Indonesian Healing through the Ages

Jaman Neolitikum
Museum Jakarta
Penggunaan alat batu untuk menghancurkan tanaman untuk
menghasilkan serbuk dan ekstrak

800 900 SM
Candi Borobudur
Pengracikan tanaman untuk perawatan tubuh dan kecantikan;
juga terapi pijat

Akhir Millenium 1
Penaklukan Majapahit ke Bali
Pengaruh Hindu mulai memasuki sistem pengobatan Jawa;
prinsip dasar kehidupan menyebar ke nusantara

Abad ke XV
Pecahnya Majapahit dan mulai masuknya Islam

Tahun 1908
Awal mulai Kolonialisasi dan masuknya pedagang Cina
 1940
Kongres ke 2 Ikatan Dokter Indonesia di Surakarta
OBAT TRADISIONAL INDONESIA
jamu menjadi komplementer
1942 1944
Pendudukan Jepang
Dai Nippon mendukung jamu untuk perawatan kesehatan
KOMITE KEDOKTERAN TRADISIONAL INDONESIA
(Juni 1944 Prof. Dr. Sato)
Perang Kemerdekaan
Kedokteran konvensional sangat terbatas
Medis & Paramedis lebih banyak menggunakan jamu/herbal
Proklamasi Kemerdekaan
Presiden Sukarno BERDIKARI
Penggunaan jamu semakin populer
Kongres, Seminar, Penelitian manfaat jamu
 KEDOKTERAN ASLI INDONESIA

ISLAMIC MEDICINE
AYURVEDA (HINDU) MEDICINE
GRAECO-ROMAN MEDICINE
CHINESE MEDICINE
THURSTONISM (CHRISTIANT) MEDICINE Susan-Jane Beers (2001)
ECLETISM (CHRISTIANT) MEDICINE Njonja E. van Gent-Detelle (875)
Njonja van Blokland (1899)
 Pendekatan Kosmologi
Pendekatan Holistik
Pendekatan Kultural
Pendekatan Sibernatika
Pendekatan Kosmologi
INDIVIDU ALAM
NATURALISTIK
Cuaca, Iklim, Makanan, Racun,
Kuman, Bakteri, Trauma, Stres
BODY - MIND
Manusia
MIKROKOSMOS
KESEIMBANGAN HARMONIS
&
YANG UTUH
MAKROKOSMOS
Alam Semesta

SPIRIT
Intervensi suatu agen aktif
(makhluk gaib, sihir, roh jahat)
PERSONALISTIK
Lieban 1977:27
Foster and Anderson 1986: 64
Jordaan 1985: 224
Pendekatan Holistik
PENYAKIT
Ketidakseimbangan

Fisik, Emosional, Spritual,

Sosial dan Lingkungan

INDIVIDUALISTIK

KAUSAL
Pendekatan Kultural
SEHAT

BioPsikoSosioKultural

Health Quotient

Perilaku Sehat

NILAI & BELIEVE

 INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES

EVALUATION

PERSONALI COPING B
Biological TY STYLES E
Need H
VALUES
Closeness HABITS A
BELIEFS Separateness V
Pattern BEHAVIOU I
Socio ATTITUDES
R O
Cultural CAPABILITIE U
DISPOSITI
Component S ON R

Cognitive Affective
evaluation evaluation
Pendekatan Sibernatika
SEHAT

Basic Need

Komunikasi Kendali Biologis Mekanistik

VITALITAS

Quality of Life
 Holistic & Wholistic (Holism)
Nature & Nurture
Disease & Dis-ease
Medicatrix Naturae
Holism
Penanganan individual
System not symptom
Holistic & Wholistic
Nature & Nurture
Manusia Alam
Penyakit: kasih sayang alam ??

Disease & Dis-ease

Penyakit ketidakselarasan
Ketidakselarasan = Patologis

Medicatrix Naturae
Alam sang Penyembuh
Sehat Sakit RESILIENSI
VITAL FORCE
Alam KOMPONEN ENERGI Sisi SEHAT vs Sisi SAKIT

Subjectivity
ILLNESS
Inter-Subjectivity
SICKNESS

Objectivity
DISEASE
 ILLNESS, SICKNESS & DISEASE
Perspectives

DISEASE
Underlying pathology;
biological defined
The practitioners view
and perspectives

ILLNESS
A persons
SICKNESS
subjective
experience Social & cultural conceptions of
of their symptoms. the persons condition.
What the patient Cultural beliefs and reactions
brings such as fear or rejection.
to the practitioner Affect how the patients react.

Marinker M. Why make people patients? Journal of Medical Ethics 1975:I:814

Boyd K.M.. Disease, illness, sickness .Med Humanities 2000;26:9-17
 Tidak hanya terbebas dari penyakit
Pendekatan menyeluruh secara holistik
Melibatkan perspektif individu secara utuh
Tidak hanya kesehatan fisik; tetapi juga emosi,
intelektual, sosial, okupasi dan spiritual

Konsep SEHAT
WELLNESS ORIENTED HOLISTIC PROGRAM THROUGH WELLBEING

RESILIENSI

Tingkat kesehatan tertinggi

Tumbuh dan kembang yang positif
Rujukan pilihan terhadap perilaku kehidupan
Kehidupan yang seimbang menyangkut aspek fisik
emosi, intelektual, sosial, okupasi dan spiritual
Susser M. Causal thinking in the health sciences. New York: Oxford University Press; 1973
RESILIENCE = VITAL FORCE
 EMIK ETIK
An "emic" account is a description of behavior or a belief in
terms meaningful (consciously or unconsciously) to the actor;
that is, an emic account comes from a person within the culture.

An "etic" account is a description of a behavior or belief by an

observer, in terms that can be applied to other cultures; that is,
an etic account attempts to be "culturally neutral."

Wikipedia
 SEHAT SAKIT

ETIK EMIK ETIK EMIK

Jasmani Tidak merasakan PERSONALISTIK ILLNESS

Fungsi mekanistik adanya kelainan Lingkungan Penilaian individu
Mental fisik atau psikis (Supranatural) (Subjektif)
Berfikir jernih Aspek Budaya
Emosi
Kendali perasaan Walau sakit NATURALISTIK
Sosial Keseimbangan DISEASE
Inter-relasi sesama (Homeostasis) Penilaian biologis
Spiritual Tetap dapat (Objektif)
Kepercayaan menjalankan peran Aspek Medis
Lingkungan dan akitifitasnya
Hubungan sekitar

WELLNESS QoL KOSMOS DIAGNOSA

 HEALTH DISEASE FRAMEWORK
RAMUAN PIJAT TERAPI AIR Naturalistik & Personalistik
Body Mind and Spirit

MODALITAS

KEDOKTERAN ASLI
PHILOSOPICAL APPROACH
INDONESIA ISLAMIC and HINDUS MEDICINE

N) ??? Temprament Humour

ST IA
HR I
Fire

VAL (C Air Earth

ED IE
M Water
Spirit Energy

CONCEPTUAL PRACTICE
4 methods
(Cleansing, Warming, Cooling & Tonification)
MD Disease Symptom Quantitative Physical Diagnostic
oriented - Etiology
- Pathology
- Clinical manifestation
CURE Radiology
Laboratory
Pharmacology

ND Dis-ease System Qualitative Functional Diagnostic

oriented - Physiology
- Pathophysiology
- Pathogenese
HEAL Constitutional Aspect
- Personal character
- Plant habit
Psychoanalytic
Disposition questionnaire
Phytopharmacology
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES
Komprehensif
Diagnostik
EMIK
Illness & Sickness
ETIK
Disease
DIS-EASE
PERSONALITAS
PNEI
WELLNESS
EMIK ETIK Symptom
DISEASE (ICD) Laboratories 1 2
Radio-imaging
DIS-EASE System
- Organic
- Central Nervous
- Cardiovascular
- Pulmonary
- Hepato-billiary
- Gastrointestinal
- Urinary tract
- etc
3
- Functional
- Circulatory
- Hormonal
- Metabolism
- Detoxification
- etc
Cellular aspect
Energy analyze
INDIVIDUAL Constitutional aspect
BLUE PRINT - Sanguin
- Phlegmatic 4
- Melancholic
- Choleric

PNIE Body Mind Spirit

- Symphatic
5
- Para-symphatic

WELLNESS Resilience
- Physical
- Intellectual
- Spiritual 6
- Social
- Emotional
- Occupational
 Analisa keluhan secara langsung atau allo-anamnesa

1 2
Telusuri wawancara lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui
faktor aggravasi dan faktor ameliorasi

ILLNESS SICKNESS DISEASE plus DIS-EASE

Persepsi Masyarakat Pendekatan ilmiah medis

Keluhan Pencetus Kelengkapan diagnosa
Kebiasaan Pemberat Sistem yang terganggu
Awam Budaya
 Riwayat Penyakit

ANAMNESA
1
PEMERIKSAAN
2

Analisa Holistik

DEFINITIVE
POSSIBLE
DIAGNOSA
DOUBTFUL

EMIK ETIK
ILLNESS SICKNESS DISEASE
3
CELLULAR AFFAIR 3
Human body make up by 100 trillion cells
UNDERSTAND CELL FUNCTIONS
CELL DIVISION LIMITATION
Hand in hand with Waste Accumulation. Waste >> cell fall apart
few cell division

HAYFLICK LIMIT
Cell are control by biological clock that limits their lifespan.

TELOMERASE
Nucleic acid from tips of chromosome broken

AUTOIMMUNE
Immune attack its own

LIPOFUSCINS
Free radical attack cell membrane and create metabolic waste
 Bio-energy Source Function

Metabolic energy Fats, sugar, protein, Fuel, to power basic

essential nutrients cellular processes

Bioelectrical Nerves, muscles, Movement of body,

energy heart, GI tract, brain blood, food, urine.
Communication and
information of bodys
organ

Bone matrix Remodeling for

3 optimal strength

Intracellular electrons Regulate internal

from mitochondria cellular process

Circulatory systems Repair of tissue

damage and healing
response
 Bio-energy Source Function

Biophotonic DNA in cell nucleus Cell communications

energy

Subtle energy Life energy Nutritive support

(Magnetic Life Organ coordination
energy) Defense mechanism

Oxygen and sun Support the organs

light and tissues activity

Etheric energy Growth, development

and repair of trauma

Astral energy Regulate emotion

Mental energy Intellectual, creativity

and abstract thought

Spiritual energy Repository of soul

memories
4
HUMAN
a
PHYSICAL

Hot Cool
[A] [B]

Hot Cold
Warm Cool
MATERIAL
HERBS
Individual Personality
VIRTUOSO CONQUEROR

SAVANT THESPIAN
 Jayengresmi
Jayengsari
Rancangkapti

sisi perilaku dan watak manusia

kekuatiran, kekuatan,
kecemasan dan mencinta dan
keingintahuan menghamba

mengalahkan nafsunya sendiri

 Symphatetic
Organ-System
STRESS
Weakness
Total Wellness, 2000 Para Symphatetic

Neurochemical
imbalance Deficiency
Immune
System

Hormonal
DEGENERATIVE
imbalances
5
 STRESS

Recognition Central Nervous System

Organization of Biological defense

BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE
Behavioural, Autonomic, Endocrine and Immune
Response
Disturbances normal biological function

Altered biological function

Pre-Pathological state
Result

Development of Pathology

AGING
Radicalization
Degenerative and Disease
 STRESOR
Cortex & Limbic

HIPOTALAMUS

JANGKA PENDEK JANGKA PANJANG

Jalur Elektrik Jalur kimiawi

Brainstem Pituitari
Adrenal Medulla Adrenal Cortex

Adrenalin Cortisol

Gangguan Gangguan
Mekanik & Kinetik Regenerasi

Mitochondrial cytopathy

TELOMERASE
 B-M-S BIOMARKER CHECK
PNEI
Hypothalamus
&
Pituitary

ACTH Negative feedback

Catecholamines

Adrenal Cortex
Pregnenolone

DHEA CORTISOL
Anabolic Catabolic
Sex hormones Gluconeogenesis
Anti atherogenic Anti inflammatory
Immune protective Immune suppression
Brain Behav. Immun.,2007. 21: 1009-1018.
Journal of Biological Sciences, 2011. 14: 363-374
APPLICATION PRACTICE
- More than just the absence of disease
- Be in good health and truly well 6
- Sense of vitality of body, mind and spirit
RESILIENCE TO ILLNESS

DIS-EASE vs DISEASE

If you are ill, treatments is important but dont stop at the neutral point
 DISEASE DIS-EASE AVERAGE GOOD OPTIMAL
Multiple medications Symptoms No symptoms Regular exercise Revitalize function
Poor Quality of Life Drug therapy Nutrition inconsistent Good nutrition Active participation
Potential becomes limited Surgery Exercises sporadic Health conscious Wellness lifestyle
Body has limited function Losing normal function Health is low priority Minimal nerve interference Continuous development
 HEALTH GOALS

Increase quality and years of healthy life

Eliminate health disparities

Increase incidence of people reporting

WELLNESS ORIENTED HOLISTIC PROGRAM THROUGH WELLBEING
healthy days

Increase access to health information and

services for all people

Emphasize quality of life, well-being and functional capacity

WELLNESS CONSIDERATIONS
 WELLNESS DIMENSIONS
PHYSICAL
Measures both how one maintains fitness and strength, and behaviors
that help one to prevent or detect early illnesses

INTELLECTUAL
Measures the degree that one engages in creative, stimulating mental
activities

SPIRITUAL
Measures ones ongoing involvement in seeking meaning and purpose
in human existence

SOCIAL
Measures the individuals contribution to the common welfare of the
community

OCCUPATIONAL
Measures the satisfaction gained from ones work and the degree to
which one is enriched by the work

EMOTIONAL
Measures the degree of awareness and the acceptance that one has of
ones feeling

ENVIRONMENTAL
Measures the involvement accepting the impact we have on our world
and doing something about it
 [-] Wellness Dimensions [+]
Unfit Physical Fit
Ignorant Intellectual Informed
Unfulfilled Spiritual Fulfilled
Lonely Social Involved
Depressed Emotional Happy
Negative Occupational Positive
Intolerance Environmental Tolerance
 PASIEN
PROSEDUR DIAGNOSTIK

DISEASE
TANYA HIPOTESE
ID, KU, RPT AWAL

1 2 Syndrome

TANYA LAGI SYSTEM

3 4 5 6 HOLISTIK
KUALITAS HIDUP

PERIKSA FISIK
RUBAH
HIPOTESE
PENUNJANG
OBSERVASI
Dd

TERAPI
DIAGNOSA
 Seorang wanita; A dengan umur 49 tahun
CONTOH bekerja sebagai sekretaris mengeluh selalu
sakit kepala terutama pada daerah pundak.
KASUS
Wanita tersebut selalu bekerja sampai lewat
waktu larut malam sehingga sampai kurang tidur.

Pada saat dilakukan pemeriksaan didapati

tekanan darah 140/95 mmHg dan kadar
kolesterol 250 dengan berat badan 65 kg dan
tinggi 157 cm.

Dalam kesehariannya ia cenderung suka

bekerja keras dan mempunyai ambisi tinggi,
energetik dan agresif.

Selain itu ia juga mudah tersinggung dan

mudah emosi atau marah.
 KOMPONEN DESKRIPSI
EMIK Sakit kepala (illness) Masuk angin (sickness)
ETIK Hipertensi
DIS-EASE Sindroma Metabolik
KARAKTER Kholerik
PNEI Ketidakseimbangan Endokrin
WELLNESS Unfit Wellness

Sakit kepala akibat masuk angin ec Tekanan Darah Tinggi ec Sindroma

Metabolik pro Kholerik pro Endocrin imbalance pro Unfit wellness
PENATALAKSANAAN DIAGNOSTIK
STRUKTURAL
TERAPI

CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE Fondasi Fisilologis

DISEASE
- Body as machine Harmonisasi Mind
- Treatments to fix
abnormal physical body D
Newtonian Physics O J PURIFIKASI
K A BIOLOGIS
T M
Keseimbangan
E U B-M-S
DIS-EASE
Einsteinian Quantum
- Body as dynamic system R
- Treatments to rebalance
body mind spirit - PNEI
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE REVITALISASI

VITAL FORCE WELLNESS

KEDOKTERAN ASLI INDONESIA
[1] Detoks (Pembersihan racun)
penyakit terjadi adalah akibat ketidak mampuan
tubuh untuk membersihkan racun;
[2] Pemanasan (Melancarkan sirkulasi)
panas identik dengan vitalitas (penyakit adalah
akumulasi energi negative);
[3] Pendinginan (Penenangan pencernaan)
penyakit adalah akibat terlalu beratnya kerja sal.
cerna sehingga perlu dicooling down;
[4] Tonifikasi (Penguatan fungsi)
penyakit terjadi akibat debilitas atau menurunnya
vitalitas; termasuk pada penderita yang membutuh
kan proses recovery.