PENGERTIAN RISIKO

1. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia

akibat yg kurang menyenangkan (merugikan, membahayakan) dr suatu perbuatan atau tindakan
2. Longman Dictionary Online (http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/risk_1)
the possibility that something bad, unpleasant, or dangerous may happen
3. Vaughan dan Emmet J. dalam Herman Darmawi (1997:18)
a. Risk is the chance of loss (risiko adalah kans kerugian).
Chance of Loss biasanya dipergunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu keadaan dimana terdapat
suatu keterbukaan terhadap kerugian atau suatu kemungkinan Kerugian. sebaliknya jika
disesuaikan dengan istilah yang dipakai dalam statistik, maka chance sering dipergunakan
untuk menunjukkan tingkat probabilitas akan munculnya situasi tertentu.
b. Risk is the possibility of loss (risiko adalah kemungkinan kerugian).
Istilah possibility berarti bahwa probabilitas sesuatu peristiwa berada di antara nol dan satu.
Definisi ini barangkali sangat mendekati dengan pengertian risiko yang dipakai sehari-hari,
akan tetapi definisi ini agak longgar, tidak cocok dipakai dalam analisis secara kuantitatif
c. Risk is uncertainty (risiko adalah ketidakpastian)
4. Jones (2004: 142) dalam Lubis (2011)
risiko (dalam investasi) adalah kemungkinan pendapatan yang diterima (actual return) dalam
suatu investasi akan berbeda dengan pendapatan yang diharapkan (expected return).
5. Prof Dr.Ir. Soemarno,M.S. dalam Annisa, dkk (2014)
Suatu kondisi yang timbul karena ketidakpastian dengan seluruh konsekuensi tidak
menguntungkan yang mungkin terjadi
6. ISO 31000 Key Definitions
the effect of uncertainty on objectives
7. H. Gunarto dalam Asuransi Kebakaran di Indonesia
risiko dalam ilmu asuransi dibedakan dalam beberapa arti, yang intinya kemungkinan terjadinya
kerugian, sebaagi berikut:
a. Risiko dalam benda yang menjadi obyek bahaya,
b. Risiko dalam arti orang yang menjadi sasaran pertanggungan,
c. Risiko dalam arti bahaya.
8. Statistik
Risiko adalah derajat penyimpangan sesuatu nilai disekitar suatu posisi sentral atau di sekitar
titik rata-rata.
9. Slamet Raharjo dalam tempo.co
risiko teknologi adalah siapapun akan dapat mengakses informasi dengan cara yang sangat
mudah

10. Glyn A. Holton dalam Defining Risk (2006)

risk is exposure to a proposition of which one is uncertain
11. PMK No.191/PMK.09/2008 Tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko di lingkungan Kemenkeu
risiko ditekankan pada dampak negatif atas pencapaian tujuan, definisi yang tepat sampai saat ini
masih terus berkembang.
12. Salim (1993) dalam Djojosoedarso (1999)
ketidakpastian atas terjadinya suatu peristiwa
13. Cooper and Chapman (1993) dalam Fitriana (2012)
risiko adalah kondisi dimana terdapat kemungkinan keuntungan/ kerugian ekonomi atau
finansial, kerusakan atau cedera fisik, keterlambatan, sebagai konsekuanesi ketidakpastian selama
dilaksanakannya suatu kegiatan
14. Gray and Larson (2005) dalam Fitriana (2012)
risiko adalah peluang atau kans (chance) terjadinya kondisi yang tidak diharapkan dengan semua
konsekuensi yang mungkin muncul yang dapat menyebabkan keterlambatan atau kegagalan
perusahaan
15. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary
denes risk as hazard, a chance of bad consequences, loss or exposure to mischance
16. Alexander J. McNeil (2005), Quantitative Risk Management
risk (financial risk) is any event or action that may adversely affect an organizations ability to
achieve its objectives and execute its strategies or, alternatively, the quantiable likelihood of
loss or less-than-expected returns
17. Adams (1995: 69)
"risk, according to the definitions most commonly found in the safety literature, is the probability
of an adverse future event multiplied by its magnitude
18. Business Dictionary
a. A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss, or any other negative occurrence that
is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through
preemptive action.
b. Finance: The probability that an actual return on an investment will be lower than
the expected return. Financial risk is divided into the following categories: Basic risk, Capital
risk, Country risk, Default risk, Delivery risk, Economic risk, Exchange rate risk, Interest rate
risk, Liquidity risk, Operations risk, Payment system risk, Political risk, Refinancing
risk, Reinvestment risk, Settlement risk, Sovereign risk, andUnderwriting risk.
c. Food industry: The possibility that due to a certain hazard in food there will be an negative
effect to a certain magnitude.

d. Insurance: A situation where the probability of a variable (such as burning down of

a building) is known but when a mode of occurrence or the actual value of the occurrence
(whether the fire will occur at a particular property) is not. A risk is not an uncertainty (where
neither the probability nor the mode of occurrence is known), a peril (cause of loss), or a
hazard (something that makes the occurrence of a peril more likely or more severe).
e. Securities trading: The probability of a loss or drop in value. Trading risk is divided into
two general categories: (1) Systemic risk affects all securities in the same class and is linked
to the overall capital-market system and therefore cannot be eliminated by diversification.
Also called market risk. (2) Nonsystematic risk is any risk that isn't market-related or is
f.

not systemic. Also called nonmarket risk, extra-market risk, or unsystemic risk.
Workplace: Product of the consequence and probability of a hazardous event or phenomenon.
For example, the risk of developing cancer is estimated as the incremental probability of
developing cancer over a lifetime as a result of exposure to potential carcinogens (cancercausing substances).

19. Economictimes.indiatimes
a. Risk implies future uncertainty about deviation from expected earnings or expected outcome.
b. Definition: Risk implies future uncertainty about deviation from expected earnings or
expected outcome. Risk measures the uncertainty that an investor is willing to take to realize
a gain from an investment.
Description: Risks are of different types and originate from different situations. We have
liquidity risk, sovereign risk, insurance risk, business risk, default risk, etc. Various risks
originate due to the uncertainty arising out of various factors that influence an investment or a
situation.
20. Michael Mauboussin dalam Barry Ritholtz (2012), Risk vs Uncertainty
Risk: We dont know what is going to happen next, but we do know what the distribution looks
like.
Uncertainty: We dont know what is going to happen next, and we do not know what the possible
distributionlooks like.

Daftar Referensi
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/26888/3/Chapter%20II.pdf
http://ngapackers.blogspot.com/2008/10/pengertian-resiko-menurut-beberapa-ahli.html
http://www.scribd.com/doc/30749128/Strategic-Risk-IsO-31000-The-Gold-Standard-CAJL-AD-15Sept-09

http://digilib.usm.ac.id/files/disk1/1/gdl-usm-localhost-briniherya-26-3-babiv.pdf
http://glynholton.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/risk.pdf
http://www.anggaran.depkeu.go.id/web-content-list.asp?ContentId=720
http://www.academia.edu/6478797/5_Artikel_Fitriana_SARBOX-ACT1
http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8056.pdf
http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2012/12/defining-risk-versus-uncertainty/
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/risk
ftp://131.252.97.79/Transfer/ES_Pubs/ESVal/risk_perception/Cultural_theory.pdf
Djojosoedarso, Seismo. 1999. Prinsip-Prinsip Manajemen Risiko Dn Asuransi. Jakarta: Salemba
Empat
Cooper, Dale F. and Chapman. C.B. 1993. Project Risk Management: Processes, Techniques and
Insights. USA: John Wiley & Sons