PERCOBAAN 2
OPTIMALISASI PANEL SURYA
dengan
Vmax = Tegangan pada saat panel surya mencapai max (volt)
Isc = Arus pada saat panel surya mencapai max (ampere)
Voc = Tegangan rangkaian terbuka pada panel surya (volt)
Isc = Arus hubungsungkat pada panel surya (ampere)
Efisiensi modul surya didefinisikan sebagai perbandingan daya keluaran dengan daya
masukan. Daya masukan dihitung sebagai irradiance yang diterima oleh permukaan panel
surya. Nilai efisiensi keluaran maksimal didefinisikan sebagai prosentase keluaran daya
optimal terhadap energi cahaya yang digunakan, yang dituliskan sebagai:
= x 100% (2.4)
dengan
= Efisiensi panel surya
Pout = Daya yang dibangkitkan oleh panel surya (watt)
Pin = Daya yang diterima akibat irradiance matahari (watt)
r = (2.7)
dengan sin z = cos cos cos + sin sin
Menentukan Radiasi Ekstraterestial Pada Bidang Horizontal
KT = (2.9)
Rbr = (2.11)
FF =
= (17,13 x 2,92) / (21,63 x 3,12)
= 0,7412
Pout = VocIscFF
= 18,02 x 2,62 x 0,7412
= 36, 94 watt
Pin = J x A
= 102,9 x 1,0136
= 104,3 watt
= ( 9 12) x 15
= - 450
dengan: ts = jam pengambilan data
sin =
= - 67,660
r = + 900
= - 67,66 + 900
= 22,340
Dengan demikian kita dapat mencari sudut datang radiasi ke reflector dengan cara
sebagai berikut
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos
) + ( cos sin sin r cos r cos) + (cos sin r sin sin )
= (sin 21,18 sin 8,1 cos 82) (sin 21,18 cos 8,1 sin 82 cos 22,34) + (cos
21,18 cos 8,1 cos 82 cos - 45) + (cos 21,18 sin 8,1 sin 82 cos 22,34 cos
45) + (cos 21,18 sin 82 sin 22,34 sin -45)
= (0,3612 . 0,1409 . 0,1391) (0,3612 . 0,9900 . 0,9902 . 0,9249) +
(0,9324 . 0,9900 . 0,1391 . 0,7071) + (0,9324. 0,1409 . 0,9902 . 0,9249.
0,7071) + 0,9324 . 0,9902 . 0,3801 . -0,7071)
= cos -1 0,74423
= 1353 1 + 0,033 cos (cos 8,1.Cos 21,18. cos -45 + sin 8,1sin 22,34)
KT =
= 0,104
dengan G = Ir = J = Iradiasi matahari
Rbr =
= 1,104
Untuk menentukan radiasi dari reflector cermin datar yang menimpa pada panel
surya kita dapat menghitungnya dengan menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut.
20
10
0
-10 0 20 40 60 80 100
-20
-30
-40
-50
Sudut Reflektor
18,8
18,6
A
18,4
B
18,2
18
17,8
40 50 60 70 80 90
Sudut Reflektor
Waktu (WIB)
19
Tegangan (V)
18,5
18 A
17,5 B
17
Waktu (WIB)
3
2,5
2 A
1,5
1 B
0,5
0
Waktu (WIB)
Waktu (WIB)
= -10.691
Sudut Jam
= (tS 12) x = (tS 12) x
Sudut Azimuth
sin = sin =
= =
= =
sin = sin =
= =
sin = sin =
= =
sin = sin =
= =
= =
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 83) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 83 cos 23.159) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 83 cos 42.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 83 cos 23.159 cos
42.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 82 sin 23.259 sin -42.75)
= 0.08387
r = 85.18860
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 75) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 75 cos 25.6705) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 75 cos 38.25) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 25.6705 cos
38.25) + (cos -10.691 sin 75 sin 25.6705 sin -38.25)
= 0.19096
r = 78.99060
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
= 0.24407
r = 75.8720
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
= 0.3899
r = 67.04830
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
= 0.4397
r = 63.91380
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
= 0.4872
r = 60.84320
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 73) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 73 cos 33.7915) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 73 cos 27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 75 cos 33.7915 cos
27.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 73 sin 33.7915 sin -27.75)
= 0.5049
r = 59.67410
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 52) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 52 cos 139.384) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 52 cos 21.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 52 cos 150.162 cos
21.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 52 sin 150.162 sin 21.75)
= 0.5402
r = 57.30220
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 49) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 49 cos 150.162) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 49 cos 32.25) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 49 cos 150.162 cos
32.25) + (cos -10.691 sin 49 sin 150.162 sin 32.25)
= 0.5226
r = 58.49130
Cos r = (sin sin cos r) (sin cos sin r cos r) + (cos cos cos r cos )+( cos
sin sin r cos r cos ) + (cos sin r sin r sin )
= (sin -10.691 sin 8.1 cos 47) (sin -10.691 cos 8.1 sin 47 cos 153.385) + (cos -
10.691 cos 8.1 cos 47 cos 36.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 8.1 sin 47 cos 153.385 cos
36.75) + (cos -10.691 sin 47 sin 153.385 sin 36.75)
= 0.5137
r = 59.08370
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -42.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 961.906 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -38.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1031.24 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -27.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1166.76 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -23.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1212.72 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -12.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1289.61 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos -8.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1309.07 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 2.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1322.09 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 6.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1313.72 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 17.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1261.98 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 21.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1226.35 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 32.25 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1113.38 W/m2
= 1353 [ [ ] ]( (cos 8.1 cos -10.691 cos 36.75 + sin 8.1 sin -10.691)
= 1052.91 W/m2
KT = KT =
= =
= 1.0915 = 0.9427
KT = KT =
= =
= 1.055 = 0.9202
= =
= 0.8514 = 0.6299
KT = KT =
= =
= 0.8602 = 0.3017
KT = KT =
= =
= 0.7624 = 0.1356
KT = KT =
= =
= 0.7513 =0.1206
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1050 1972.4 = 1008 175.425
= - 922.4 W/m2 = 832.575 W/m2
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1088 1535.58 = 987 179.637
= - 447.58 W/m2 = 807.363 W/m2
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1100 553.978 = 795 297.911
2
= 546.022 W/m = 497.089 W/m2
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1116 446.557 = 370 350.541
= 669.443 W/m2 = 19.458 W/m2
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1098 229.438 = 151 146.882
= 868.562 W/m2 = 4.118 W/m2
Gb = G Gd Gb = G Gd
= 1127 254.057 = 127 123.064
2
= 872.943 W/m = 3.936 W/m2
Rbr = =
= Rbr =
= =
Rbr = = 591
= Rbr =
= =
Rbr = =
= Rbr =
=
=
Rbr = =
= Rbr =
=
=
Rbr = =
= Rbr =
=
=
Rbr = =
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1050 . 1.0136 = 1008 . 1.0136
= 1064.28 watt = 1021.71 watt
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1088 . 1.0136 = 987 . 1.0136
= 1102.8 watt = 1000.42 watt
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1100 . 1.0136 = 795 . 1.0136
= 1114.96 watt = 805.81 watt
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1116 . 1.0136 = 370 . 1.0136
= 1131.18 watt = 375.032 watt
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1098 . 1.0136 = 151 . 1.0136
= 1112.93 watt = 153.054 watt
Pin = J . A Pin = J . A
= 1127 . 1.0136 = 127 . 1.0136
= 1142.33 watt = 128.72 watt
Tanpa reflector
1 = x 100% 7 = x 100%
2 = x 100% 8 = x 100%
3 = x 100% 9 = x 100%
4 = x 100% 10 = x 100%
5 = x 100% 11 = x 100%
6 = x 100% 12 = x 100%
Menghitung Efisiensi
Tanpa penambahan reflector
1 = x 100% 3 = x 100%
2 = x 100% 4 = x 100%
6 = x 100% 10 = x 100%
7 = x 100% 11 = x 100%
8 = x 100% 12 = x 100%