Drs Erlis Alnur-BUNYIDASARINGGRIS
Drs Erlis Alnur-BUNYIDASARINGGRIS
BAHASA INGGRIS
PLUS
REGULAR DAN IRREGULAR VERBS
H
AID – AIDE [èid]
ALL TOGETHER – ALTOGETHER [,o:ltэ'gèðэ]
[trèd] [trod] ['trodn] [trèdiŋ]
Hal
Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar
Bagian Pertama 5
Alfabet Bhs.Inggris
Bagian Kedua 10
Bunyi hidup/vowel
Bagian Ketiga 15
Bunyi mati/konsonan
Bagian Keempat 26
Bunyi diftong
Bagian Kelima 29
DaftarPustaka 57
2
KATA PENGANTAR
3
Penggunaan tanda baca merupakan kombinasi dari pengucapan
RP(Received Pronunciation), Inggris Amerika dan ucapan bunyi bahasa
Indonesia untuk memudahkan penggunaannya.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam buku kecil ini tentunya terdapat
kekurangan-kekurangan dan kami menantikan kritik yang membangun demi
kesempurnaan buku kecil ini.
Semoga berguna dan bermanfaat.
ERLIS ALNUR
4
5
Bagian Pertama
Pada bagian ini anda akan diajak untuk melafalkan alfabet bahasa
Inggris dan diminta mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh guru/instruktur.
Alfabet bahasa Inggris mempunyai jumlah yang sama dalam bahasa
Indonesia yakni sebanyak 26 buah. Kini marilah kita latih masing-masing
alfabet tersebut. Pertama-tama ucapkan masing-masing bunyi 2 kali. Ikuti
contoh yang diberikan oleh guru.
A [èi] B [bi:] C [si:] D [di:] E [i:]
F [èf] G [ d i:] H [èit∫ ] I [ai] J [d èi]
K [khèi] L [èl] M [èm] N [èn] O [зu]
h
P [p i:] Q [kju:] R [a: ( r )] S [ès] T [thi:]
U [ju:] V [vi:] W [d^bl ju:] X [èks] Y [wai]
Z [zèd] or [zi:]
Sebelum memulai kembali latihan bunyi alfabet harap perhatikan
bunyi bunyi berikut ini:
P [phi:] T [thi:] K [khi:]
Ketiga bunyi tersebut mendapatkan aspirasi yang tidak ada dalam
bahasa Indonesia. Mari kita bedakan bunyi-bunyi tersebut baik dalam
bahasa Indonesia maupun bahasa Inggris. Ucapkan bunyi-bunyi tersebut
masing-masing 3 kali.
6
Bahasa Indonesia Bahasa Inggris
Pi [phi:] 3x
Ti [thi:] 3x
Ki [khi:] 3x
Dapatkah anda merasakan perbedaannya? Sekarang ambil kertas
satu lembar dan letakkan kertas tersebut dekat bibir dan ucapkan bunyi-
bunyi di atas (p, t, k) masing-masing 3x. Sekarang coba ucapkan kembali
bunyi-bunyi tersebut.
[phi:] 3x
h
[t i:] 3x
[khi:] 3x
Jika anda sudah mengucapkannya dengan benar maka kertas
tersebut akan bergoyang ke depan. Kalau belum ulangi lagi dengan
meletakkan jari-jari tangan di depan bibir dan kembali ucapkan bunyi-bunyi
tersebut (p,t,k). Ulangi masing-masing sebanyak tiga kali.
[phi:] 3x
[thi:] 3x
[khi:] 3x
7
Apakah anda merasakan angin yang menerpa jari tangan anda? Jika
anda merasakan terpaan angin maka berarti anda telah berhasil dengan baik.
Jika belum ,jangan bosan untuk melatihnya secara teratur dan terus
menerus.
Kini ulangi mengucapkan semua bunyi alfabet bahasa Inggris
masing-masing 3x.
A [èi] A [èi] A [èi]
B [bi:] B [bi:] B [bi:]
C [si:] C [si:] C [si:]
D [di:] D [di:] D [di:]
E [i:] E [i:] E [i:]
F [èf] F [èf] F [èf]
G [d i:] G [d i:] G [d i:]
H [èit∫ ] H [èit∫ ] H [èit∫ ]
I [ai:] I [ai:] I [ai:]
J [d èi] J [d èi] J [d èi]
h h
K [k èi] K [k èi] K [khèi]
L [èl] L [èl] L [èl]
M [èm] M [èm] M [èm]
N [èn] N [èn] N [èn]
O [эu] O [ эu] O [ эu]
h h
P [p i:] P [p i:] P [phi:]
Q [kju:] Q [kju:] Q [kju:]
R [a:(r )] R [a:(r )] R [a:(r )]
8
S [ès] S [ès] S [ès]
h h
T [t i:] T [t i:] T [thi:]
U [ju:] U [ju:] U [ju:]
V [vi:] V [vi:] V [vi:]
W [d^bl ju:] W [d^bl ju:] W [d ^bl ju:]
X [èks] X [èks] X [èks]
Y [wai] Y [wai] Y [wai]
Z [zèd] Z [zèd] Z [zèd]
[zi:] [zi:] [zi:]
9
bunyi vokal (12 buah) dan diftong (9 buah) yang terdapat
dalam halaman 10, 26. dan 27.
Contoh: Bunyi Diikuti bunyi Kata Diucapkan
p i pint [phaint]
p èi paper ['phèipэ:(r)]
t æ tango ['thæŋgэu]
t ai time [thaim]
k ^ cup [kh^p]
k au cow [khau]
Bunyi-bunyi tersebut diatas harus diaspirasikan, dalam artian disertai
dengan bunyi [h]. Mengapa? Karena, bagi orang Inggris/Amerika
bunyi “time” dan “dime” akan terdengar sama jika bunyi “time”
tidak disertai dengan aspirasi, yakni [thaim]
=§§§§§=
10
Bagian Kedua
11
9. u (pendek) 11.э (pendek)
10.u: (panjang) 12. э: (panjang)
Coba ulangi bunyi-bunyi No.3 dan No.4 sehingga dapat
mengucapkannya dengan baik. Ucapkan bunyi-bunyi tersebut secara
berpasangan berulang kali.
3. è 4.æ 3. è 4. æ 3. è 4. æ
Apakah terdapat perbedaan? Jelas sekali. Pada produksi bunyi No.4
kita harus membuka rongga mulut lebih lebar kesamping dan keatas
sedangkan No.3 hanya kesamping saja. Ingat, bunyi No.4 memerlukan
latihan yang serius dan lama.
Kini tiba saatnya untuk mengulangi bunyi-bunyi hidup di atas
sebanyak-banyaknya.
1. ^ (pendek) 2. a: (panjang)
^ ^ ^ a: a: a:
3. è (pendek) 4. æ (mulut melebar ditarik keatas dan kesamping)
è èè æ æ æ
5. ( כpendek) 6. כ: (panjang)
כ כ כ כ: כ: כ:
7. i (pendek) 8. i: (panjang)
i i i i: i: i:
12
9. u (pendek) 10.u: (panjang)
u u u u: u: u:
11.э (pendek) 12.э:(panjang)
э э э э: э: э:
Sekarang ucapkan bunyi-bunyi tersebut dalam kata-kata di bawah
ini sebanyak 3 X :
1. ^ = cup [kh^p], run [r^n], sun [s^ n], lunch [l^nt∫], cut [kh ^ t], gun
[g^ n]
2. a: = dark [da:(r)k], park [pha:( r)k], bar [ba:(r)], dart [da:(r)t], heart
[ha:(r)t], fart [fa:(r)t]
3. è = ten [thèn], lend [lènd], bend [bènd] men [mèn], den [dèn], pen
[phèn], send [sènd]
4. æ = tan [thæn], land [lænd], band [bænd], man [mæn], Dan [dæn],
pan [phæn],sand [sænd]
5. o = bond [b כnd], lot [l כt], not [n כt], cot [kh כt], hot [h כt], pot [ph כt],
dot [d כt], sot [s כt]
6. o: = norm [n כ:(r)m], form [f כ:(r)m], saw [s כ:], law [l כ:], paw [ph כ:],
straw [str כ:]
7. i = sit [sit], hit [hit], knit [nit], bid [bid], lit [lit], fit [fit], grid [grid],
pit [phit]
8. i: = see - sea [si:], he [hi:], me [mi:], read - reed [ri:d], greed [gri:d]
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9. u = put [phut], book [buk], bull [bul], bully ['buli], full [ful], pull
[phul]
10. u: = stew [stu:], new [nu:], few [fju:],drew [dru:], grew [gru:], brew
[bru:], true [tru:]
11. э = open ['эupэn], student ['stju:dnt], management ['mænid mэnt],
settle ['setl]
12. э: = fur [fэ:(r)], blur [blэ:(r)], dirt [dэ:(r)t], murky ['mэ:(r)ki], heard
[hэ:(r)d], bird [bэ:(r)d], burnt [bэ:(r)nt]
=§§§§§=
14
Bagian Ketiga
15
7. f = dihasilkan dengan meletakkan gigi bagian atas pada bibir
bagian bawah dan hembuskan udara dengan bebas dibunyikan
seperti эf эf эf
8. v = dihasilkan dengan cara yang sama tetapi udara ditahan dengan
gigi dan diucapkan sebagai: vэh vэh vэh
9. θ= dihasilkan dengan meletakkan ujung lidah diantara gigi atas
dan bawah dan kemudian menghembuskan udara lewat gigi.
10. ð = dihasilkan dengan cara meletakkan ujung lidah pada gigi
bagian atas dan kemudian menghembuskan udara sambil
menahan udara yang keluar dengan gigi.
11. s = katupkan gigi atas dan gigi bawah dan hembuskan udara
sehingga terdengar sebagai bunyi ular yang mendesis
12. z = dihasilkan dengan cara yang sama namun udara ditahan oleh
gigi.
13. ∫ = dibunyikan seperti orang mengusir ayam. syэh syэh syэh
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14. = bentuk mulut sama seperti orang mengusir ayam
namun
udara yang dikeluarkan ditahan oleh gigi dibunyikan
seperti yэh yэh yэh
15. t∫ = dihasilkan dengan membulatkan bibir diucapkan seperti
seperti cэh cэh cэh
16. = dihasilkan dengan cara yang sama namun udara yang
dikeluarkan ditahan dengan gigi dan dibunyikan sebagai
эh эh эh
17. h = dihasilkan dengan menghembuskan udara dari
tenggorokan
hэh hэh hэh
18. m = seperti suara sengau dalam bahasa Indonesia yakni
dengan
mengatupkan bibir dan udara dikeluarkan lewat hidung.
19. n = begitu pula dengan bunyi ini sama dengan bunyi pada
bahasa Indonesia.
20 ŋ = diucapkan seperti ng dalam bahasa Indonesia
21. l = diucapkan seperti bunyi l pada bahasa Indonesia.
22. r = diucapkan seperti anjing berebut makanan ataupun [rэh].
23. y = diucapkan seperti yэh.
24. w =diucapkan seperti wэh
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Sekarang ucapkan bunyi-bunyi tersebut masing-masing
sebanyak 3 X.
1. p = paper ['phèipэ:(r)], lip [lip], pot [ph כt], spot [sp כt], pulp [ph ^lp],
drop [dr כp], step [stèp], nap [næp].
2. b = bond [b כnd], blend [blènd], lab [læb],bulb [b^lb], bravo
[ bra:'vэu], lobe [lэub], slab [slæb], crab [kræb].
3. k = book [buk], take [thèik], kite [khait], clock [kl כk], make
[mèik], break [brèik], keel [khi:l], cone [khэun], arch [a:(r)k].
4. g = dog [d כg], clog [kl כg], gun [g^n], got [g כt], single ['siŋgl],
angle['æŋgl], brag [bræg].
5. t = time [thaim], slit [slit], beat [bi:t],turn [thэ:(r)n], great [grèit], slot
[sl כt], tango ['thæŋgэu], trunk [tr^ŋk].
6. d = drink [driŋk], bed [bèd], dream [dri:m], don't [dэunt], cradle
['krèidl],red [rèd], Andy ['ændi], riddle ['ridl].
7. f = file [fail], lift [lift], leaf [li:f],rifle ['raifl], offer ['ofэ(r)], refund
['ri:f^nd], knife [naif].
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8. v = vain [vèin], of [эv], veto ['vi:thэu], river['rivэ(r)], move
[mu:v],ever ['èvэ(r)], leaves [li:vz], violin [‚vai'эlin].
9. θ = thing [θiŋ], bath [bæθ], breath [brèθ],thin [θin], thought
[θo:t], death [dèθ], thimble [θimbl], oath [эuθ]
10. ð = with [wið ], breathe [bri:ð ], bathe [bèið], those [ðэuz], mother
['m^ðэ(r)], there-their [ðèэ(r)], brother ['br^ðэ( r)].
11. s = kiss [khis], list [list], sap [sæp], lass [læs], fast [fæst], its [its],
sit [sit], rice [rais].
12. z = zoo [zu:], razor ['rèizэ(r)], zeal [zi:l], hazel ['hèizl], maze
[mèiz], zero ['ziэrэu], zink [ziŋk].
13. ∫ = shoe [∫u:], shit [∫it], wash [w ]∫כ, sure [∫uэ], blush [bl^∫ ],
action ['æk∫n], ancient ['èin∫эnt], dictation [dik'tèi∫n].
14. =Asian ['èi эn/èi∫эn], vision ['vi эn], measure ['mè э(r)],
fussion ['fju: эn], seizure ['si: э(r)], Asean['æ èan].
15. t∫ = child [t∫aild], bitch [bit∫], beach [bi:t∫] ,watch [w כt∫], chop
[t∫כp], china ['t∫ainэ].
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16. = general ['d ènэrэl], manager ['mæni э:(r)],giant[' aiэnt],
gigolo[' igэlэu], gin[ in], badge [bæ ], ridge [ri ].
17. h = hot [h כt ], hand [hænd], hide [haid],hit [hit], hood [hud],
bee-hive ['bi:haiv].
18. m = mad [mæd], mint [mint], moon [mu:n], rhyme [raim], Rome
[rэum], blame [blèim],home [hэum], him [him].
19. n = nine [nain], naive [na:'iv], clan [klæn],rain [rèin], hand
[hænd], fan [fæn].
20. ŋ = sing [siŋ ], rang [ræŋ], drink [driŋk],cling [kliŋ], fling [fliŋ],
song [s כŋ].
21. l = ball [b כl], boil [b כil], call [kh כl], lock [l כk], blur [blэ:(r)],
riddle ['ridl], class [klæs], hail [hèil].
22. r = water ['w כ:tэ(r)], right [rait], clear[kliэ(r)], better ['bètэ:(r)],
wrangler ['ræŋglэ(r)], return [ri'tэ:(r)n].
23. y = you [ju:], yes [jès], young [j^ŋ], yawn [j כ:n], yeast [jist].
24. w = wet [wèt], wine [wain], wind [wind],window ['windэu], war
[w כ:(r)].
20
Bunyi s, iz dan z pada kata benda jamak dan kata kerja orang
ketiga tunggal dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense adalah seperti tergambar
dalam contoh-contoh di bawah ini. Pertama-tama ikuti masing-masing
bunyi sebanyak 3X:
s s s
iz iz iz
z z z
CATATAN: 1. Untuk kata benda/kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan
bunyi p,t,k,f dan θ maka bentuk ketiga kata kerja dan
jamaknya dibunyikan sebagai s. Ikuti ucapan guru
masing-masing 3 X:
eats [i:ts], stops [st כps], takes [thèiks], mouths
[mauθs], bluffs [bl^fs] , lips [lips], cats [khæts], docks
[d כks], roofs [rufs].
Kini ikuti ucapkan kata-kata di bawah ini masing-masing
3 X:
Kata benda Kata kerja
bit - bits[bits] bite - bites [baits]
chit - chits[t∫its] write - writes [raits]
map – maps [mæps ] dip - dips [dips]
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lap - laps [læps ] hope - hopes [hэups]
hook - hooks [huks] seek - seeks [si:ks]
sake - sakes [sèiks] lock - locks [l כks]
reef - reefs [ri:fs]
2. Kata benda/kata kerja orang ketiga tunggal yang
berakhiran dengan bunyi desis s,z, ∫, zy, t∫ dan j maka
akhiran -es dibunyikan sebagai :[iz]. Ikuti contoh ucapan
guru/instruktur sebanyak 3 X:
glasses [glæsiz], classes [klæsiz], buzzes [b^ziz],
houses ['hauziz] , watches [w כt∫iz], beaches (bi:t∫iz],
changes [t∫èin iz], stiches [sti:t∫iz], manages
['mænid iz].
3. Bagi kata benda/kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan bunyi
selain pada No.1 & 2 maka bentuk jamak dan orang
ketiga tunggalnya diakhiri dengan bunyi ( z ).
Ikuti contoh pengucapan yang diberikan oleh guru
sebanyak 3 X:
ball - balls [b כlz] bail - bails [bèilz] dog - dogs [d כgz]
brag - brags [brægz] stream - streams [stri:mz] trim
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-trims [trimz] song - songs [s כŋz] sing - sings [siŋz]
sin - sins [sinz] win - wins [winz] draw - draws [dr כ:z]
bed - beds [bèdz] move – moves [mu:vz] baby
babies[bèibiz]
4.Bagi kata kerja yang berakhiran dengan -ed ( kata kerja
+ ed ) maka akhiran –ed tersebut dibunyikan sebagai
berikut:
a) [ t ] jika kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan bunyi p
,k , f , ∫, t∫, θ dan s. Ikuti ucapan bunyi-bunyi di
bawah ini setelah guru/instruktur:
kiss [khis] - kissed [khist] box [b כks] - boxed [b
כkst], bath [bæθ] - bathed [bæθt] xerox ['ziэr כks] -
xeroxed ['ziэr כkst] watch [w כt∫] - watched [w
כt∫t] clutch [kl^t∫ ] - clutched [kl^t∫t] wash [w ]∫כ-
washed [w ∫כt] blush [ bl^∫] - blushed [bl^∫t] bluff
[bl^f] - bluffed [bl^ft] slip [slip] - slipped [slipt]
chop [t∫כp] - chopped [t∫כpt] book [buk] - booked
[bukt] clock [kl כk] - clocked [kl כkt] shock [∫כk] -
shocked [∫כkt]
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b). Dibunyikan [id] jika kata kerjanya berakhir
dengan bunyi [tэh] dan [dэh]. Ikuti contoh di
bawah ini masing-masing 3 X: end [ènd] -
ended [èndid] blend [blènd] - blended [blèndid]
mind [maind] - minded [maindid] wait [wèit] -
waited [wèitid] treat [tri:t] - treated [tri:tid]
shift [∫ift] - shifted [∫iftid]
c). Dibunyikan [d] jika kata kerjanya berakhir
dengan bunyi-bunyi selain yang telah dijelaskan
pada point (a) dan (b). Ikuti pengucapan yang
dilakukan oleh guru/instruktur sebanyak 3 X:
ball [b כl] - balled [b כld] kill [khil] - killed
[khild] moan [mэun] - moaned [mэund] dream
[dri:m] - dreamed [dri:md] row [rэu] - rowed
[rэud] tie [thai] - tied [thaid] move [mu:v] -
moved [mu:vd] brew [bru:] - brewed [bru:d]
pair [p èэ(r)] - paired [phèэ(r)d] tour [thuэ] -
h
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[bèiðd] bar [ba:(r)] - barred [ ba:(r)d] slay [slèi]
-slayed [slèid] dan lain-lainnya.
5. Bunyi-bunyi b,d dan g pada permulaan dan akhir kata
harus dibunyikan seperti contoh berikut:
bag [bæg] , get [gèt] , bank [bæŋk], lab [læb], dog [d
כg] seed [si:d], drug [dr^g], drink [driŋk], crab [kræb].
Bunyi b,d,g ini merupakan “kembaran” dari bunyi p,t,k
karena cara pengucapannya tidak banyak berbeda.
Bedakan bunyi-bunyi tersebut dalam
contoh dibawah ini:
lab [læb] - lap [læp]
bad [bæd] - bat [bæt]
dog [d כg] - dock [d כk]
Jika tidak dibedakan mungkin saja akan
menimbulkan salah pengertian: She’s a bad girl bisa
terdengar menjadi She’s a bat girl. Where’s your dog?
akan terdengar Where’s your dock? ataupun Where’s
your bag? akan terdengar Where’s your back?
Usahakan agar dapat mengucapkan bunyi-bunyi di
bawah ini dengan sempurna dan memperhatikan
perbedaannya:
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bad bat bed bet
[bæd] [bæt] [bèd] [bèt]
karena jika tidak bunyinya akan sama yakni seperti
ini:
[bèt] [bèt] [bèt] [bèt]
6. Bunyi-bunyi lainnya kecuali ada penjelasan lain juga
harus dibunyikan. Lihat bagian The Silent Letters
(Huruf-huruf yang tidak dibunyikan)
=§§§§§=
26
Bagian Keempat
28
au = clown [klaun], now [nau], crown [kraun], how [hau], trousers
['trauzэ:(r)z],
эu = ago [ э'gэu ], home [hэum], so [sэu], blow [blэu], low [lэu], don't
[dэunt]
iэ = beer [biэ(r)], fear [fiэ(r)], deer-dear [diэ(r)] tear [t hiэ(r)], here
[hiэ(r)]
eэ = tear [thèэ(r)], hair - hare [hèэ(r)], dare [dèэ(r)], Blair [blèэ(r)], wear
[wèэ(r)]
uэ = pure [pjuэ(r)], duel ['dju:эl], truant [truэnt], fuel [fjuэl], truest
[truэst], tour [tuэ(r)]
auэ = power ['phauэ(r)] , shower ['∫auэ(r)], hour ['auэ(r)] tower ['thauэ(r)]
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Bagian Kelima
I. HOMONYMS
AID – AIDE [èid] ALL READY – ALREADY [כ:l'rèdi] ALL TOGETHER
– ,ALTOGETHER [כ:ltэ'gèðэ] ALTAR – ALTER [כ:l'tэ] BIRTH -
BERTH[bэ:( r)θ] BREAK - BRAKE [brèik] BERRY - BURY ['bèri]
BUY- BY [bai] CAPITAL – CAPITOL ['khæpitl] CELLAR – SELLER
['sèlэ] CELL - SELL [sèl] SCENT - SENT [sènt] CITE – SITE [sait]
COMPLEMENT – COMPLIMENT [ 'k כmplimэnt] COUNCIL –
h
COUNSEL ['k aunsl] THEY'VE [ðèiv] DEER- DEAR [diэ(r)] DIE - DYE
[dai] DISCREET – DISCRETE [di'skri:t] DUAL – DUEL ['dju:эl ]
FLAIR – FLARE [flèэ(r)] FLOUR - FLOWER ['flauэ(r)]
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FOREWORD – FORWARD ['f כ:wэd] FOURTH – FORTH [f ( כr)θ]
GUESSED- GUEST [gèst] GIBE – JIBE [jaib] GORILLA – GUERILLA
[gэ'rilэ] HEAL - HEEL [hi:l] HOARD – HORDE [h כ:(r)d ] HEAR -
HERE [hiэ(r)] HIM - HYMN [him] HIGHER - HIRE [haiэ(r)] HOLE –
WHOLE [ hэul] IN - INN [in] KNEW - NEW [nju:] KNOT - NOT
[not] KNOW - NO [nэu] MADE - MAID [mèid] MENTAL –
MANTLE ['mæntl] MARSHALL – MARTIAL ['ma:∫l] MEET - MEAT
[mi:t] NAVAL – NAVEL ['nèivl] ONE - WON [w^n] OUR - HOUR
['auэ(r)] PEDAL – PEDDLE ['phèdl] PIECE - PEACE [phi:s] POLE –
POLL [phэul] POPULACE – POPULOUS ['ph כpjulэs] PORE – POUR
[ ph כ:(r)] PLANE - PLAIN[plèin] PRINCIPAL – PRINCIPLE ['prinsэpl]
RED - READ [rèd] RIGHT - WRITE [rait] ROAD - RODE [rэud] ROLE
- ROLL [rэul] SAIL - SALE [sèil]SCENE – SEEN [si:n] SEEM - SEAM
[si:m] SEES - SEIZE [si:z] STEAL - STEEL [sti:l] STATIONARY –
STATIONERY ['stèi∫nэri ] SO - SEW [sэu] SON- SUN [s^n] THERE'S –
THEIRS [ðèэz] THEIR - THERE [ðèэ(r)] THREW - THROUGH [θru:]
WAIST - WASTE [wèist] WAY - WEIGH [wèi ] WEAK - WEEK [wi:k]
31
WEIGHT - WAIT [wèit] WOOD - WOULD [wud]
II.. CONTRACTIONS
I AM - I'M [aэm] YOU ARE - YOU'RE [juэ(r)] HE IS - HE'S [hi:z]
SHE IS - SHE'S [∫i:z] IT IS - IT'S [its] WE ARE - WE'RE [wiэ(r)] THEY
ARE - THEY'RE ['ðèiэ(r)] I WILL - I'LL [ail]YOU WILL - YOU'LL
[ju:l] THEY WILL - THEY'LL [ðèil] SHE WILL - SHE'LL [∫i:l] WE WILL
- WE'LL [wi:l] HE WILL - HE'LL [hi:l] I HAVE - I'VE [aiv] YOU
HAVE - YOU'VE [ju:v] HE HAS - HE'S [hi:z] SHE HAS - SHE'S [∫i:z]
THEY HAVE - THEY'VE [ðèiv] WE HAVE - WE'VE [wi:v] THAT IS -
THAT'S [ðèts] THERE IS - THERE'S [ðèэz] WHAT IS - WHAT'S
[wots]I WOULD - I'D [aid] I HAD - I'D [aid] WE HAD - WE'D [wi:d]
YOU HAD - YOU'D [ju:d] SHE WOULD - SHE'D [∫i:d] HE WOULD -
HE'D [hi:d] HE HAD - HE'D [hi:d] THEY WOULD - THEY'D [ðèid] IS
NOT - ISN'T ['iznt] ARE NOT - AREN'T [a:( r)nt] WAS NOT - WASN'T
['wэznt] WERE NOT - WEREN'T [wэ:(r)nt] DO NOT - DON'T [dэunt]
DOES NOT - DOESN'T ['d^znt] DID NOT - DIDN'T ['didnt]
WILL NOT - WON'T [wэunt] HAVE NOT - HAVEN'T ['hævэnt] HAS
NOT - HASN'T ['hæznt] CANNOT - CAN'T[ khænt]
32
COULD NOT - COULDN'T ['kudnt] SHOULD NOT - SHOULDN'T
['∫udnt] MUST NOT - MUSTN'T ['m^snt]
33
atau dibagian akhir dari suatu kalimat tanya. Sedangkan bentuk lemah
dilakukan misalnya dalam percakapan cepat. Bunyi hidup selalu
digabungkan dengan bunyi mati.
KUAT LEMAH
[ æm ] AM [ эm]
[a:(r)] ARE [э (r)]
[khæn ] CAN [ kэn]
[khud ] COULD [ kэd]
[ wil ] WILL [ эl ]
[ wud ] WOULD [эd ]
[du: ] DO [ dэ ]
[ d^z ] DOES [ dэz ]
[hæd ] HAD [ hэd], [эd]
[hæz] HAS [hez],[z] [эz], [s]
[hæv] HAVE [hэv],[эv]
[iz] IS [z],[s]
[m^st] MUST [mэst]
[∫æl] SHALL [∫эl]
[w כz] WAS [wэz]
[wэ:(r)] WERE [wэ(r)]
[ æt ] AT [ эt ]
34
[f כ:(r)] FOR [ fэ: ]
[fr כm] FROM [frэm]
[כv] OF [эv]
[ tu: ] TO [ tэ ]
[hi:] HE [i:]
[hэ:(r)] HER [э:(r)]
[him] HIM [im]
[ðèm] THEM [ðэm]
[^s] US [эs] [s]
[ænd] AND [эnd /эn]
[ b^ t] BUT [ bэt ]
[ðæn ] THAN [ðэn]
[ ðæt ] THAT [ ðэt ]
[èi] A [э]
[æn] AN [эn]
[hiz] HIS [iz]
['auэ] OUR [a:(r)]
[s^m] SOME [sэm]
[ði:] THE [ðэ],[ði:]
[ sou] SO [ sэu ]
[ ju: ] YOU [ jэ ]
35
Contoh kalimat:
1. I want to talk to Tom tonight, Tim
Jangan mengatakan:
ai won tu tok tu tom tunait tim
tetapi katakanlah:
ai w כn thэ th כk thэ th כm thэnait thim
2. Who are you looking for?
Jangan mengatakan:
hu: a:(r) yu: lukiŋ f כ:( r )?
tetapi katakanlah:
hu э yu: lukiŋ f כ:( r )?
3. You’ll end up in prison.
[yu:l end ^p in 'prizn ] Gabungkan bunyi d dengan ^ sehingga
berbunyi [d^p]
4. Send her in
[ sènd эr in] Gabungkan bunyi d dengan bunyi э dan bunyi r dengan
bunyi i sehingga seakan-akan berbunyi [sèndэrin]
=§§§§§=
36
REGULAR VERBS
KATA KERJA BERATURAN
37
to animate animated animated animating memberikan semangat
[ 'ænimèit ] [ 'ænimèitid] [ 'ænimèitid ] [ 'ænimèitiŋ]
to answer answered answered answering menjawab
[ 'ænsэ:(r ) ] [ 'ænsэ:(r )d] [ 'ænsэ:(r )d] [ 'ænsэ:(r )iŋ ]
to appear appeared appeared appearing memperlihatkan diri
[ э'piэ(r) ] [ э'piэ(r)d ] [ э'piэ(r)d ] [ э'piэriŋ ]
to argue argued argued arguing memperdebatkan
['a:(r )gyu:] ['a:(r )gyu:d] ['a:(r )gyu:d] ['a:(r )gyu:iŋ]
to ask asked asked asking menayakan
[æsk ] [æskt] [æskt ] [æskiŋ ]
to assist assisted assisted assisting membantu
[э'sist ] [э'sistid ] [э'sistid ] [э'sistiŋ ]
to attend attended attended attending menghadiri
[э'tend ] [э'tendid ] [э'tendid ] [э'tendiŋ ]
to avert averted averted averting menentang
[э'vэ:( r )t] [э'vэ:( r )tid] [э'vэ:( r )tid] [э'vэ:( r )tiŋ]
to await awaited awaited awaiting menantikan
[ э'wèit ] [ э'wèitid ] [ э'wèitid ] [ э'wèitiŋ ]
to award awarded awarded awarding menghadiahkan
[ э'w כ:(r)d ] [э'w כ:(r)did ] [э'w כ:(r)did ] [э'w כ:(r)diŋ]
38
to brush brushed brushed brushing menggosok
[br ^ ∫ ] [br ^ ∫t ] [br ^ ∫t ] [br ^ ∫iŋ ]
to burn burned burned burning membakar
[ bэ:( r )n ] [ bэ:( r )nd ] [ bэ:( r )nd ] [ bэ:( r )niŋ ]
to call called called calling menyapa/menelpon
[ k כ:l ] [ k כ:ld ] [ k כ:ld ] [ k כ:liŋ ]
to carry carried carried carrying membawa
['kæri] ['kærid] ['kærid] ['kæriyiŋ]
to celebrate celebrated celebrated celebrating merayakan
['selэbrit ] ['selэbritid ] ['selэbritid ] ['selэbritiŋ ]
to captivate captivated captivated captivating menangkap
['kæptivèit ] ['kæptivèitid ] ['kæptivèitid ] ['kæptivèitiŋ ]
to change changed changed changing merubah
[ t∫èinj] [ t∫èinjd] [ t∫èinjd] [ t∫èinjiŋ]
to charge charged charged charging men-cas aki
[ t∫a: (r )j ] [ t∫a: (r )jd ] [ t∫a: (r )jd ] [ t∫a: (r )jiŋ ]
to choke choked choked choking keselak
[ t∫эuk] [ t∫эukt] [ t∫эukt] [ t∫эukiŋ]
to claim claimed claimed claiming mengaku memiliki
[ klèim ] [ klèimd ] [ klèimd ] [ klèimiŋ ]
to climb climbed climbed climbing mendaki/memanjat
[ klaim ] [ klaimd ] [ klaimd ] [ klaimiŋ ]
to close closed closed closing menutup
[klэuz ] [klэuzd ] [klэuzd ] [klэuziŋ ]
to cogitate cogitated cogitated cogitating merenungkan
['k כd tèit ] ['k כd itèitid ] ['k כd itèitid ] [''k כd itèitiŋ ]
to command commanded commanded commanding memerintahkan
[kэ'mænd ] [kэ'mændid ] [kэ'mændid ] [kэ'mændiŋ ]
to compose composed composed composing mengarang
[ kэm'pэuz ] [ kэm'pэuzd ] [ kэm'pэuzd ] [ kэm'pэuziŋ ]
39
to concentrate concentrated concentrated concentrating berkonsentrasi
[ 'k כnsэntrèit ] [ 'k כnsэntrèitid ] [ 'k כnsэntrèitid ] [ 'k כnsэntrèitiŋ ]
to conform conformed conformed conforming menyesuaikan diri
[ kэn'f כ:(r )m ] [ kэn'f כ:(r )m d] [ kэn'f כ:(r )md ] [ kэn'f כ:(r )miŋ]
to cooperate cooperated cooperated cooperating bekerja-sama
[ k 'כэupэrèit ] [ k 'כэupэrèitid ] [ k 'כэupэrèitid ] [ k 'כэupэrèitiŋ ]
to create created created creating mencipta
[ kri:'èit ] [ kri:'èitid ] [ kri:'èitid ] [ kri:'èitiŋ ]
to dance danced danced dancing menari
[ dæns ] [ dænst ] [ dænst ] [ dænsiŋ ]
to decorate decorated decorated decorating mendekorasi
[ 'dekэrèit ] [ 'dekэrèitid ] [ 'dekэrèitid ] [ 'dekэrèitiŋ ]
to devalue devalued devalued devaluing mendevaluasi
[.di:'vælju:] [.di:'vælju:d] [.di:'vælju:d] [.di:'vælju:iŋ]
to digest digested digested digesting mencerna
[ 'daid est] [ 'daid estid] [ 'daid estid] [ 'daid estiŋ]
to direct directed directed directing mengarahkan
[di'rekt] [di'rektid] [di'rektid] [di'rektiŋ]
to disburse disbursed disbursed disbursing membayar
[dis'bэ:( r )s] [dis'bэ:( r )st] [dis'bэ:( r )st] [dis'bэ:( r )siŋ]
to dominate dominated dominated dominating mendominasi
['dэuminèit] ['dэuminèitid] ['dэuminèitid] ['dэuminèitiŋ]
to drain drained drained draining menghabiskan
[drèin] [drèind] [drèind] [drèiniŋ]
to drop dropped dropped dropping mengantar
[dr כp] [dr כpt] [dr כpt] [dr כpiŋ]
to earn earned earned earning menghasilkan uang
[ э:( r )n] [ э:( r )nd] [ э:( r )nd] [ э:( r )niŋ]
to elaborate elaborated elaborated elaborating merinci
[i'læbэrèit] [i'læbэrèitid] [i'læbэrèitid] [i'læbэrèitiŋ]
40
to emancipate emancipated emancipated emancipating memerdekakan
[i'mænsipèit] [i'mænsipèitid] [i'mænsipèitid] [i'mænsipèitiŋ]
to endorse endorsed endorsed endorsing mengesahkan
[end כ:(r )s] [end כ:(r )st] [end כ:(r )st] [end כ:(r )siŋ]
to entice enticed enticed enticing menarik/mengajak
[in'tais] [in'taist] [in'taist] [in'taisiŋ]
to equate equated equated equating menyamakan
[i'kwèit] [i'kwèitid] [i'kwèitid] [i'kwèitiŋ]
to erase erased erased erasing menghapus
[i'rèiz] [i'rèizd] [i'rèizd] [i'rèiziŋ]
to establish established established establishing mendirikan
[i'stæbli∫ ] [i'stæbli∫t ] [i'stæbli∫t ] [i'stæbli∫iŋ ]
to exercise exercised exercised exercising berlatih
['eksэsaiz] ['eksэsaizd] ['eksэsaizd] ['eksэsaiziŋ]
to embroider embroidered embroidered embroidering membordir
[im'br כidэ:r )] [im'br כidэ:rd )] [im'br כidэ:rd )] [im'br כidэ:riŋ )]
to explore explored explored exploring menjelajahi
[iks'pl כ:(r )] [iks'pl כ:(r)d] [iks'pl כ:(r)d] [iks'pl כ:riŋ]
to fasten fastened fastened fastening mengencangkan
['fa:sn] ['fa:snd] ['fa:snd] ['fa:sniŋ]
to fill filled filled filling mengisi
[fil] [fild] [fild] [filiŋ]
to follow followed followed following mengikuti
['f^lэu] ['f^lэud] ['f^lэud] ['f^lэuwiŋ]
to forecast forecasted forecasted forecasting meramal(cuaca)
['f כ:kæst] ['f כ:kæstid] ['f כ:kæstid] ['f כ:kæstiŋ]
to formulate formulated formulated formulating memformulasikan
['f כ:(r)myulèit] ['f כ:(r)myulèitid] ['f כ:(r )myulèitid] ['f כ:(r )myulèitiŋ]
to fix fixed fixed fixing memperbaiki
[fiks] [fikst] [fikst] [fiksiŋ]
41
to gain gained gained gaining memperoleh
[gèin] [gèind] [gèind] [gèiniŋ]
to gather gathered gathered gathering berkumpul
['gæðэ:(r )] ['gæðэ:(r )d] ['gæðэ:(r )d] ['gæðэ:riŋ]
to glance glanced glanced glancing melihat sepintas
[glæns] [glænst] [glænst] [glænsiŋ]
to generate generated generated generating membangkitkan
['jenэrèit] ['jenэrèitid] ['jenэrèitid] ['jenэrèitiŋ]
to govern governed governed governing memerintah
['g^vэ( r)n] ['g^vэ( r)nd] ['g^vэ( r)nd] ['g^vэ( r)niŋ]
to graduate graduated graduated graduating lulus
['grædyuèit] ['grædyuèitid] ['grædyuèitid] ['grædyuèitiŋ]
to guess guessed guessed guessing mengira
[gès] [gèst] [gèst] [gèsiŋ]
to habituate habituated habituated habituating membiasakan
[hэ'bit∫uèit] [hэ'bit∫uèitid] [hэ'bit∫uèitid] [hэ'bit∫uèitiŋ]
to hale haled haled haling menghirup udara
[hèil] [hèild] [hèild] [hèiliŋ]
to hunt hunted hunted hunting berburu
[h^ nt] [h^ ntid] [h^ ntid] [h^ ntiŋ]
to help helped helped helping membantu
[hèlp] [hèlpt] [hèlpt] [hèlpiŋ]
to identify identified identified identifying mengenali
[ai'dentifai] [ai'dentifaid] [ai'dentifaid] [ai'dentifaiyiŋ]
to implore implored implored imploring memohon sekali
[im'pl כ:(r)] [im'pl כ:(r)d] [im'pl כ:(r)d] [im'pl כ:(r) iŋ]
to improve improved improved improving memperbaiki
[im'pru:v] [im'pru:vd] [im'pru:vd] [im'pru:viŋ]
to induce induced induced inducing membujuk org
[in'dyus] [in'dyust] [in'dyust] [in'dyusiŋ]
42
to initiate initiated initiated initiating memprakarsai
[i'ni∫ièit] [i'ni∫ièitid] [i'ni∫ièitid] [i'ni∫ièitiŋ]
to interview interviewed interviewed interviewing mewawancarai
['intэ(r)vyu:] ['intэ(r)vyu:d] ['intэ(r )vyu:d] ['intэ(r )vyuiŋ]
to irrigate irrigated irrigated irrigating mengairi
['irigèit] ['irigèitid] ['irigèitid] ['irigèitiŋ]
to join joined joined joining ikut serta
[d כin] [d כind] [d כind] [d כiniŋ]
to joke joked joked joking bergurau
[d эuk] [d эukt] [d эukt] [d эukiŋ]
to jump jumped jumped jumping meloncat
[j^mp] [j^mpt] [j^mpt] [j^mpiŋ]
to kick kicked kicked kicking menendang
[khik] [khikt] [khikt] [khikiŋ]
to kill killed killed killing membunuh
h h h h
[k il] [k ild] [k ild] [k iliŋ]
to knit knitted knitted knitting merajut
[nit] [nitid] [nitid] [nitiŋ]
to launch launched launched launching meluncurkan
[l כ:nt∫] [l כ:nt∫t] [l כ:nt∫t] [l כ:nt∫iŋ]
to lie lied lied lying berbohong
[lai] [laid] [laid] [laiyiŋ]
to link linked linked linking menghubungkan
[liŋk] [liŋkt] [liŋkt] [liŋkiŋ]
to live lived lived living tinggal/berdiam
[liv] [livd] [livd] [liviŋ]
to laugh laughed laughed laughing tertawa
[la:f] [la:ft] [la:ft] [la:fiŋ]
to listen listened listened listening mendengar
['lisn] ['lisnd] ['lisnd] ['lisniŋ]
43
to marry married married marrying menikahi
['meэri] ['meэrid] ['meэrid] ['meэriyiŋ]
to mix mixed mixed mixing mencampur
[miks] [mikst] [mikst] [miksiŋ]
to move moved moved moving memindahkan
[mu:v] [mu:vd] [mu:vd] [mu:viŋ]
to need needed needed needing memerlukan
[ni:d] [ni:did] [ni:did] [ni:diŋ]
to negate negated negated negating meniadakan
[ni'gèit] [ni'gèitid] [ni'gèitid] [ni'gèitiŋ]
to neglect neglected neglected neglecting mengabaikan
[ni'glèkt] [ni'glèktid] [ni'glèktid] [ni'glèktiŋ]
to open opened opened opening membuka
['эupn] ['эupnd] ['эupnd] ['эupniŋ]
to offer offered offered offering menawarkan
['כfэ:(r)] ['כfэ:(r)d] ['כfэ:(r)d] ['כfэ:(r)iŋ]
to operate operated operated operating mengoperasi
['כpэrèit] ['כpэrèitid] ['כpэrèitid] ['כpэrèitiŋ]
to oppress oppressed oppressed oppressing menekan/menindas
[э'près] [э'prèst] [э'prèst] [э'prèsiŋ]
to observe observed observed observing mengamati
[эb'zэ:(r)v] [эb'zэ:(r)vd] [эb'zэ:(r)vd] [эb'zэ:(r)viŋ]
to obtain obtained obtained obtaining memperoleh
[ эb'tèin] [ эb'tèind] [ эb'tèind] [ эb'tèiniŋ]
to pack packed packed packing mengepak
[phæk] [phækt] [phækt] [phækiŋ]
to pass passed passed passing lulus/menyampaikan
[ phæs] [ phæst] [ phæst] [ phæsiŋ]
to play played played playing bermain
[plèi] [plèid] [plèid] [plèiyiŋ]
44
to plan planned planned planning merencanakan
[plæn] [plænd] [plænd] [plæniŋ]
to provoke provoked provoked provoking menghasut
[prэ'vэuk] [prэ'vэukt] [prэ'vэukt] [prэ'vэukiŋ]
to quarrel quarreled quarreled quarrelling bertengkar
['kw כ:rэl] ['kw כ:rэld] ['kw כ:rэld] ['kw כ:rэliŋ]
to reach reached reached reaching tiba/menggapai
[ri:t∫] [ri:t∫t] [ri:t∫t] [ri:t∫iŋ]
to receive received received receiving menerima
[ri'si:v] [ri'si:vd] [ri'si:vd] [ri'si:viŋ]
to redeem redeemed redeemed redeeming menebus
[ri'di:m] [ri'di:md] [ri'di:md] [ri'di:miŋ]
to rehabilitate rehabilitated rehabilitated rehabilitating merehabilitir
[ri:hэ'bilitèit] [ri:hэ'bilitèitid] [ri:hэ'bilitèitid] [ri:hэ'bilitèitiŋ]
to reduce reduced reduced reducing mengurangi
[ri'd us] [ri'd ust] [ri'd ust] [ri'd usiŋ]
to rule ruled ruled ruling memutuskan
[ru:l] [ru:ld] [ru:ld] [ru:liŋ]
to sail sailed sailed sailing berlayar
[sèil] [sèild] [sèild] [sèiliŋ]
to scale scaled scaled scaling menimbang
[skèil] [skèild] [skèild] [skèiliŋ]
to search searched searched searching mencari
[sэ:(r)t∫] [sэ:(r)t∫t] [sэ:(r)t∫t] [sэ:(r)t∫iŋ]
to select selected selected selecting memilih
[sэ'lèkt] [sэ'lèktid] [sэ'lèktid] [sэ'lèktiŋ]
to shine shined shined shining bersinar
[∫ain] [∫aind] [∫aind] [∫ainiŋ]
to shout shouted shouted shouting berteriak
[∫aut] [∫autid] [∫autid] [∫autiŋ]
45
to smile smiled smiled smiling tersenyum
[smail] [smaild] [smaild] [smailiŋ]
to smoke smoked smoked smoking merokok
[smэuk] [smэukt] [smэukt] [smэukiŋ]
to study studied studied studying belajar
['st^di] ['st^did] ['st^did] ['st^diyiŋ]
to start started started starting memulai
[sta:(r)t] [sta:(r)tid] [sta:(r)tid] [sta:(r)tiŋ]
to talk talked talked talking berbicara
[th כ:k] [th כ:kt] [th כ:kt] [th כ:kiŋ]
to tend tended tended tending cenderung
[tènd] [tèndid] [tèndid] [tèndiŋ]
to thrash thrashed thrashed thrashing mengirik gabah
[θræ∫] [θræ∫t] [θræ∫t] [θræ∫iŋ]
to tickle tickled tickled tickling menggelitik
h h h h
[t ikl] [t ikld] [t ikld] [t ikliŋ]
to try tried tried trying mencoba
[trai] [traid] [traid] [traiyiŋ]
to tramp tramped tramped tramping mengembara
[træmp] [træmpt] [træmpt] [træmpiŋ]
to trample trampled trampled trampling menginjak-injak
['træmpl] ['træmpld] ['træmpld] ['træmpliŋ]
to transfer transferred transferred transferring memindahkan
[træns'fэ:(r)] [træns'fэ:(r)d] [træns'fэ:(r)d] [træns'fэ:(r)ŋ]
to trust trusted trusted trusting mempercayai
[tr^st] [tr^stid] [tr^stid] [tr^stŋ]
to turn turned turned turning berputar/mengelilingi
[tэ:(r)n] [tэ:(r)nd] [tэ:(r)nd] [tэ:(r)niŋ]
to uglify uglified uglified uglifying membuat menjadi
['^glifai] ['^glifaid] ['^glifaid] ['^glifaiyiŋ] jelek
46
to ululate ululated ululated ululating meraung
['ju:ljэlèit] ['ju:ljэlèitid] ['ju:ljэlèitid] ['ju:ljэlèitiŋ]
to unite united united uniting bersatu/menyatukan
[ju:'nait] [ju:'naitid] [ju:'naitid] [ju:'naitiŋ]
to use used used using menggunakan
[ju:z] [ju:zd] [ju:zd] [ju:ziŋ]
to utter uttered uttered uttering mengucapkan
['^tэ:(r)] ['^tэ:(r)d] ['^tэ:(r)d] ['^tэ:riŋ]
to vacate vacated vacated vacating mengosongkan
[vè'ikèit] [vè'ikèitid] [vè'ikèitid] [vè'ikèitiŋ]
to vote voted voted voting memberikan suara
[vэut] [vэutid] [vэutid] [vэutiŋ]
to wait waited waited waiting menunggu
[wèit] [wèitid] [wèitid] [wèitiŋ]
to walk walked walked walking berjalan kaki
[w כ:k] [w כ:kt] [w כ:kt] [w כ:kiŋ]
to wander wandered wandered wandering mengembara
['w כndэ(r )] ['w כndэ(r)d] ['w כndэ(r)d] ['w כndэriŋ]
to want wanted wanted wanting menginginkan
[w כnt] [w כntid] [w כntid] [w כntiŋ]
to warn warned warned warning memperingatkan
[w כ:(r)n] [w כ:(r)nd] [w כ:(r)nd] [w כ:(r)niŋ]
to watch watched watched watching mengamati
[w כt∫] [w כt∫t] [w כt∫t] [w כt∫iŋ]
to whisk whisked whisked whisking berjalan cepat
h h h h
[ wisk] [ wiskt] [ wiskt] [ wiskiŋ]
to work worked worked working bekerja
[wэ:(r)k] [wэ:(r)kt] [wэ:(r)kt] [wэ:(r)kiŋ]
to wreak wreaked wreaked wreaking melampiaskan
[ri:k] [ri:kt] [ri:kt] [ri:kiŋ]
47
to wreck wrecked wrecked wrecking merusak
[rèk] [rèkt] [rèkt] [rèkiŋ]
to xerox xeroxed xeroxed Xeroxing memfotokopi
['ziэr כks] ['ziэr כkst] ['ziэr כkst] ['ziэr כksiŋ]
to yearn yearned yearned yearning mendambakan
[jэ:(r)n] [jэ:(r)nd] [jэ:(r)nd] [jэ:(r)niŋ] merindukan
to yoke yoked yoked yoking memasang bajak
[jэuk] [jэukt] [jэukt] [jэukiŋ]
=§§§§§=
48
IRREGULAR VERBS
KATA KERJA TAK-BERATURAN
50
[dig] [d^g] [d^g ] [digiŋ]
51
to forsake forsook forsaken forsaking mengabaikan
[fэ'sèik] [fэ'suk] [fэ'sèikn] [fэ'sèikiŋ]
to freeze froze frozen freezing membeku
[ fri:z] [ frэuz] [ frэuzn] [ fri:ziŋ]
to get got got getting memperoleh
[ gèt ] [ g כt ] [ g כt ] [ gètiŋ ]
to go went gone going pergi
[gэu] [wènt] [g כn] [gэuiŋ]
to give gave given giving memberi
[giv] [gèiv] [givn] [giviŋ]
to grow grew grown growing bertumbuh
[grэu] [gru:] [grэun] [grэuiŋ]
to hang hung hung hanging bergantung
[hæŋ] [h^ŋ] [h^ŋ] [hæŋiŋ]
to have had had having memiliki
[hæv] [hæd] [hæd] [hæviŋ]
to hear heard heard hearing mendengar
[hiэ(r)] [hэ:(r)d] [hэ:(r)d] [hiэriŋ]
to hide hid hidden hiding bersembunyi
[haid] [hid] [hidn] [haidiŋ]
to hit hit hit hitting memukul
[hit] [hit] [hit] [hitiŋ]
to hold held held holding mengadakan/memegang
[hэuld] [hèld] [hèld] [hэuldiŋ]
to hurt hurt hurt hurting menyakiti
[hэ:(r)t] [hэ:(r)t] [hэ:(r)t] [hэ:(r)tiŋ]
to keep kept kept keeping menyimpan
h h h h
[k i:p] [k èpt] [k èpt] [k i:piŋ]
to kneel knelt knelt kneeling berlutut
[ni:l] [nèlt] [nèlt] [ni:liŋ]
52
to know knew known knowing mengetahui
[nэu] [nju] [nэun] [nэuwiŋ]
to knit knit knit knitting merajut
[nit] [nit] [nit] [nitiŋ]
to lay laid laid laying meletakkan
[lèi] [lèid] [lèid] [lèiyiŋ]
to lead led led leading memimpin
[li:d] [lèd] [lèd] [li:diŋ]
to lean leant leant leaning bersandar
[li:n] [lènt] [lènt] [li:niŋ]
to leap leapt leapt leaping melompat
[li:p] [lèpt] [lèpt] [li:piŋ]
to learn learnt learnt learning belajar sesuatu
[lэ:(r)n] [lэ:(r)nt] [lэ:(r)nt] [lэ:(r)niŋ]
to leave left left leaving berangkat
[li:v] [lèft ] [lèft ] [li:viŋ]
to lend lent lent lending meminjamkan
[lènd] [lènt] [lènt] [lendiŋ]
to let let let letting menyewakan
[lèt] [lèt] [lèt] [lètiŋ]
to lie lay lain lying berbaring
[lai] [lèi] [lèin] [laiyiŋ]
to light lit lit lighting menyalakan
[lait] [lit] [lit] [laitiŋ]
to lose lost lost losing kehilangan
[lu:z] [l כst] [l כst] [lu:ziŋ]
to make made made making membuat
[mèik] [mèid] [mèid] [mèikiŋ]
to mean meant meant meaning bermaksud
[mi:n] [mènt] [mènt] [mi:niŋ]
53
to meet met met meeting bertemu/menjumpai
[mi:t] [mèt] [mèt] [mi:tiŋ]
to pay paid paid paying membayar
h h h h
[p èi] [p èid] [p èid] [p èiyiŋ]
to put put put putting meletakkan
[put] [put] [put] [putiŋ]
to read read read reading membaca
[ri:d] [rèd] [rèd ] [ri:diŋ]
to ring rang rung ringing membunyikan bel
[riŋ] [ræŋ] [r^ŋ] [riŋiŋ]
to rise rose risen rising bangun/terbit
[raiz] [rэuz] ['rizn] [raiziŋ]
to run ran run running berlari
[r^n] [ræn] [r^n] [r^niŋ]
to say said said saying berkata
[sèi] [sèd] [sèd] [sèiyiŋ]
to see saw seen seeing melihat
[si:] [so:] [si:n] [si:yiŋ]
to sell sold sold selling menjual
[sèl] [sэuld] [sэuld] [sèliŋ]
to send sent sent sending mengirim
[sènd] [sènt] [sènt] [sèndiŋ]
to set set set setting memasang
[sèt] [sèt] [sèt] [sètiŋ]
to seek sought sought seeking mencari/berusaha
[si:k] [so:t] [so:t] [si:kiŋ]
to shake shook shaken shaking bergoyang
[∫èik] [∫uk] ['∫èikэn] ['∫èikiŋ]
to shoot shot shot shooting menembak
[∫u:t] [∫ot] [∫ot] [∫u:tiŋ]
54
to show showed shown showing mempertujukkan
[∫эu] [∫эud] [∫эun] [∫эuwiŋ]
to steal stole stolen stealing mencuri
[sti:l] [stэul] ['stэulэn] [sti:liŋ]
to sing sang sung singing bernyanyi
[siŋ] [sæŋ] [s^ŋ] [s^ŋiŋ]
to sink sank sunk sinking tenggelam
[siŋk] [sæŋk] [s^ŋk] [siŋkiŋ]
to sleep slept slept sleeping tidur
[sli:p] [slèpt] [slèpt] [sli:piŋ]
to smell smelt smelt smelling mencium/berbau
[smèl] [smèlt] [smèlt] [smèliŋ]
to sow sowed sown sowing menabur
[sэu] [sэud] [sэud] [sэuwiŋ]
to speak spoke spoken speaking berbicara
[spi:k] [spэu:k] ['spэukэn] [spi:kiŋ]
to spend spent spent spending membelanjakan
[spènd] [spènt] [spènt] [spèndiŋ]
to spoil spoilt spoilt spoiling merusak/memanjakan
[sp כil] [sp כilt] [sp כilt] [sp כiliŋ]
to spread spread spread spreading menyebarkan
[sprèd] [sprèd] [sprèd] [sprèdiŋ]
to spin spun spun spinning memintal/memutar
[spin] [sp^n] [sp^n] [spiniŋ]
to spring sprang sprung springing menerkam
[spriŋ] [spræŋ] [spr^ŋ] [spriŋiŋ]
to sew sewed sewn sewing menjahit
[sэu] [sэud] [sэun] [sэuwiŋ]
to stand stood stood standing berdiri
[stænd] [stud] [stud] ['stændiŋ]
55
to stick stuck stuck sticking menempel
[stik] [st^k] [st^k] [stikiŋ]
to strike struck striken striking memukul
[straik] [str^k] [strikэn] [straikiŋ]
to swear swore sworn swearing bersumpah
[swèэ(r)] [sw כ:(r)] [sw כ::(r)n] ['swèэriŋ]
to sweep swept swept sweeping menyapu
[swi:p] [swèpt] [swèpt] [swi:piŋ]
to swim swam swum swimming berenang
[swim] [swæm] [sw^m] [swimiŋ]
to take took taken taking mengambil
[thèik] [thuk] ['thèikэn] ['thèikiŋ]
to teach taught taught teaching mengajar
[thi:t∫] [th כ:t] [th כ:t] ['thi:t∫iŋ ]
to tear tore torn tearing merobek
[thèэ] [th כ:(r)] [th כ:(r)n] [thèэriŋ]
to tell told told telling mengatakan
h h h h
[t èl] [t эuld] [t эuld] [t èliŋ]
to think thought thought thinking memikir
[θiŋk] [θ כ:t] [θ כ:t] [θiŋkiŋ]
to throw threw thrown throwing melempar
[θrэu] [θru:] [θrэun] [θrэuwiŋ]
to tread trod trodden treading menempuh jalan
[trèd] [tr כd] ['tr כdn] [trèdiŋ]
to understand understood understood understanding mengerti
[,^nde'stænd] [,^nde'stud] [,^nde'stud] [,^nde'stændiŋ]
=§§§§§=
57
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
=§§§§§=
58
RIWAYAT HIDUP
Dilahirkan di Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat 22
November 1947.
Pendidikan:
SR Nurali No.1 Pontianak 1962
SMP Negeri III Pontianak 1965
SMA Negeri I Pontianak 1968
Sarjana Muda Bahasa Inggris Fakultas
Keguruan Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak
1979
Sarjana S-1 Bhs.Inggris FKIP-Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak,1986
Pekerjaan:
PT.KAYU PAPA ENTERPRISES, Pontianak, Joint Venture Indonesia-Italia,
Sekretaris perusahaan dengan tugas utama menerjemahkan surat-
surat/dokumen, 1970-1974.
PT.ALCOA MINERALS OF INDONESIA Pontianak sebagai Radio
Operator, 1975.
SNOWY MOUNTAIN ENGINEERING CORPORATION Colombo Plan,
Pemerintah Indonesia-Australia , Pontianak,sebagai Radio Operator, 1976.
Pengalaman Mengajar:
SMEA Negeri I, Pontianak, guru bidang studi Bahasa Inggris,1979-1986
FKIP Untan, Jurusan Bahasa Inggris, Asisten Dosen Luar Biasa, 1979-1986
FKIP Untan, Program Studi Bahasa Inggris, 1987- 2003 (Asisten Ahli)
ABA Pontianak, 1996 sampai saat ini
Berbagai kursus bahasa Inggris di Pontianak sejak 1978
Guru Privat English Conversation
59
Pengalaman lain:
Penerjemah Bahasa Inggris-Indonesia- Indonesia-Inggris sejak 1992 .
Penerjemah Resmi Tersumpah sejak April 2002.
MOTTO:
60