 2
Goal
Restoration of the strength of the
injured leg to approximately 80-90%
of the uninjured leg.
Bracing
Continued use of the lightweight
hinged brace.
48
PHASE 2
Exercise
Strengthening exercise begins with 4-inch
step-up & 30 squats without weights.
Light resistance exercise of knee
extension, leg presses & curls. Sets with
lighter weight but higher repetitions.
Recurrent pain & swelling too rapid
progression program should be
slowed.
Upper body, aerobic & further lower
extremity conditioning swimming,
stationary cycling &/ a stair climber.
49
Step
ups
50
Mini squat
51
Leg press
52
PHASE 3
Goals
Completion of a running program.
Completion of series of sportspecific activities.
Bracing
Continued use of the brace is
recommended during this phase &
for the rest of the athletic season
protect against further injury &
provides psychologic support.
53
PHASE 3
Exercise
A progressive running program
commences with fast speed walking
light jogging straight-line
running sprinting.
Agility cutting & pivoting.
If pain or swelling occurs program
is amended appropriately.
Continued input from trainer or
physical
therapist
providing
progress report & guidance in
appropriate performance.
54
Agility training
55
RETURN TO SPORT
Permitted when athlete can complete
a functional testing program including:
a long run.
Progressively more ra pid sprints.
Cutting & pivoting drills.
Appropriate sport-specific tests.
56
REHABILITATION AFTER
ANTERIOR COLLATERAL
LIGAMENT INJURY
Sepeda statik
Lateral stepping
Latihan agility
Latihan jumping
Latihan endurance
Jogging
Skipping