Referensi:
1.Em Griffin. 2012.A First Look at Communication Theory. 8th Edition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Companies
2. Littlejohn, Stephen W and Karen A. Foss. 2009. Teori Komunikasi. Edisi 9. Terjemahan. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika
3. Robert T. Craig, Heidi L. Muller, 2007, Teorizing Communication :Reading Across traditions; SAGE Publications