English Task

Created by:

Name : Deny Wirawan

Number : 1212215061

Subject : English

PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI

FAKULTAS EKONOMI

UNIVERSITAS PANCASILA

JAKARTA

2012
Translate page 114

Fungsi Manajemen

Manajemen memainkan peran penting dalam setiap usaha atau kegiatan yang terorganisir.
Manajemen terdiri dari tim manajer yang memiliki muatan organisasi di semua tingkatan. Tugas
mereka termasuk membuat tujuan perusahaan memastikan terpenuhi dan melihat di bisnis
beroperasi secara efisien. Terlepas dari pekerjaan tertentu, sebagian besar manajer melakukan
empat fungsi dasar:

1.Perencanaan
2.Pengorganisasian
3.Mengarahkan
4.Mengendalikan

Perencanaan meliputi penentuan tujuan perusahaan secara keseluruhan dan memutuskan

bagaimana tujuan dapat dicapai. Manajer mengevaluasi rencana alternatif sebelum memilih aksi
tertentu dan kemudian memeriksa terlalu melihat bahwa rencana yang dipilih cocok dengan
tujuan ditetapkan pada tingkat organisasi yang lebih tinggi. Perencanaan terdaftar sebagai fungsi
manajemen pertama karena yang lain bergantung padanya.namun, bahkan sebagai manajer
beralih ke melakukan fungsi manajerial lainnya. Perencanaan berlanjut sebagai tujuan dan
alternatif lebih lanjut dievaluasi dan direvisi.

Pengorganisasian, fungsi manajemen kedua. Adalah proses menempatkan dan rencana ke

dalam tindakan. Ini melibatkan mengalokasikan sumber daya. Terutama sumber daya manusia.
Sehingga tujuan keseluruhan dapat dicapai. Dalam fase ini, manajer memutuskan posisi yang
akan dibuat dan menentukan tugas terkait dan responsibilitas. Kepegawaian, memilih orang yang
tepat untuk pekerjaan yang tepat, mungkin juga termasuk sebagai bagian dari fungsi
pengorganisasian.
 Ketiga, adalah hari-hari arah dan pengawasan karyawan. Dalam mengarahkan manajer
memberi panduan, mengajar, dan memotivasi pekerja sehingga mereka mencapai kemampuan
potensi mereka dan pada saat yang sama mencapai tujuan perusahaan yang didirikan dalam
proses perencanaan. Arah yang efektif, atau pengawasan, oleh manajer memerlukan komunikasi
karyawan dengan yang sedang berlangsung.

Dalam fungsi manajemen terakhir, pengendalian, manajer mengevaluasi seberapa baik

tujuan perusahaan agar sesuai.ini untuk menyelesaikan evaluasi ini, manajer harus melihat tujuan
yang ditetapkan dalam tahap perencanaan dan pada seberapa baik tugas yang diberikan pada
tahap mengarahkan sedang diselesaikan . Jika masalah utama ada dan tujuan tidak tercapai.
Maka perubahan perlu untuk dibuat dalam perusahaan organisasi, atau manajerial, sturcture.
Dalam membuat perubahan, manajer mungkin harus kembali dan replan, menata, redirect.

Dalam rangka memadai dan efisien melakukan fungsi-fungsi manajemen, manajer perlu
interpersonal, keterampilan organisasi, dan teknik. Meskipun keempat fungsi tugas manajerial,
pentingnya masing-masing mungkin sangat, tergantung pada manajer situation.effective
memenuhi tujuan perusahaan melalui kombinasi sukses dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian,
mengarahkan, dan mengendalikan.
A. Answer the following questions about management functions. Questions with asterisk (*)
cannot be answered directly from the text.
1. What do duties of managers include?
The duties of managers include making sure company objectives are met and seeing
that the business operates efficiently.
2. What does planning involve?
Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these
goals can bet be achieved.
3. Why is planning the first management function?
Because the others function management depend on the planning.
4. What do managers do in the organizing phase?
In the organizing phase, managers decide on the positions to be created and determine
the associated duties and responsibilities.
5. Can staffing be considered as part of the organizing function? Why or why not?
Yes, it can. Because staffing choosing the right person for the right job.
6. Why is ongoing communication necessary for effective direction?
Because ongoing communication can meet the company goals that were established
in the planning process
7. What do managers evaluate in the controlling function? Why is evaluation essential at
this phase of a project?
Managers evaluate how well company objectives are being met. In order to complete
this evaluation, so managers must look at the objectives established in the planning
phase and at how well the task assigned in the directing phase are being complete.
8. What types of problems could a manager discover in performing the controling
function?
Managers might have to go back and replan, reorganize, and redirect.
9. Which skills do managers need to perform effectively? Why is each important?
Manager need interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills. Their meet the
objectives of the company through a successful combination of planing, organizing,
directing, and controlling.
10. Give examples of the qualities of an effective manager. Classify these as either
interpersonal, organizational, or technical skills.
Managers has to successful combination of planning, organizing, directing and
controlling. So, become an effective manager must to have three points;interpersonal,
organizational, or technical skills and cannot separate between one and another.
 B. Complete the diagram below by writing in the management functions. Then answer the
questions.

Planning Organizing

Controlling Directing

1. How is a portrait of the planning circle the relationship between four (4) management
function?
2. Why arrows two directions instead of just one direction?
3. When the velocity of the planning, organization, leadership and control over?
4. Are there other ways that the 4 (four) functions can be represented in a graphical
management? Picture and explain other figures.
5. Discuss and compare figure 1 with figure defined by classmate

Answer

1. There are four functions of management consist of planning, organization, directing, and
conrtroling.merupakan something interrelated functions lain.maka if one did not go well will be
imbalance in the business or activities of the organization. The fourth function has an equally
large portion daklam manage a good flying businesses.
2. Because if on one owned Hotel function does not run back to the previous function, except
that the two-way arrows indicate the four functions of Management of relationships not only to
one function only. But overall everything is related and affect each other.

3. It will never end, as long as the business or activities of the organization running, so long as it
also had to shere execute management functions.

4.
Planning organizing

controlling Directing

The image can be seen that the four functions of management is a recurring silkus without end.

5. Images in figure 1 and 2 have a difference of number of eye darts and arrows, namaun have
the same functions and the same trait that will never break up, over, and intertwined with each
other.

A. Substitute appropriate term for the italicized words or phrases in the following sentences.

Established attained Phases team

Functions move on Allocate positions

Guide overall
1.Often a group of managers,rather than an individual,works on a particular project. Team

2.Plans set up in the first stage are subject to revision throughout the duration of the project.
(Functions)

3. Managers should periodically check to see how well comprehensive company goals detailed in
the planning phase are being met.(overall)

4.Organizational goals generally are achieved by successfully combining the function of

planning,organizing,directing,and controlling.(attained)

5.It is possible to divide the organizing function into two stages: determining positions and their
associated duties and then staffing those positions.(positions)

6.In order to apportion human resources properly,managers compare company objectives with
the available resources.(guide)

7.Classified advertisements in newspapers and professional journals provide a list of jobs that are
available,a brief description of each job,and a telephone number or an address.(allocates)

8.One of the roles of a supervisor is to direct workers in orderto maximize their talents and
increase their efficiency.(move on)

B. Discuss the following question with a partner . In giving your answers, try to use the italized
terms

1. Durring which management phase are overall organzational objectives estabilished ?

2. What personal qualities do you think good managers should have?

3. Which of the four management function do you think is the most important ? Why ?
 4. Why are interpersonal skills essential for effective management ?

5. Why is staffing considered an ongoing managerial dury ?

Answer
1. In the planning phase. because at this stage all management functions depend.
2. Interpersonal, organizational, and technical skills.
3. Planning . because planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding
how these goals can best be achieved.
4. Because interpersonal skills able to understand other people so that they can easily interact
and communicate well between a manager and his staff.
5. Because staff are the people who do the job and has adjusted its position by a manager at
work so that the goal that had been made and agreed upon can be achieved.

C. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the list

direction Adequately manager motivate Supervision

Guided Revised interpersonal regardless Attain

Since 1950, American manufacturing industries have revised the direction of their
operating philosophies at the level of the manufacturing unit. As the degree of education and
technical sophistication of the labor force has increased, top management teams have guided the
established patterns of manager to increase interpersonal communication from a one-way
control mode to a two-way dialogue mode. In order to adequately production targets, plant
manager and supervisors realized the need to attain supervision the workers under their
direction.

Memorandum
To : All employees
From : Deny, SE
Director, Personel
Date : November 1, 2012
Subject : Charitable Leave

The corporation is pleased to announce a new policy which will allow employees to take paid
time off for volunteer activities. Employees may take up to eight hours of paid leave per month
to volunteer for charity organizations. Employees are eligible for this programs if they are full-
time and have been employed here for at least one year. Charitable leave must be requested in
advance; otherwise, employees will not be paid for that time. Charitable leave must also be
approved by the employee's supervisor.

1. Organizational

An organization is a social entity that has a collective goal and is linked to an external
environment. The word is derived from the Greek word organon, itself derived from the better-
known word ergon which means "organ" a compartment for a particular task.

1862 Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union.

There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-
governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit
corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities. A hybrid organization is a body that
operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties
and developing commercial market activities.

In the social sciences, organizations are the object of analysis for a number of disciplines, such as
sociology, economics, political science, psychology, management, and organizational
communication. The broader analysis of organizations is commonly referred to as organizational
structure, organizational studies, organizational behavior, or organization analysis. A number of
different perspectives exist, some of which are compatible:

From a process-related perspective, an organization is viewed as an entity is being

(re-)organized, and the focus is on the organization as a set of tasks or actions.

From a functional perspective, the focus is on how entities like businesses or state
authorities are used.

From an institutional perspective, an organization is viewed as a purposeful structure

within a social context.

Sociology can be defined as the science of the institutions of modernity; specific institutions
serve a function, akin to the individual organs of a coherent body. In the social and political
sciences in general, an "organization" may be more loosely understood as the planned,
coordinated and purposeful action of human beings working through collective action to reach a
common goal or construct a tangible product. This action is usually framed by formal
membership and form (institutional rules). Sociology distinguishes the term organization into
planned formal and unplanned informal (i.e. spontaneously formed) organizations. Sociology
analyzes organizations in the first line from an institutional perspective. In this sense,
organization is a permanent arrangement of elements. These elements and their actions are
determined by rules so that a certain task can be fulfilled through a system of coordinated
division of labor.
An organization is defined by the elements that are part of it (who belongs to the organization
and who does not), its communication (which elements communicate and how do they
communicate), its autonomy (which changes are executed autonomously by the organization or
its elements), and its rules of action compared to outside events (what causes an organization to
act as a collective actor).

By coordinated and planned cooperation of the elements, the organization is able to solve tasks
that lie beyond the abilities of the single elements. The price paid by the elements is the
limitation of the degrees of freedom of the elements. Advantages of organizations are
enhancement (more of the same), addition (combination of different features) and extension.
Disadvantages can be inertness (through co-ordination) and loss of interaction.

2. Technical Skill

Definition of 'Technical Skills'

1. The knowledge and abilities needed to accomplish mathematical, engineering, scientific

or computer-related duties, as well as other specific tasks. Those with technical skills are
often referred to as "technicians" in their chosen field, i.e. audio technicians, electronics
technicians, engineering technicians, etc. Microsoft Corporation even offers accreditation
as a Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician (MCDST).

2. Technical skills could also refer to the ability of a certain type of stocktrader which uses
technical analysis to buy and sell stocks. Technical analysis uses charts and trends to look
at historical prices. Technical skills in this context would be a slang phrase meaning the
person was skilled at technical analysis.
3. Interpersonal

An Interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people that may range
from fleeting to enduring. This association may be based on inference, love, solidarity,
regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal
relationships are formed in the context of social, cultural and other influences. The context
can vary from family or kinship relations, friendship, marriage, relations with associates,
 work, clubs, neighborhoods, and places of worship. They may be regulated by law, custom,
or mutual agreement, and are the basis of social groups and society as a whole.

A relationship is normally viewed as a connection between individuals, such as a romantic or

intimate relationship, or a parentchild relationship. Individuals can also have relationships
with groups of people, such as the relation between a pastor and his congregation, an uncle
and a family, or a mayor and a town. Finally, groups or even nations may have relations with
each other, though this is a much broader domain than that covered under the topic of
interpersonal relationships. (See such articles as international relations for more information
on associations between groups). Most scholarly work on relationships focuses on the small
subset of interpersonal relationships involving romantic partners in pairs or dyads.

Interpersonal relationships usually involve some level of interdependence. People in a

relationship tend to influence each other, share their thoughts and feelings, and engage in
activities together. Because of this interdependence, most things that change or impact one
member of the relationship will have some level of impact on the other member

4. Motivation

Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal
and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directed behaviors. For instance: An individual has
not eaten, he or she feels hungry, and as a response he or she eats and diminishes feelings of
hunger. There are many approaches to motivation: physiological, behavioural, cognitive, and
social. Motivation may be rooted in a basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize
pleasure, or it may include specific needs such as eating and resting, or for a desired object.
Conceptually, motivation is related to, but distinct from, emotion.

Translate page 124

Pengelolaan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia

Manajer melakukan berbagai fungsi, namun salah satu aspek yang paling penting dan paling
sedikit dipahami dari pekerjaan mereka adalah pemanfaatan yang tepat dari orang. Penelitian
menyatakan bahwa kinerja buruh erat hubungannya dengan motivasi; majikan sehingga menjaga
termotivasi merupakan komponen penting dari manajemen yang baik. Dalam konteks bisnis,
motivasi mengacu pada stimulus yang mengarahkan perilaku pekerja terhadap tujuan
perusahaan. Dalam rangka untuk memotivasi pekerja untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan,
manajer harus menyadari kebutuhan mereka.

Banyak manajer berpendapat buruh akan termotivasi untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan
memenuhi kebutuhan pokok materi untuk hidup. Kebutuhan ini termasuk gaji yang bagus,
kondisi kerja yang aman, dan keamanan kerja. Sedangkan tidak adanya hasil faktor dalam moral
bobrok dan ketidakpuasan, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa mereka ada hasil hanya dalam
mempertahankan sikap yang ada dan kinerja kerja. Meskipun penting, gaji, kondisi kerja, dan
keamanan kerja tidak memberikan motivasi utama untuk banyak pekerja di masyarakat industri
maju, terutama pada tingkat profesional atau teknis.

Peningkatan motivasi lebih mungkin terjadi ketika bekerja memenuhi kebutuhan individu untuk
belajar, realisasi diri, dan pertumbuhan pribadi. Dengan menanggapi kebutuhan pribadi-
keinginan pertanggung jawaban, diakui, berkembang, promosi dan lebih menarik pekerjaan-
manajer mengganti kondisi di tempat kerja dan akibatnya banyak karyawan yang termotivasi
untuk bekerja dengan lebih efektif.

Dalam upaya untuk menarik bagi kebutuhan pokok dan kebutuhan pribadi atau pekerja,
pendekatan manajemen yang inovatif, seperti pengayaan kerja dan perluasan kerja, telah
diadopsi di banyak organisasi. Pengayaan pekerjaan memberikan buruh lebih kekuasaan dalam
membuat keputusan yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan dan melakukan pekerjaan mereka.
Seorang pekerja dapat diberikan tanggung jawab untuk menjadwal alur kerja, mengecek mutu
pada hasil kerja atau membuat pasti tahap akhir. Pembesaran pekerjaan meningkatkan jumlah
tugas kerja memperbolehkan mereka untuk berputar posisi atau memberikan mereka tanggung
jawab untuk melakukan beberapa pekerjaan. Daripada memasang hanya satu bagian dari mobil,
pekerja pabrik mungkin dikelompokkan bersama-sama dan memberi respon untuk memasang
seluruh bahan bakar system.

Dengan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan kerja melalui kepuasan karyawan mendasar dan
pribadi membutuhkan manajer berusaha untuk mengarahkan perilaku pekerja terhadap tujuan
perusahaan.

B. Look at the words in the left-hand column and find the correct synonyms or definitions in
the right-hand column. Copy the corresponding letters in the blanks.

1. __d__ thus ( line 3 ) a. New; different

 2. __i__ stimulus (line 5 ) b. The fulfillment of ones potential
capacities
3. __g__ material ( line 9 )
c. Essential; necessary
4. __f__ aware ( line 7 )
d. Consequently
5. __h__ morale (line 11 )
e. Put together
6. __c__ fundamental ( line 9 )
f. Conscious
7. __b__ self-realization ( line 17)
g. Physical rather than spiritual or
8. __e__ assemble ( line 30 ) intellectual
h. The mental condition of an individual
9. __j__ rotate ( line 27 )
or group
10. __a__ innovative ( line 22 )
i. Something that causes a respons
j. Systematically alternate

C. Complete the sentences with the noun and verb forms provided.

1. maintenance/to maintain
a. Maintenance of the current high productivity level was a challenging goal
for the factory supervisors.
b. When the employee was transferred to a different part f the country it
became difficult for him to maintain close ties with his former co-workers.
2. assumption/assumed
a. The assumption that most workers are highly motivated by a good salary
has been proved false.
b. When the employee did not come to work for three weeks and failed to
contact his employer, the employer assumed that he had quit.

3. rotation/rotated
a. The three workers rotated positions so that each one could perform a
variety of tasks.
b. Some workers do not want to participate in job rotation because it
interferes with their established routines.
4. utilization/utilize
a. Managers utilize various techniques to encourage employees to work more
effectively.
b. The proper utilization of resources-both fiscal and human-is an important
managerial responsibility.
5. adoption/has adopted
a. The company adopted a new policy regarding sick leave.
 b. The factory managers adaption of a new management approach resulted
in increased production.

Translate page 136

Langkah-Langkah Dalam Proses Pengambilan Keputusan

Salah satu manajer paling penting adalah melakukan pengambilan keputusan.

Ini dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses memilih tindakan (ketika alternatif yang tersedia) untuk
memecahkan langkah problem.the tertentu tercantum di bawah ini memberikan kerangka
disederhanakan dari proses pengambilan keputusan yang ideal:

1. Mendefinisikan masalah
2. Mendefinisikan harapan
3. Mengumpulkan data
4. Mengembangkan alternatif
5. Mengevaluasi alternatif
6. Memilih alternatif terbaik

Langkah pertama, mendefinisikan masalah. Mungkin adalah langkah yang paling sulit.
Melibatkan analisis yang cermat situasi untuk menyatakan masalah dan menentukan
penyebabnya. Misalnya, pabrik mungkin mengalami produksi rendah (masalah) karena lias
pengawas gagal menjadwalkan shift kerja dalam cara yang paling efisien (penyebabnya).

Mendefinisikan harapan pada langkah 2 melibatkan menyatakan hasil yang diharapkan setelah
masalah telah diselesaikan. Hasil yang diharapkan setelah memecahkan masalah produksi yang
rendah menggambarkan di atas akan incrase out put dari pabrik.

Selanjutnya, data dikumpulkan tentang masalah. Informasi ini dapat diperoleh dari berbagai
sumber: pengamatan, survei, atau penelitian yang dipublikasikan. Kebanyakan bisnis bergantung
pada komputer untuk memproses, meringkas, dan melaporkan data. Memiliki data yang
memadai yang valid dan reliabel diperlukan untuk langkah 4

Di sini pembuat desicion mengembangkan alternatif yang layak, atau solusi potensial, untuk
masalah. Menggunakan contoh produksi yang rendah, beberapa alternatif mungkin mencakup
1. Menggantikan pengawas saat ini
2. Menyediakan pengawas saat ini dengan informasi yang diperlukan dan pelatihan untuk
menjadwalkan pekerjaan bergeser lebih efisien
3. Menciptakan insentif bagi pekerja, seperti gaji yang lebih tinggi atau waktu off, dalam rangka
meningkatkan produksi.

Pada langkah kelima, pembuat keputusan mengevaluasi alternatif dalam hal hasil yang
diharapkan dari solusi (yang untuk meningkatkan produksi) dan keterbatasan, seperti waktu dan
uang. Alternatif pertama, menggantikan pengawas saat ini, tidak menjamin peningkatan
produksi. Dan itu akan melibatkan pengawas pelatihan baru. Alternatif kedua, memberikan
pelatihan tambahan untuk pengawas saat ini, akan memakan waktu dan agak mahal tapi harus
membawa peningkatan produksi. Alternatif terakhir, menciptakan insentif pekerja, mungkin
briong tentang produksi meningkat tapi akan cukup mahal
Akhirnya, pembuat keputusan membandingkan alternatif dan memilih salah satu yang memiliki
potensi terbaik untuk memberikan hasil yang diinginkan. Dalam contoh produksi rendah, makerr
keputusan memutuskan untuk mencoba memberikan pengawas saat ini dengan pelatihan
tambahan karena alternatif ini harus mencapai tujuan dengan pengeluaran terendah waktu dan
uang.

Proses pengambilan keputusan dalam diikuti oleh:

1. Pelaksanaan alternatif yang dipilih (memasukkannya ke dalam tindakan)
2. Evaluasi alternatif

Jika alternatif mencapai hasil yang diinginkan, itu kemudian dikenal sebagai solusinya

A. Answewring the followimg questions about the decision-making proses. Questions with
asterisks (*) cannot be answered directly fr om the text.

1. What is decision making? *why does the the definition include *when alternatives are
available*?
2. What are the six steps of the ideal decision making-making process? *how does the
de cision-making process that you described in the prereading activity compare to the
ideal model?
3. Defining the problem involves two steps. What are they?
4. What is the expectedresult after solving the problem of low production?
5. Where can data be obtained?
6. What does the decision maker do after obtaining data? *why must the alternatives be
feasible?
7. How does the decision maker evaluate the alternatives?
8. Why was the second alternative in the problem of low production chosen? *Do you
think it was the best choice? *why or why not?
9. What follows the six steps outlined in the decision-making process? *Do you think
evaluation is always necessary? *explain.
Answer

1. Decision making : The process of choosing a course of action to solve a particular

problem.
Alternative are available when the problem is defined.
2. Step 1 6
The decision making making compares the alternatives & chooses the one that has the
best potensial for providing the desired result.
3. a. It involves careful analysis of situation in order state the problem
b. Determine its cause
4. Increase production
5. It can be obtained from a kaviety of sources observation, surveys, or published
research.
6. It rely on computers to process, summarize, and report data, because to gain the
expected result to solve the problem.
7. Decision maker evaluate the alternative by finding the best solution to increase
production with lowest expenditure time and money.
8. Because the second alternative should reach. The objective with the lowest
expenditure of time and money. I dont think the second alternative is the best choice,
I would prefer to the first alternative because replacing the currentsupervisor could
bring some fresh environment at the work place, altouhf its not guarantee increased
production
9. Implementation of the chosen alternative and evaluation of that alternative, evaluation
is always necessary because the decision maker could evaluate whether its the best
solution to increase production or vice versa.

B. Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false. Then put T or
F in the blanks. Rewrite false statements to make them true.

1. T Defining the problem can be one of the most difficult steps in the decision
making process.
2. T Computers provide valuable support for decision makers.
3. F Another feasible alternative in the problem of low production might be to replace
all the factory workers.
4. T Time and money are considered in the evaluation of alternatives
5. F The alternatives selected in step 6 always solves the problem
A. Look at the terms in the left-hand column and find the correct synonyms or definitions in
the right-hand column. Copy the corresponding letters in yhe blanks.

1. e realible (line 17) A.Choice :Option

2. f feasible (line 19) B.Encouragement : Stimulus

3. d state (line 6) C.Provide a substitute for
4. a alternative (line 2) D.Declare : sets forth in words
5. g framework (line 4) E.Dependable
6. b incentive (line 25) F.Possible
7. h ideal (line 4) G.Structure
8. c replace (line 22) H.existing only in the mind : often not
real or pratical

B. Discuss the following questions with a partner. In giving your answer, try to use the
italicized terms.

1. What are some incentives governments provide to encourage business and

invesments?
Incentives governments to encourage business and invesments is higher pay or
tme off.
2. What kinds of limitations does the government place on business in your country?
Do you favor these kinds of restrinctions?
I think the limitations of government business in the country yet. But if there is I
will not support because it can limit creativity.
3. Many products nowadays are guarenteed to be of satisfactory quality. Have you
ever purchased a product that was guaranteed? Explain.
Yes I have, guaranteed that the product and its warranty like electronics.
4. What expextations do you have for your future career? Do you think these
expextations are feasible?
Expectations for my future career is to become an owner in the company and
create jobs for others. I think I deserve expectations.
5. Do you usually make personal decisions on your own or do you rely on someone
else for advice?
 I usually make their own personal decision but if advice from others than better,
why not.

C. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate therm from the list
Evaluate Alternative Rely on Validity Reliable
Ideal Limitations Guarantee Replace Expenditure

Decision makers Rely on data to develop potential solutions to a problems :

therefore, the accumulation of Validity data is an important aspect of the decision making
process. Decision makers Evaluate their data to make sure that the information is indeed
valid. Reliable may be determined by age of data size of statistical sample. Method used
to obtain the data, and so forth. There are Limitations as to how much time and money a
decision maker can devote to gathering data, so the Expenditure of time and money is
determined by the importance of the problem.Alhtough the accumulation and analysis of
reliable data are prerequisites for the development of feasible Alternative to a problems,
having reliable data does not,unfortunately,Guarantee that a solution will be found.