Civil
Pendahuluan Engineering
Department
1
Civil
Konservasi Energi Engineering
Department
Garis energi
v12
2g v22 Garis tekanan
2g
p1
A
p2
B
zA z1
z2
Garis referensi
p1 v12 p v2
PersamaanBernoulli: z1 z2 2 2 h f hL
2g 2g
Major Losses Minor Losses
3
Civil
Pipa dengan Turbin #1 Engineering
Department
L D
2
Civil
Pipa dengan Turbin #2 Engineering
Department
Civil
Pipa dengan Turbin #3 Engineering
Department
PQH (kgf.m/detik)
QH
(hp) (hp = horse power)
75
3
Civil
Pipa dengan Pompa #1 Engineering
Department
Pompa menaikkan air Garis tekanan
dari kolam A ke B
p
Hs
p
Garis tekanan
Pompa menaikkan air dari kolam A ke kolam B
7
Civil
Pipa dengan Pompa #2 Engineering
Department
4
Civil
Pipa dengan Pompa #3 Engineering
Department
QH
P kgf m/detik
QH
hp
75
efisiensi pompa
Civil
Engineering
Tinggi Energi & Tinggi Tekanan Pipa-Pompa ..#1 Department
10
5
Civil
Engineering
Tinggi Energi & Tinggi Tekanan Pipa-Pompa ..#2 Department
11
Civil
Engineering
Tinggi Energi & Tinggi Tekanan Pipa-Pompa ..#3 Department
12
6
Civil
Engineering
Tinggi Energi & Tinggi Tekanan Pipa-Pompa ..#3 Department
13
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Seri # 1 Engineering
Department
14
7
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Seri # 2 Engineering
Department
L V2 L V2 L V2
H f1 1 k1 1 f 2 2 k2 2 f3 3 k3 3 ....
D1 2 g D2 2 g D3 2g
15
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Seri # 3 Engineering
Department
hf1
H1
hf2
A D1 Garis energi riil
H
1
hf3
D2
L1
D3
L2 H2
B
L3 2
16
8
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Seri # 4 Engineering
Department
Kecepatan aliran:
Q Q Q
v1 ; v2 ; v3
1 ..D2 1 ..D2 1 ..D2
4 1 4 2 4 3
8 .Q 2 f1 L1 f L f L
Sehingga : H 5 2 5 2 3 5 3 (i)
g . 2 D1 D2 D3
17
Civil
Pipa Ekivalen Engineering
Department
8.Q 2 f e Le
H (ii)
g . 2 De5
De5 f1 L1 f 2 L2 f 3 L3
Le 5 5
f e D15 D2 D3
18
9
Civil
Pipa Ekivalen Engineering
Department
Debit Aliran
. 2 gH
Q
f1L1 f 2 L2 f 3 L3
4 5 5
D15 D2 D3
. 2 gH
f e Le
4
De5
19
Civil
CONTOH SOAL 1 .. Engineering
Department
Pipa 1, 2, dan 3 mempunyai panjang dan diameter
masing-masing sebagai berikut 300 m dan 300
mm, 150 m dan 200 mm, serta 250 m dan 250 mm,
terbuat dari besi cor baru mengalirkan air pada
temperatur 15oC.
Jika z = 10 m, hitung debit aliran dari A ke B.
20
10
Civil
.. CONTOH SOAL 1 Engineering
Department
21
Civil
E
Penyelesaian CONTOH SOAL 1.. Department
ngineering
Kehilangan Energi:
8 Q 2 f1 L1 f 2 L2 f 3 L3
z 5 5
g 2 D15 D2 D3
11
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Paralel # 1 Engineering
Department
23
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Paralel # 2 Engineering
Department
Kehilangan energi:
H hf 1 hf 2 hf 3
L1 v12 L2 v22 L3 v32
H f1 f2 f3
D1 2 g D2 2 g D3 2 g
24
12
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Paralel # 3 Engineering
Department
Civil
Pipa Hubungan Paralel # 4 Engineering
Department
1 1 1 1
5 5 5 5
D D D D
e
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
e e 1 1 2 2 f3 .L3
f . L f . L f . L
26
13
Civil
CONTOH SOAL 2 . # 1 Engineering
Department
Air dipompa dari kolam A ke kolam B melalui pipa 1, 2,
dan 3. Pompa berada di kolam A. Muka air Kolam B
berada 60 m di atas muka air kolam A. Debit aliran
pompa diharapkan sebesar 300 liter/detik
3
B
2
1
Pipa 1: D1 = 24, L1 = 450 m
Pipa 2: D2 = 12, L2 = 600 m
Pipa 3: D3 = 18, L3 = 600 m
A
Koefisien gesekan semua pipa = 0.02
27
Civil
CONTOH SOAL 2 . # 2 Engineering
Department
Tentukan:
1. panjang pipa ekivalen terhadap pipa 1
2. Daya pompa dalam tenaga kuda (efisiensi
75%)
3. Debit pada masing-masing pipa bercabang
28
14
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 1 Engineering
Department
Karakteristik Pipa:
29
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 2 Engineering
Department
a) Panjang ekivalen:
Panjang ekivalen pipa paralel (pipa 2 & 3) thd pipa 1:
30
15
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 3 Engineering
Department
a) Panjang ekivalen:
31
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 4 Engineering
Department
32
16
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 5 Engineering
Department
c) Debit melalui Pipa 2 dan Pipa 3:
Pipa paralel 2 & 3 digantikan pipa ekivalen, debit yg
melalui pipa ekivalen = 300 liter/detik.
Kehilangan energi pada pipa paralel:
33
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 6 Engineering
Department
Debit melalui Pipa 2:
34
17
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 2 # 6 Engineering
Department
Debit melalui Pipa 3:
35
Civil
Pipa Bercabang Engineering
Department
36
18
Tipe-tipe Persoalan Teknis Civil
Engineering
Dalam Sistem Pipa Tiga Tandon Department
37
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon #1 Department
ZA
ZB
38
19
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon # 2 Department
Ingat Definisi Garis Energi dan Garis Tekanan:
Garis Energi (EGL) dan Garis Tekanan
(HGL) dedefinisikan sebagai:
p v2
EGL z
2g
p
HGL z
EGL menunjukkan tinggi tekan total Bernoulli
sedangkan HGL adalah tinggi air pada
tabung piezometric yang dipasang pada pipa
39
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon # 3 Department
40
20
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon # 4 Department
41
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon # 5 Department
42
21
Civil
Engineering
Pipa Bercabang: Persoalan 3 tandon # 6 Department
43
Civil
CONTOH SOAL 3 # 1 Engineering
Department
+196.7 m
+190.0 m
ZA
ZB
+162.6 m
44
22
Civil
CONTOH SOAL 3 # 2 Engineering
Department
Data pipa:
L1 = 2440 m, D1 = 610 mm
L2 = 1200 m, D2 = 406 mm
L3 = 1220 m, D3 = 305 mm
Nilai f semua pipa sama = 0.029
Hitunglah debit pada masing-masing pipa.
45
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 1 Engineering
Department
zB = elevasi B elevasi D
= 190.0 162.6 = 27.4 m
Karena elevasi muka air pada titik cabang J
tidak diketahui maka penyelesaian dilakukan
dengan coba-coba.
46
23
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 2 Engineering
Department
h fi k i Qi 2 k2
8 0.029 1200
260.922
9.81 (3.14) 2 (0.406)5
8 0.029 1220
h fi k3 1108.716
Qi 9.81 (3.14)2 (0.305)5
ki
47
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 2 Engineering
Department
Pemisalan 1:
Diasumsikan elevasi muka air P sama dengan
elevasi muka air di kolam B sehingga tidak ada
aliran dari dan ke kolam B (Q2 = 0)
48
24
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 3 Engineering
Department
h f 3 ZB 27.4 m
h f 3 k 3 Q3 2
27.4 1108.716 Q32
Q3 0.1572 m3 / det ik
49
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 4 Engineering
Department
h f 1 k1Q12
6.7 69.29475Q12
Q1 0.3109 m3 / det ik
50
25
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 5 Engineering
Department
Q1 (Q 2 Q3 ) 0.3109 (0 0.1572)
0.1537 m3 / det ik
51
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 5 Engineering
Department
Pemisalan 2:
Elevasi muka air di P adalah +193.0
(Pemisalan sembarang)
Sehingga:
hf1 = 196.7 193.0 = 3.7 m
hf2 = 193.0 190.0 = 3.0 m
hf3 = 193.0 162.6 = 30.4 m
52
26
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 6 Engineering
Department
h f 1 k1Q12
3.7 69.29475 Q12
Q1 0.2311 m3 / det ik
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 8 Engineering
Department
h f 3 k 3Q 3 2
30.4 1108.716 Q32
Q3 0.1656 m3 / det ik
54
27
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 9 Engineering
Department
55
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 10 Engineering
Department
-0.0417 0.1537
Q P 190 2.3598
192.3598
56
28
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 11 Engineering
Department
Pemisalan 3:
Elevasi muka air di P adalah +192.3598 m
(Dari hasil interpolasi pemisalan 1 & 2)
Sehingga:
hf1 = 196.7 192.3598 = 4.3402 m
hf2 = 192.3598 190.0 = 2.3598 m
hf3 = 192.3598 162.6 = 29.7598 m
57
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 12 Engineering
Department
h f 1 k1Q12
4.3402 69.29475 Q12
Q1 0.2503 m3 / det ik
29
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 14 Engineering
Department
h f 3 k 3Q3 2
29.7598 1108.716 Q32
Q3 0.1638 m3 / det ik
59
Civil
Solusi CONTOH SOAL 3 # 15 Engineering
Department
60
30
Civil
Prosedur penyelesaian Engineering
Department
Mulai
Asumsikan
elevasi P
Hitung kehilangan
Energi pada tiap2 pipa Bila Koefisien Gesekan
hf1, hf2, hf3, pada pipa tidak
diketahui/diasumsikan,
Hitung Debit pada tiap2 pipa Gunakan Fast Formula
Q1, Q2, Q3,
Civil
Engineering
Fast Formula memperkirakan koef. gesek Department
Pers. Darcy-Weisbach:
2
LV 1 L
hf f V
D 2g f 2 gDh f
Persamaan Colebrook:
1 e / D 2.51
2log( )
f 3.7 R f
VD
2 gDh f e / D 2.51 V R
L
V -2 log
L 3.7 D 2 gDh f
62
31
Civil
Jaringan Pipa Engineering
Department
63
Civil
Jaringan Pipa Engineering
Department
64
32
Civil
Jaringan Pipa Engineering
Department
8f L
k
g 2 D5
25 cfs
k=1 k=4
100 cfs
k=4 k=2
k=3
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
65
33
Civil
Metode Hardy Cross #1 Engineering
Department
Prosedur Penyelesaian:
1. Tetapkan debit masing2 pipa Q0 hingga
memenuhi syarat Kontinuitas.
2. Hitung Kehilangan energi tiap pipa dengan
rumus: hf = kQ2
3. Jaringan dibagi menjadi beberapa jaring
tertutup.
4. Hitung kehilangan energi keliling tiap jaring
hf, jika pengaliran seimbang maka hf = 0
67
Civil
Metode Hardy Cross #2 Engineering
Department
Q
kQ 0
(A)
2kQ 0
68
34
Civil
Metode Hardy Cross #2 Engineering
Department
Penurunan Persamaan (A) adalah sbb:
1. Kehilangan energi:
h f k Q2
2
k Q0 Q
kQ0 2 2kQ0 Q k Q 2
h f kQ0 2 2kQ0 Q
69
Civil
Metode Hardy Cross #3 Engineering
Department
Penurunan Persamaan (A).. (lanjutan):
3. Jumlah kehilangan energi tiap jaring adalah 0,
sehingga:
h f 0
kQ0 2 Q 2kQ0 0
Q
kQ 0
2kQ 0
70
35
Civil
Engineering
Contoh Perhitungan Metode Hardy Cross Department
Hitung debit aliran tiap pipa pada jaringan pipa
berikut dengan metode Hardy Cross. Kehilangan
energi dihitung dengan rumus Darcy-Weisbach:
25 cfs
k=1 k=4
100 cfs
k=4 k=2
k=3
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
71
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #1 Department
25 cfs
k=1 k=4
100 cfs
60 50
10
40 k=4 25 k=2
k=3 25
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
72
36
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #2 Department
hf = k Q02 | 2kQ0 | 60
1 x 602 = 3600 2 x 1 x 60 = 120 10
40
4x 102 = 400 2 x 4 x 10 = 80
k=4
3 x 402 = - 4800 2 x 3 x 40 = 240 k=3
800
Q1 2
440
73
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #3 Department
hf = k Q02 | 2kQ0 | 50
4 x 502 = 10000 2 x 4 x 50 = 400 10
k=4 25 k=2
2x 252 = 1250 2 x 2 x 25 = 100
5 x 252 = - 3125 2 x 5 x 25 = 250 25
4 x 102 = - 400 2 x 4 x 10 = 80 k=5
hf = 7725 | 2kQ0 | = 830
7725
Q2 9
830 74
37
Civil
Perubahan asumsi debit Engineering
Department
40
10
k=4 25 k=2
Q1 2
k=3 25 Q2 9
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
k=3 34
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
75
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #4 Department
25 cfs
k=1 k=4
100 cfs
62 41
21
38 k=4 16 k=2
k=3 34
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
76
38
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #5 Department
hf = k Q02 | 2kQ0 | 62
1 x 622 = 3844 2 x 1 x 62 = 124 21
38
4x 212 = 1764 2 x 4 x 21 = 168
k=4
3 x 382 = - 4332 2 x 3 x 38 = 228 k=3
1276
Q1 2.5
520
77
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #6 Department
hf = k Q02 | 2kQ0 | 41
4 x 412 = 6724 2 x 4 x 41 = 328 21
k=4 16 k=2
2x 162 = 512 2 x 2 x 16 = 64
5 x 342 = - 5780 2 x 5 x 34 = 340 34
4 x 212 = - 1764 2 x 4 x 21 = 268 k=5
hf = - 308 | 2kQ0 | = 900
308
Q2 0.3
900 78
39
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #7 Department
25 cfs
k=1 k=4
100 cfs
59.5 40.7
18.8 15.7 k=2
40.5 k=4
k=3 34.3
k=5
25 cfs 50 cfs
79
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #5 Department
33.26
Q1 0.0649
512.4
80
40
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #6 Department
Loop Kanan :
40.7
hf = k Q02 | 2kQ0 | 18.8
k=4 16.7 k=2
4 x (40.7)2 = 6625.96 2 x 4 x 40.7 = 325.6
2 x (16.7)2 = 557.78 2 x 2 x 16.7 = 66.8 34.3
5x (34.3)2 = - 5882.45 2 x 5 x 34.3 = 343
k=5
4 x (18.8)2 = - 1413.76 2 x 4 x 18.8 = 150.4
hf = - 112.47 | 2kQ0 | = 885.8
112.47
Q2 0.1297
885.8 81
Civil
Engineering
Penyelesaian Metode Hardy Cross #4 Department
82
41