LESSON I - To Be ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1. Mendampingi BUKAN kata kerja → Vx= non Verb/bukan kata kerja ...................................... 1
2. Menolong membentuk “SEDANG” dengan V-Ing .................................................................... 1
3. Menolong membentuk “PASSIVE” dengan V-3........................................................................ 1
COMPARE (bandingkan) : .......................................................................................................................... 5
LESSON II- The Use of Tenses ................................................................................................................... 2
TENSES MENGGUNAKAN VERBS ................................................................................................................ 2
I. PRESENT TENSE : kebiasaan/fakta umum ............................................................................... 2
II. PAST TENSE : lampau .............................................................................................................. 2
PHASE (Tahapan) ............................................................................................................................... 2
A. PROGRESSIVE/SEDANG: ........................................................................................................... 2
B. PERFECT:................................................................................................................................... 3
MODALS : ..................................................................................................................................... 4
LESSON III- Question Words .................................................................................................................... 5
1. WHO (orang sebagai subyek) ................................................................................................... 5
2. WHOM (orang sebagai obyek) ; in conversation : WHO .......................................................... 5
3. WHAT (Menanyakan tentang barang) ..................................................................................... 5
4. WHEN = Kapan ....................................................................................................................... 5
5. HOW LONG = Beberapa lama (berlangsungnya) ................................................................... 6
6. HOW MANY TIMES = berapa kali ........................................................................................... 6
7. HOW : Menanyakan tentang : ................................................................................................ 6
8. W H Y ........................................................................................................................................ 7
9. WHERE = dimana / kemana .................................................................................................... 7
10. WHICH = yang mana................................................................................................................ 7
LESSON I V- Verb Without “Ing” ............................................................................................................... 8
Verb tanpa “ing” meski artinya “sedang” .......................................................................................... 8
Compare : ........................................................................................................................................... 8
LESSON V - Introduction, Greeting and Leave Taking ............................................................................... 9
1. INTRODUCTION (perkenalan) . . . . . .to introduce ................................................................... 9
2. GREETING (salam) . . . . . .to greet ............................................................................................ 9
3. LEAVE-TAKING (permintaan diri) . . . . . .to take leave ............................................................. 9
4. Shall I . . . . . ..? (untuk menawarkan jasa) ................................................................................ 9
5. May I . . . . . .? (untuk minta ijin) .............................................................................................. 9
6. a. Would you vs please............................................................................................................. 9
b Do you mind vs Would you mind ........................................................................................ 10
c. Would you be so kind as to . . . . . .? ................................................................................... 10
7. Would you like to . . . . . .? ...................................................................................................... 11
8. A : Thank you very much for your help (formal). .................................................................. 11
9. A : I’m sorry for troubling you. ............................................................................................... 11
10. A : I congratulate you on your successful examination. ....................................................... 11
11. A : Happy birthday (to you) and many more to come. .......................................................... 12
12. A : Merry Christmas & Happy New Year. ............................................................................... 12
13. VISITING A SICK FRIEND (mengunjungi teman yg sakit)......................................................... 12
ADVERB (KATA KETERANGAN) ................................................................................................................ 12
LESSON VI - Must, Have To dan Should.................................................................................................... 16
A. MUST : Harus ; order & regulation (peraturan) : .................................................................. 16
B. SHOULD : Ought to : seharusnya, sebaiknya; ........................................................................ 16
C. HAVE TO/HAVE GOT TO: ........................................................................................................ 16
D. BE TO (tidak terlalu penting dalam conversation) harus – berdasarkan : .......................................... 16
1. Should have + V 3: seharusnya telah ... tapi nyatanya belum dikerjakan.............................. 16
2. Shouldn’t have + V 3: Seharusnya jangan (tidak), tapi terlanjur ........................................... 17
3. Menyatakan : tak perlu . . . . . . ............................................................................................... 17
4. Needn’t have + V 3 : ............................................................................................................... 17
5. (a) must be + Verb + ing : ...................................................................................................... 17
6. Must have + V 3: . . . . . . ......................................................................................................... 18
7. Must have been + Verb + ing .................................................................................................. 18
8. to have + object V 3 ............................................................................................................... 18
LESSON VII - Pasif .................................................................................................................................... 20
1. PRESENT.................................................................................................................................. 20
2. PAST ........................................................................................................................................ 21
LESSON VIII - Preparatory “It”................................................................................................................. 23
I. Action ............................................................................................................................................ 23
II. Complement A = B ....................................................................................................................... 23
LESSON XIX - Relative Pronouns (Yang) .................................................................................................... 26
A. Who / That - jika Subyeknya orang. ................................................................................... 26
B. Whom / Who / That / Ø - sebagai obyek ............................................................................... 26
C. Which / that - benda atau binatang ..................................................................................... 26
D. Whose - untuk milik” ............................................................................................................. 26
E. Where - untuk menunjuk tempat .......................................................................................... 26
LESSON X - Ing Form dan Gerund ............................................................................................................ 28
A. Kata kerja sebagai benda........................................................................................................ 28
B. Pada prinsipnya ... .................................................................................................................. 28
C. Fungsi benda........................................................................................................................... 28
D. Ada sekitar 30 (tiga puluh) kata kerja .................................................................................. 28
LESSON XI Perbandingan ....................................................................................................................... 29
ADJECTIVE ......................................................................................................................................... 29
IRREGULAR ........................................................................................................................................ 29
ADVERB : .......................................................................................................................................... 31
IRREGULAR ........................................................................................................................................ 31
LESSON XII - Pengandaian ....................................................................................................................... 33
I. CONDITION (syarat) ...................................................................................................................... 33
II. SUPPOSITION (perandaian, improbable) ...................................................................................... 33
III. SUPPOSITION (Perandaian, impossible) ..................................................................................... 33
LESSON XIII - Concepts ............................................................................................................................ 35
A. CAUSE / REASON .......................................................................................................................... 35
CONCEPTS .................................................................................................................................... 35
B. PURPOSE (tujuan) ......................................................................................................................... 36
C. RESULT (akibat) ............................................................................................................................. 36
D. COMBINATION OF REASON AND RESULT..................................................................................... 37
E. T I M E ........................................................................................................................................... 37
F. CONCESSION ................................................................................................................................. 38
G. CONTRAST .................................................................................................................................... 38
LESSON XIV - Adjectives .......................................................................................................................... 40
A. HUMAN CHARACTER .............................................................................................................. 40
B. WEATHER................................................................................................................................ 40
C. TASTE ...................................................................................................................................... 41
D. PHYSICAL CONDITION ............................................................................................................ 41
E. P R I C E .................................................................................................................................. 41
LESSON XV - Electricity And Cinema ....................................................................................................... 42
A. LIGHT & ELECTRIC APPLIANCES .............................................................................................. 42
B. CINEMA................................................................................................................................... 42
LESSON XVI - Education, Court And Crime ............................................................................................. 44
A. EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................ 44
B. COURT & CRIME ..................................................................................................................... 45
CRIMES.................................................................................................................................... 46
LESSON XVII - Diseases And Clothes ....................................................................................................... 47
CLOTHES ................................................................................................................................. 48
I. VOCABULARY .......................................................................................................................... 48
II. SHOPPING ............................................................................................................................... 49
LESSON XVIII - Invitation, Information And Announcement .................................................................. 50
1. INVITATION ............................................................................................................................ 50
2. LETTERS OF INFORMATION .................................................................................................... 50
LESSON XIX - Verbs ................................................................................................................................. 52
A. TO LOOK ................................................................................................................................. 52
B. TO GIVE .................................................................................................................................. 52
C. TO COME ................................................................................................................................ 53
D. TO BRING ................................................................................................................................ 53
E. TO BREAK................................................................................................................................ 54
F. TO TAKE .................................................................................................................................. 54
G. TO TURN ................................................................................................................................. 55
H. TO GO ..................................................................................................................................... 56
I. TO DO ..................................................................................................................................... 56
J. TO MAKE ................................................................................................................................ 57
LESSON XX - Preposition ......................................................................................................................... 59
A. PREPOSITION AFTER VERB ..................................................................................................... 59
B. PREPOSITIONS AFTER ADJECTIVES ......................................................................................... 62
Rangkuman............................................................................................................................................... 64
LESSON I - To Be
TO BE
BE
Present Past SUDAH/BELUM
Is
HAVE BEEN
Am was/were
HAS
Are
FUNGSI
1. Mendampingi yang BUKAN kata kerja →
- I am here.
- I have been here since yesterday. S=V
- Hamed = seorang guru. V
= non Verb/bukan kata kerja
- Hamed is a teacher (V
/noun).
- He is not stupid (V
/adjective).
2. Menolong membentuk “SEDANG” dengan V-Ing
- He is teaching
- He has been living here for 10 years
COMPARE (bandingkan) :
Verb (V) Non Verb (V
)
1. He succeeded in the exam (verb). He was successful in the exam (V /adjective).
Did he succeed in the exam ?
Was he successful in the exam ?
2. He scolded me yesterday. = memarahi He was angry with me yesterday.=marah
Did he scold you yesterday ? Was he angry with you yesterday ?
3. (I) thank you for your help. I am thankful/grateful to you for your help.
4. This book differs from that. This book is different from that.
Does this book differ from that ? Is this book different from that ?
5. I still depend on my parents. I am still dependent on my parent.
Do you still depend on your parent. Are you still dependent on your parent?
6. Hurry up ! Be quick !
7. He attended the meeting last night. He was present at the meeting last night .
Did he attend the meeting last night ? Was he present at the meeting last night ?
hal. 1
LESSON II- The Use of Tenses
PHASE (Tahapan)
A. PROGRESSIVE/SEDANG:
Is
Am Verb + ing = sedang. . . . . . / sekarang
Are
Was
Verb + ing = sedang. . . . . . / lampau
Were
- I am waiting for Hadi (now). - I was waiting for Hadi when you knocked the door.
- I won’t be waiting for Hadi at 11 tonight because it
will be too late.
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- He is waiting for Siti. - He was waiting for Siti when I knocked the door.
- They are studying English. - They were studying English when I knocked the
door.
B. PERFECT:
Hasn’t
V-3 / been V
= belum … hanya ditambah NOT
Haven’t
I’ve
He’s
You’ve
V-3 / been V
She’s V-3 / been V
We’ve
It’s
They’ve
you he
-Have we V-3 / been V
? - Has she V-3 /been V
... ?
they it
hal. 3
MODALS :
Modals (M) atau Kata Kerja Bantu (Auxiliary) shall/will, can, may, must, might,
could/would dipakai untuk mengekspresikan future, possibility, ability, permission,
necessity, request, dan polite request.
Formula:
S M V1 (be + V
) pernyataan
M S V1 (be + V
). . . ? pertanyaan
V
= bukan kata kerja
Tak seperti yang ditakutkan kebanyakan orang, TENSES dalam bahasa Inggris
pada pokoknya ternyata hanya ada 2 (DUA) tenses seperti di atas. Selebihnya
adalah tahapan dan fungsi kata kerja bantu (Modals) serta kombinasi dari
ketiganya yaitu TENSES, PHASE dan MODALS.
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LESSON III- Question Words
QUESTION WORDS
- TO WHOM . . . . . . = Who . . . . . . To ?
a. To whom are you writing that letter ?
b. Who are you writing that letter to ?
4. WHEN = Kapan
a. When did you meet Bob ?
b. When will you visit her ?
- (At) What time (jam berapa)
- (On) What day / date (hari apa / tanggal berapa)
- (In) What month / year (bulan apa / tahun berapa)
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A : What time did the train for Jakarta depart yesterday ?
B : It departed at 9 o’clock.
C : What days do you attend your English-course ?
D : I attend my English course on Tuesdays and Fridays.
E : What date will you go to Jakarta ?
F : Perhaps, I’ll go on the I st of December ?
G : What month did we begin to learn English ?
H : We began in March.
I : What year did you graduate from High School ?
J : I graduated in 2010.
Has
Been Verb + ing
Have
8. WHY
A : Why didn’t you attend the meeting ?
B : I’m sorry I had something to do.
hal. 7
LESSON IV- Verb Without “Ing”
2. Hear = mendengar
- I hear you, but I’m not listening to you.
Compare :
I think he is learning. I thought he was learning.
I think he is a teacher. I thought he was a teacher.
I think he didn’t come last night. I don’t think he came last night.
I think he doesn’t remember me. I don’t think he remembers me.
6. to have / to understand
- I didn’t know
you are here.
- I had no idea
- I understand the problem.
- I have a car.
- I don’t have any money.
hal. 8
LESSON V - Introduction, Greeting and Leave Taking
hal. 9
b. Do you mind vs Would you mind
Do you mind
Would you mind Verb + ing . . . . (keberatankah sdr. . . . . ..?)
hal. 10
11. A : Happy birthday (to you) and many more to come.
Many happy returns of the day.
B : Thank you.
BAHASA INDONESIA :
Dengan + kata sifat menjadi ---→ kata keterangan
sopan ---→ dengan sopan
a. Dia sopan orangnya. (kata sifat)
b. Dia selalu berbicara dengan sopan. (keterangan)
ENGLISH
Adjective + ly . . . . . . adverb
Polite + ly . . . . . . politely
(adjective) (adverb)
1. He is polite. He always speak politely.
2. You must be patient. You must wait for me patiently.
3. He was very angry. He went home angrily.
4. Be careful ! Do it carefully !
5. Don’t be prodigal ! Don’t live prodigally !
TRANSLATION
1. Siapa yang datang kemari tadi pagi ?
2. Kau bertemu siapa tadi malam ?
3. Mengapa Hadi akan absen besok hari ?
4. Dengan siapa Siti biasanya pergi ke sekolah ?
5. Dari siapa kau beli sepeda ini ?
6. Sudah berapa hari Hadi sakit ?
7. Akan kau berikan kepada siapa pensil itu ?
hal. 11
8. Kau marah pada siapa kemarin ?
9. Hadi sedang belajar bahasa apa ?
10. Sudah berapa lama Hadi sakit ?
11. Puas atau kecewakah anda dengan show tadi malam ?
12. Ada berapa kolam renang di Yogya ?
13. Apakah ia pandai bahasa Inggris ?
14. Naik apa mereka akan pergi berpiknik ?
15. Mengapa Hadi tidak berhasil dalam ujiannya yang lalu ?
16. Apakah kau hadir dalam pertemuan itu tadi malam ?
17. Di mana kau bertempat tinggal ?
18. Akan kau jual berapa sepedamu ?
19. Berapa kali dalam seminggu ia belajar bahasa Inggris ?
20. Ada berapa murid dikelas kemarin ?
21. Apakah ia dulu seorang guru ?
22. A : Apa kau nonton fashion show itu ?
B : Ya, tapi saya kecewa karena sangat buruk
23. Dengan siapa kau biasanya berbicara bahasa Inggris ?
24. Mengapa Hadi datang terlambat tadi ?
25. Di mana kau tadi naik bus ini ?
26. Jam berapa Siti biasanya pergi tidur ?
27. A : Jangan terlambat, nanti gurumu akan marah !
B : O.K, saya akan datang pada waktunya
28. A : Mengapa kau jengkel pada Siti ?
B : Karena ia melanggar janjinya
29. Kau berasal dari mana ?
30. Berapa hari Hadi akan berada di Jakarta ?
31. Kau ingin menulis surat pada siapa ?
32. Apa bahasa Inggris sangat berbeda dengan bahasa Indonesia ?
33. Kau mempunyai berapa saudara laki – laki dan perempuan ?
34. Siapa yang sedang berbicara dengan ayahmu itu ?
35. Siti belajar dimana ?
36. Naik apa kau akan pergi ke Jakarta ?
37. Masih berapa lama lagi kau akan belajar di Yogya ?
38. A : Dapatkah ia bekerja dengan hati – hati ?
B : Saya kira demikian.
39. Mengapa kau tidak suka pada Hadi ?
40. Berapa kamu bayar becaknya tadi ?
41. Sudah berapa lama kau menunggu Siti ?
42. A : Apa kau menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut dengan benar?
B : Tidak, karena saya bingung.
43. A : Mengapa ia membolos kemarin ?
B : Mungkin ia takut pada test Inggris
44. Ayahmu dahulu biasanya main sport apa ?
45. Hadi minta apa pada ayahnya kemarin ?
46. Berapa jauhnya rumahmu dari sini ?
47. A : Jangan bekerja terlalu keras, nanti kau sakit !
B : Jangan khawatir pak, saya bisa menjaga diri saya
48. A : Mengapa kau tidak mampir dirumah saya kemarin ?
B : Maaf saya tergesa-gesa.
hal. 12
49. Ema sedang bertengkar dengan siapa ?
50. Kau mirip siapa ?
51. Sudah berapa lama mereka bersama ?
52. A : Bolehkah saya pinjam sepeda anda ?
B : Sorry, sedang rusak.
53. A : Mengapa kau mengantuk (sekarang) ?
B : Saya tidak dapat tidur nyenyak tadi malam.
54. Betty jualan apa dipasar ?
55. A : Yakinkah kau bahwa ia akan berhasil dalam ujiannya ?
B : Ya, karena ia rajin.
56. A : Maukah kau nonton bioskop nanti malam ?
B : Maaf, saya nanti sangat sibuk.
57. Mengapa anda belajar bahasa Inggris ?
58. Dimana kecelakaan tersebut terjadi ?
59. Mengapa kau malas berbahasa Inggris ?
60. Kapan dia jatuh dari sepeda motornya ?
61. Sudah berapa tahun Mr. X menjadi guru ?
62. Jam berapa mereka harus berada disini ?
63. A : Apakah anda sedang bertugas ?
B : Tidak, saya bertugas tadi malam.
64. Anda dapat berbicara berapa bahasa ?
65. Tanggal berapa kita merayakan hari kemerdekaan kita ?
66. Saya menerangkan apa pada pelajaran yang lalu ?
67. Apa Helmi dahulu teman sekolahmu ?
68. Berapa uang sekolahmu ?
69. A : Mengapa kau tidak main tennis tadi pagi ?
B : Sorry, saya sangat lelah.
70. Tahun berapa kau lulus dari SMA ?
71. Berapa lama ia hendak berada disini ?
72. Kau sedang menderita sakit apa ?
73. Kau suka musik apa ?
74. Apa maumu ?
75. Kapan kau akan menghafal pelajaranmu ?
hal. 13
COMPARE
A. Present + ing : Is
Am Verb + ing
Are
1. Sedang . . . . . . yang sekarang
- I’m waiting for Johnny.
2. Dapat pula menyatakan akan yang sudah dekat sekali atau yang sudah
direncanakan.
- I’m seeing you at 9 tonight.
- He’s coming soon.
COMPARE :
A. Present Perfect + Ing : B. Past Perfect + Ing
Have/Has Been Verb + ing Had been V + ing
Mulainya di masa lampau, namun ditekankan proses yang sedang berjalan):
E.g. : a. - I have waited for Siti from 3 to 5 p.m. (menyerah, dan sudah mau pulang sekarang)
- I have been waiting for Siti from 3 to 5 p.m. (tetap setia menunggu sekarang)
b. - I had lived here for 30 years in 2010. (mungkin sudah mau pindah saat itu.)
- I had been living here for 30 years in 2010. (masih tetap tinggal disini saat itu.)
hal. 14
TRANSLATION :
1. A : Naik apa kau biasanya pergi ke sekolah ?
B : Naik sepeda.
A : Mengapa kau pergi naik becak kemarin ?
B : Karena sepedaku rusak.
2. A : Sudah berapa hari Hadi sakit ? (sampai sekarang)
B : Saya kira dia telah sakit selama seminggu, tapi dia belum pergi ke dokter. Rupa-
rupanya dia tidak punya uang karena dia belum menerima gajinya.
3. A : Sudah berapa hari Hadi sakit ketika kau datang menengoknya ?
B : Saya kira dia telah sakit selama seminggu tapi dia belum pergi ke dokter. Rupa-
rupanya dia tidak punya uang karena dia belum menerima gajinya.
4. A : Sudahkah kau mengerjakan pekerjaan rumahmu ?
B : Belum, saya masih sibuk sekarang. Mungkin akan saya kerjakan nanti malam
5. A : Waktu lampu padam tadi malam, adik saya telah pergi tidur tapi ia belum tidur, Ia
lari keluar dari kamarnya, karena dia takut.
6. Tatkala saya datang menjemput Betty, ia telah mandi, tapi masih sedang berkemas-
kemas, ia meminta saya supaya menunggu sebentar.
Tentu saja saya jengkel, tapi rupa-rupanya dia tidak tahu.
7. Saya baru akan menstart sepeda motor saya waktu teringat bahwa saya belum
mengunci pintu kamar saya.
8. A : Kau sedang apa jam 7 nanti malam ?
B : Mungkin saya sedang berjalan-jalan
9. A : Mengapa kau sering absen akhir-akhir ini ?
B : Saya sangat sibuk
10. Tatkala adik saya jatuh dari pohon, saya berada di rumah sendiri dan saya
sedang tidur siang. Ayah belum pulang dari kantor padahal ibu masih berada di
Jakarta. Saya sangat bingung. Untunglah ketika saya baru akan membawanya
ke rumah sakit, teman saya, dokter Ahmad lewat. Saya menghentikannya dan
memintanya supaya merawat adik saya. Ia berkata bahwa adik saya telah
patah kaki kirinya. Ia sangat membutuhkan perawatan yang baik.
Sebab itulah kami membawanya kerumah sakit dengan segera. Setelah ia
berada di rumah sakit kira-kira 2 minggu, ia diperkenankan pulang, walaupun ia
belum dapat berjalan sendiri.
Tapi sekarang ia telah sembuh dan mungkin minggu depan ia akan pergi ke
sekolah lagi.
hal. 15
LESSON VI - Must, Have To dan Should
1. Plan
2. Agreement
E.g. : 1. Our President is to stay in Yogya for 2 days.
This books are to be sold by the dozen.
2. I am to teach you twice a week.
hal. 16
2. Shouldn’t have + V 3 (been + V ): Seharusnya jangan (tidak), tapi
terlanjur
E.g. : a. You shouldn’t have sold your bicycle
b. I shouldn’t have been absent last lesson
c. You shouldn’t have been angry with me
d. He shouldn’t have come late
hal. 17
6. Must have + V 3 (been + V
): . . . . . . may have + V 3 (been + V
) =
mungkin X can’t have + V 3 (been + V )
Tentunya telah (lampau)
A : Hadi was absent yesterday.
B : He must have been ill.
C : He can’t have been ill. He must have played truant.
8. to have + object V 3
a. menyuruh supaya object di . . . . . . (yang disuruh tidak disebutkan)
E.g. : I’ll have this room cleaned.
I had the book returned yesterday.
COMPARE :
o Would you please have my suit-case o Would you please take my suit-case to
taken to my room ? my room ?
o Please have the glasses taken away ....! o Please take away the glasses . . . . !
TRANSLATION :
hal. 18
4. A : Kamu seharusnya jangan marah pada saya, sebab itu bukan salah saya
B : Maaf saya tidak tahu.
5. A : Kau sebenarnya tidak perlu menjual sepedamu kamu seharusnya datang padaku jika
kau membutuhkan uang.
B : Kau seharusnya mengatakan ini minggu yang lalu tatkala saya belum menjual sepeda
saya.
6. A : Dimana Hadi sekarang ?
B : Dia tentunya masih di Semarang.
A : Tak mungkin. Baru tadi pagi saya jumpa dia.
9. A : Saya datang ke rumah Siti kemarin sore, tapi dia tidak ada.
B : Dia tentunya sedang bermain tennis, atau belum pulang dari Solo.
hal. 19
LESSON VII - Pasif
PASSIVES
1. PRESENT
SIMPLE
Is
Am + V3 : di . . . . . .... (fakta umum/pengulangan)
Are
SEDANG
Is
Am being + V 3 : sedang di . . . . . .. (sekarang)
Are
SUDAH/TELAH/BELUM
Has
Been + V 3 : telah di . . . . . ...
Have
MODALS
Shall
Be + V 3 : akan di . . . . . ...
Will
hal. 20
5.a. Can - bisa/dapat di . . . . . .
May - boleh di . . . . . .
Must be + V 3 : - harus di . . . . . .
Might - mungkin di . . . . . .
Could - bisa/dapat di . . . . . .(sopan)
E.g. : a. This problem can be solved in 3 ways.
b. This work may / must be done at home.
2. PAST
Was
+ V3 : di . . . . . . (lampau)
Were
Sama dengan bentuk active dalam Present Tense, kalimat dengan bentuk
passive dalam Past Tense hanya diubah Verb atau is/am/are-nya ke
bentuk Past.
TRANSLATION :
1. Mobil tua itu tak dapat direparasi.
2. Para pengunjung akan dijemput di stasiun.
3. Pelajaran ini seharusnya telah diterangkan minggu yang lalu.
4. Haruskah semua jawaban-jawaban ditulis dengan tinta ?
5. Rumah siapa yang sedang dicat itu ?
6. Semua pertanyaan-pertanyaan telah dijawab dengan benar.
7. Pencopet itu tertangkap basah kemudian dibawa kekantor polisi.
8. Ia telah didakwa apa ?
9. Kata orang Hadi akan dipecat dari kantornya karena ia telah terlibat dalam korupsi.
10. Pelajaran Inggris tersebut dulu diberikan tiga kali seminggu.
hal. 21
11. Hadi tentunya telah dibawa ke rumah sakit.
12. Saya telah diminta untuk mengajar bahasa Inggris.
13. Ia harus diopname dengan segera sebab ia harus dioperasi.
14. Dimana kau dijemput kemarin ?
15. Hadi dihukum oleh gurunya kemarin karena ia datang terlambat.
16. Kapan tes Inggris itu akan diadakan ?
17. Ia telah dinasehati supaya belajar bahasa Inggris dengan baik.
18. Pertemuan itu seharusnya diadakan kemarin tapi dibatalkan karena ketuanya sakit.
19. Kamar ini dicuci tadi pagi, tapi sudah kotor lagi sekarang.
20. Saya dahulu dijemput tiap hari.
21. Soal ini akan dibicarakan dalam pertemuan yang akan datang.
22. Siti diberi sebuah sepeda baru pada hari ulang tahunnya yang lalu.
23. Kau akan ditertawakan jika kau menangis dimuka umum.
24. Mr. X telah menjadi ketua dari Club kita.
25. Bahasa Inggris diajarkan di seluruh dunia.
26. Lamarannya telah ditolak.
27. Kapan Mr. X akan dibawa ke pengadilan ?
28. Sepedanya tentunya dicuri ketika ia berada di dalam toko tadi.
29. Kamar ini telah dihiasi indah sekali.
30. Pekerjaan rumahmu seharusnya telah diserahkan kemarin.
hal. 22
LESSON VIII - Preparatory “It”
PREPARATORY “IT”
Semua kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris dapat diklasifkasikan dalam dua hal:
I. Action
He – gave – a book – to me
He – is sleeping
II. Complement A = B
(dalam bahasa Inggris, jika B bukan kata kerja)
A = seorang guru
A = teacher --→ A is a teacher.
A = malas --→ A is lazy
hal. 23
c. Speaking English is difficult.
A = B
- Jika A dalam bentuk “ing” form, rumusnya menjadi :
It = B A . . . . . . It’s difficult speaking English.
Tidak cukup hanya mengetahui rumus-rmusnya di atas, lebih praktis jika anda
mempelajari ungkapan-ungkapan pembuka sebagai berikut:
hal. 24
20. It’s a matter of course that . . . . . .
It stands to reason that . . . . . .
(sudah selayaknya bahwa . . . . . .)
21. It depends on . . . . . . whether . . . . . .
It is dependent on . . . . . . whether . . . . . .
(tergantung pada . . . . . .apakah . . . . . .)
22. It’s a pity that . . . . . . (sayang bahwa . . . . . .)
hal. 25
LESSON IX - Relative Pronouns (Yang)
1. The man who / that can’t swim will go to Mecca next month.
2. The teacher who / that is teaching is Mr. Andreas.
3. Hadi who / that was promoted last year is my good friend.
D. Whose - digunakan untuk milik dan dalam hal ini TIDAK dapat diganti
dengan “That”
1. Do you still remember the person . . . . . . you have sold your bike to?
2. The old gentleman . . . . . . is talking with my father over there is my English teacher.
3. Anyone . . . . . . knows much about the accident is kindly asked to communicate with the
police.
4. In his last expedition he often met wide rivers . . . . . . Were almost unaffordable.
5. That’s the man . . . . . . daughter Hadi is going to marry.
hal. 26
6. The sick man for . . . . . . make you are doing all this work ought to be very thankful to
you.
7. The meat . . . . . . we had for lunch was soft and delicious.
8. This is the room . . . . . . I had my first English lesson.
9. He often makes proposals . . . . . .are impossible to carry out.
10. I’m sure that the letter . . . . . . I sent to my fiancée yesterday will have reached her by
the end of the monthl.
11. he one . . . . . . was driving the car break neck speed this after noon must have been
drunk.
12. The dance performance . . . . . .was held by the X association last week was very
successful.
13. The first thing . . . . .. I have to do after I wake up in the morning is to take a bath.
14. The last film . . . . . . I saw was a tragedy.
15. I can’t get on well with anyone . . . . . . talks too much.
16. One of the main points . . . . . . will be discussed in the next meeting is how to get more
members.
17. He is the best teacher . . . . . . I have never had before.
18. Is this the book . . . . . . you are looking for ?
19. This is the most beautiful picture . . . . . . I have ever seen.
20. All the English teacher . . . . . . I know have the same opinion that the drill-system of
teaching English is the best.
21. This is one of the most complicated problem . . . . . . I have to solve right now.
hal. 27
LESSON X - Ing Form dan Gerund
C. Fungsi benda
(mesin cuci , mesin fax , mesin jahit , buku tulis)
- Washing Machine , Answering Machine , Writing Book , Drilling Machine)
enjoy , like , dislike . love , hate , start , finish , begin , stop . remember , forget ,
continue , understand , keep / on , practice , observe , imagine, find , catch ,
postpone, avoid , mind (termasuk Panca Indra /verb of sense – see , smell , hear,
feel , watch)
hal. 28
LESSON XI Perbandingan
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
ADJECTIVE
I. Adjectives dengan satu suku kata/syllable
I II III
/--------/ /-------------/ er the/----------/est
-The nicest
-The slowest
II. Adjective s dengan dua suku kata/syllable atau lebih
I II III
/------/ /------/ more /----/ /----/ the most /-----/ /-----/
/------/ /------/ /-----/ more /----/ /----/ /----/ the most /----/ /----/ /----/
-rapid -more rapid -the most rapid
-beautiful -more beautiful -the most beautiful
IRREGULAR
A. I II III
-good -better the -best
-bad -worse -worst
-ill -worse -worst
-little -less -least
-much -more -most
-many -more -most
-old -older -oldest
(hubungan
elder -eldest
keluarga)
-farther -farthest
far
-further -furthest
(jarak)
(lebih lanjut)
d. er erer erest
-clever -cleverer the -cleverest
e. ow ower owest
-narrow -narrower the -narrowest
III. a. . . . . er
than : lebih . . . . . . daripada . . . . . .
more . . . .
E.g. : a. She is more beautiful than her sister.
b. He is taller than I.
c. He is more selfish than Hadi.
more . . .
b. much /far (sedikit – a little) than = jauh lebih . . . . . . daripada . . . . . .
. . . . er
E.g. : a. Your English is much better than mine.
b. This little more complicated than that.
c. He is much handsomer than his brother.
. . . . . est
IV. The (Singular) yang ter . . . . . .
most. . . . .
. . . . . est
V. one of . . . . the (plural) = Salah satu diantara yang ter . . . . . .
most. . . .
E.g. : a. He is one of the most diligent student of the class.
b. This is one of the best school in Yogyakarta.
c. She is one of the prettiest Indonesia actresses.
hal. 30
VI. not less/more . . . .than tak kalah . . . . . . daripada
E.g. : a. This problem is not less difficult to solve than that one.
b. She is not less diligent than you.
c. Indonesian grammar is not less complicated than English.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .er
VII. to get more and more . . . . = makin lama makin . . . . . .
(usually in “ing” form)
E.g. : a. The lesson is getting more and more difficult.
b. You are getting lazier and lazier.
c. Your English is getting better and better.
E.g. : a. The more difficult to get (sugar is), the more expensive (it is).
b.The more educated you are, the easier it will be for you to get job.
ADVERB :
I. Adverb of one syllable
I II III
/--------/ /-------------/ er the/----------/est
-hard -harder -the hardest
-late -later -the latest
IRREGULAR
-well -better -best
-much -more -most
-little -less -least
hal. 31
Ubahlah kata-kata dalam kurung ke bentuk yang benar !
hal. 32
LESSON XII - Pengandaian
I. CONDITION (syarat)
A. If S + V S will/shall + V
(jika . . . . . maka . . . . akan . . . . . .)
E.g. : a. If I have much money, I will/shall go to Bali Island.
b. If the weather is fine tonight, I will/shall take a walk.
c. If you come late, you’ll be punished.
d. If you are lazy, you won’t pass in your exams
If + S + should
B. would + Verb; (perandaiannya, untuk yang akan datang)
Were +S + to
- Seandainya (akan datang) . . . . . . akan . . . . . .
E.g. : a. If I should meet him tomorrow, I would tell him about this problem.
b. If he should come late, we might leave him behind.
c. If he should beat me, he would be very popular.
should have
C. If S had V3 = (perandaian, untuk lampau)
would have
E.g. : a. If he hadn’t been lazy, he would have passed in the exam.
(but he was lazy so he didn’t pass)
b. If you hadn’t come late, you wouldn’t have been punished.
(but you come late so you were punished)
c. If you had come here yesterday, you would have met me.
(but you didn’t come so you didn’t meet me)
Translation :
1. Andaikata saya tidak sibuk, saya menghadiri pertemuan tadi malam.
2. Andaikata saya tidak sibuk, saya akan pergi berjalan-jalan sekarang.
3. Saya akan pergi berjalan-jalan nanti malam jika saya tidak sibuk.
4. Andaikata ia berada disini (sekarang), ia akan dapat menolong .
hal. 33
5. Kau tidak akan berhasil dalam ujianmu yang akan datang jika kau tidak belajar dengan
baik.
6. Kami tidak akan ketinggalan kereta andaikata mobil kami tidak rusak dijalan.
7. Andaikata saya adalah dia, saya akan pergi ke dokter sekarang juga.
8. Saya yakin dia tidak akan marah padamu jika kau datang kepadanya untuk minta maaf.
9. Saya yakin ia tidak akan marah padamu andaikata kau datang kepadanya untuk minta
maaf.
10. Andaikata saya tahu bahwa test Inggrisnya sukar, saya membolos kemarin.
11. Saya akan nonton bioskop nanti malam jika cuaca baik.
12. Andaikata kau datang awal, kau mendapat tempat duduk yang baik.
13. Saya akan berteriak jika kau tidak mematikan radio itu.
14. Andaikata kau menurut nasehat saya, kau tidak akan mendapat kesukaran.
15. Kau harus cepat jika tidak ingin terlambat.
16. Saya tidak akan kehilangan uang saya andaikata saya tidak pergi kepasar tadi pagi.
17. Ia tidak akan dipecat andaikan tidak tersangkut dalam korupsi. (terlanjur)
18. Andaikata saya kaya (sekarang), saya akan menyuruh membangun sebuah villa di
Kaliurang.
19. Ia tidak akan kecewa andaikata kau menepati janjimu (terlanjur).
20. Ia akan kecewa jika kau melanggar janjimu.
21. Mereka tidak akan bertengkar andaikata tidak ada salah faham (terlanjur).
22. Saya mau membeli sepedamu jika saya boleh membayar dengan mengangsur.
23. Andaikata kau datang kemari tadi pagi, kau berjumpa Siti.
24. Saya akan menolongmu andaikata saya tahu jawabnya(sekarang).
25. Jika kau baca buku ini dengan seksama, saya yakin kau akan mengerti isinya.
26. Andaikata ia tidak membutuhkan banyak uang, ia tidak akan menjual satu-satunya
sepedanya. (terlanjur)
27. Andaikata saya tahu bahwa kau sakit, saya menengokmu kemarin.
28. Andaikata saya pandai berbahasa Inggris, saya akan menjadi guru bahasa Inggris.
29. Kau boleh pinjam sepeda saya jika kau mengembalikannya nanti sore.
30. Andaikata saya tidak sibuk, telah saya kerjakan pekerjaan rumah saya tadi malam.
hal. 34
LESSON XIII - Concepts
CONCEPTS
A. CAUSE / REASON
6. The cause of
“gerund” . . . . is / was that . . . . . .
The reason for
E.g. : a. The cause of the accident was that the driver was sleepy.
b. The reason for my being absent
was that I was ill.
The reason for absence
hal. 35
7. Diambil bentuk “ing”- nya
E.g. : a. He was absent because he was ill.
He was absent, being ill.
b. He was absent because his father was ill.
He was absent, his father being ill.
c. Because he didn’t know how to solve the problem, he asked his father.
Not knowing how to solve the problem, he asked his father.
Note : style 7 is seldom used is conversation
B. PURPOSE (tujuan)
1. . . . . . . so that . . . . . . . . . . clause
in order that (= agar supaya)
E.g. : a. I shall learn hard so that I shall / may / can pass in my exam
b. We put up a fence so that our neighbor’s dog might / should / could not come
into our home
c. I shall be very diligent so that my parents will / may / can be satisfied
2. . . . . . . .so as to . . . . . . Verb . . . . . .
In order to
C. RESULT (akibat)
hal. 36
3. . . . . . . Such . . . . . ... noun (N) . . . . . . That . . . . . ..
E.g. : a. She is such an arrogant girl that nobody likes her
b. I got such difficult question that I didn’t pass
c. He is such a good driver that he has never met with any accident
4. . . . . . . so many
noun (N) that . . . . . .
such
E.g. : a. He has so many children that it’s hard for his family to live on his salary
b. He has earned so much money that he liver prodigally now
c. There are so many students in my class that I have to speak aloud so that all
my students may hear me
5. . . . . . .. So (that) . . . . . .
1. . . . . . . that . . . . . . should . . . . . . ?
E.g. : a. Am I stupid that I should believe such a story ?
(bodohkah saya sehingga saya harus percaya cerita semacam itu?)
b. Is my brother your servant that you should treat him like that ?
c. Am I his father that I should finance his education ?
E. T I M E
2. Ing . . . . . .
E.g. : a. When he came home, he found that his dog had died.
When//on coming home, he found that his dog had died.
b. He went to school before he took breakfast.
He went to school before taking breakfast.
Note : - I’ll never stop loving you until I die.
I’ll never stop loving you until dying. (salah)
hal. 37
F. CONCESSION
E.g. : a. The rain was crowded, but I managed to get a seat though.
b. He is rich, but he lives economically though.
c. I came late, but I was not punished, though.
3. . . . . . . Notwithstanding
In spite of noun (N)
Despite
G. CONTRAST
. . . . . . whereas (sedangkan) / while
E.g. : a. He is diligent whereas his brother is stupid
b. She is kind and gentle whereas her mother is arrogant
1. It was because . . . . . . that . . . . . .
2. I am learning hard so as to . . . . . .
3. Though he has been ill for a long time . . . . . .
4. The reason why . . . . . . was that . . . . . .
5. I shall take my raincoat for fear that . . . . . .
6. The pickpocket hid behind the tress so that . . . . . .
7. He has a bike, but . . . . . . though
8. The cause of his failure in the exam was that . . . . . .
9. I shall come in spite of . . . . . .
10. It was due to . . . . . . that . . . . . .
11. My head-ache was so terrible yesterday that . . . . . .
12. Am I rich that . . . . . . ?
13. He wasn’t successful in his exam in spite of the fact that . . . . . .
14. He loves his guitar so much that . . . . . .
15. His parent were very much disappointed for . . . . . .
16. He is such a good teacher that . . . . . .
17. The reason for . . . . . . was that . . . . . .
18. The questions of the test were so difficult that . . . . . .
19. Hadi will be hospitalized in order to . . . . . .
20. I am not your servant that . . . . . .
21. Your neighbors must have been annoyed because . . . . . .
hal. 38
22. When the light went out last night me . . . . . .
23. Would you please speak slowly so that . . . . . . ?
24. There were so many problem to solve in the last meeting that . . . . . .
25. Now that it’s raining . . . . . .
26. He has often broken his promises, so (that) . . . . . .
27. It was because of . . . . . . That . . . . . .
28. I shall be absent tomorrow because . . . . . .
29. Though he is rich . . . . . .
30. I shall practice my English every day so that . . . . . .
hal. 39
LESSON XIV - Adjectives
ADJECTIVES
A. HUMAN CHARACTER
B. WEATHER
1. Cold = dingin
2. Fresh = cool = segar
3. Warm = hangat
4. Hot = panas
5. Windy = berangin
6. Cloudy = mendung
7. Foggy = berkabut
to rain = hujan
to drizzle = gerimis
- It’s raining hard.
- It’s raining cats and dogs. = hujan lebat
- It’s pouring.
hal. 40
to take shelter = berteduh
- Let’s take shelter.
- It looks like rain = kelihatannya akan hujan.
C. TASTE
1. Sweet = manis
2. Sour = masam
3. Salted / salty = asin
4. Bitter = pahit / getir
5. Hot = pedas
6. Nice/ delicious/tasty = enak
7. Tasteless/bland = tawar
8. Fishy = amis / berikan
9. Fatty = berlemak
10. Burnt = gosong
D. PHYSICAL CONDITION
1. handsome = ganteng x ugly
2. pretty/ beautiful/
= cantik x ugly
sweet/ cute
3. tall = tinggi x short
4. thin = kurus x fat
5. tough = tegap
6. slim / slender = langsing x fat
7. graceful = lemah gemulai x clumsy/awkward
8. charming = menarik hati
E. PRICE
hal. 41
LESSON XV - Electricity And Cinema
B. CINEMA
A : Let’s go to the movie, OK ?
B : What cinema shall we go to ?
A : The “21 Cinema”.
B : What’s on there ?
A : “The Titanic”. It’s very romantic, you see.
B : OK then. You’d better book the tickets in advance. I’m sure it will be crowded.
A : All right. What performance do you prefer ?
B : The second if you don’t mind.
A : Not at all – I’ll pick you up, little before 7, allright ?
B : OK. I’ll be waiting for you. Good bye.
A : Bye. Be seeing you tonight.
1. to be on = diputar / dipertunjukkan
- How long has “The Titanic” been on at the “Roxy” ?
2. then = a. kemudian
b. pada saat itu
c. kalau begitu
hal. 42
3. had better (sebaiknya)
+ verb without to
would rather (lebih suka)
7. to queue up for . . . . .
= mengantri . . . . . .
to line up for . . . . . .
A : Please wait here! I’ll queue up for the tickets.
B : It’s very long. We’d better buy them from a black marketer.
hal. 43
LESSON XVI - Education, Court And Crime
A. EDUCATION
1. to educate = mendidik
to bring up = membesarkan
- Where were you brought up ?
2. kindergarden = nursery school = taman kanak-kanak
Elementary school . . . . .
= sekolah dasar
Primary school . . . . . .
Grade = kelas
A : What school does your eldest son attend ?
B : He attends the X Elementary school.
A : What grade is he in ?
B : The second.
3. Secondary school . . . . .
= setingkat SMP
Junior High School . . . . ..
hal. 44
7. to be expelled from school = dikeluarkan dari sekolah
- He has been expelled from school.
8. to be punished = dihukum
- I was punished because I came late.
9. to matriculate = menerima siswa masuk perguruan tinggi setelah lulus ujian masuk.
- He was not matriculate to Malang State University because he failed in the
matriculate.
10. to pass with honours = lulus dengan pujian
- He has passed with honors in English grammar.
hal. 45
4. judge = hakim attorney – general = jaksa agung
witness = saksi defense counsel = pembela
prosecutor = jaksa the accused = terdakwa
10. CRIMES
hal. 46
LESSON XVII - Diseases And Clothes
1. VOCABULARY
hal. 47
11. He is suffering from flu
He is got flu (informal) = Ia kena flu
He is down with flu.
12. She’s suffering from malaria, that’s why she is confined to her room (dilarang
meninggalkan kamar karena sakit).
13. What’s the matter with me, doc ?
Well, you are just run down (sakit karena terlalu lelah).
14. I have just cut my finger, it’s bleeding (berdarah) now.
CLOTHES
I. VOCABULARY
1. shoes = sepatu 26. pajamas = piyama
2. high/low-heeled = sepatu hak 27. belt = ikat pinggang
shoes tinggi/rendah
3. sandals = sandalet 28. buckle = gesper
4. slippers = selop 29. collar = kerah
5. socks = kaus kaki pendek 30. necktie = dasi
6. stockings = kaus kaki panjang 31. lace = renda
7. shoe-lace = tali sepatu 32. cuff-links = manset
8. costume = kostum 33. bath-robe = kimono
9. overall = pakaian kerja 34. handkerchief = saputangan
10. uniform = pakaian seragam 35. ribbon = pita
11. skirt = rok bawah 36. shawl = shaal
12. blouse = blus 37. pleat = lipatan
13. trousers = celana panjang 38. rumple = kisut
14. shorts = celana pendek 39. ruffle = rimpel
15. shirt = kemeja 40. gloves = sarung tangan
16. coat = jas 41. to iron = menyetrika
17. raincoat/ = jas hujan 42. to embroider = embroider
mackintosh
18. underwear = pakaian dalam 43. to sew = menjahit
19. undershirt = kaos dalam 44. to knit = breien
20. underpants = celana dalam 45. to darn = menisik
21. underskirt = anderrok 46. to patch = menambal
22. brassiere = b.h 47. to starch = menganji
23. bathing-costume/ = pakaian renang 48. to take in = mengecilkan
suit
24. petticoat = sejenis anderrok 49. to let out = membesarkan
25. panties = celana dalam wanita / 50. to alter = merombak/
kanak-kanak mengubah
hal. 48
II. SHOPPING
A : May I see that blouse ?
W : Of course, madam. Here you are.
A : I like the cut of it, but I’m not sure whether it fits me.
W : Well, you may try it on.
A : Where’s the fit-room ?
W : This way, please.
(back from the fit-room)
W : Does it fit you fine, madam ?
A : Yes, it does. How much is it ?
W : It’s Rp. 300,000,-
A : How expensive !
W : I think it’s reasonable for such a nice blouse.
It’s durable and becoming to you.
A : Well, all right. I’ll take this one.
W : Anything else ?
A : No, that’s all for today.
W= waiter.
hal. 49
LESSON XVIII - Invitation, Information And Announcement
To
Mr. Abdullah
On Sunday, the tenth of January
One thousand nine hundred and sixty-five
At twelve o’clock
At “Toko Oen” restaurant
R.S.V.P
Yogyakarta.
2. LETTERS OF INFORMATION
Dear ...........
We have the pleasure to inform you that you passed the
Advanced English Examination which was held on the first
of December, 2016.
The certificate will be sent to you immediately.
to inform you
b. We are sorry
to tell you that . . . . . .
We regret
to let you know
hal. 50
Dear Mr. A.
I’m sorry to let you know that I shall not be able to attend your
lesson next Friday because I shall go to Jakarta.
With best regards.
Sincerely yours
ANNOUNCEMENT
hal. 51
LESSON XIX - Verbs
VERBS
A. TO LOOK
1. to look = kelihatannya
- How do I look ?
2. to look at = melihat
- May I look at your photo ?
3. to look forward to = mengharap-harapkan
- I’m looking forward to seeing you again.
4. to look like = to resemble = to take after = mirip
- Who do you look like ?
5. to look for = mencari
- I’ve been looking for my dictionary since this morning.
6. to look down on = to despise = memandang rendah
- Don’t look down on the poor !
7. to look up to = to respect = memandang tinggi
- You should look up to your parents.
8. to look after = to take care of = merawat / menjaga
- I’m sorry I can’t go now because I have to look after my sick daughter.
9. to have a look at = to see = melihat dengan teliti
- May I have a look at the bicycle ?
10. to look upon = to regard = to consider = menganggap
- He looks upon me as his own brother.
11. to overlook = kelewatan
- I thought I had marked all your home-work exercises, in fact I overlook One
B. TO GIVE
1. to give one’s word = to give one’s promise = memberi janji
- He has given me his word that he’ll find me a job.
2. to give someone a piece of one’s mind = mencaci maki
- I lost my temper yesterday, and I give him a piece of my mind.
hal. 52
7. to give way = to break = patah / tak kuat
- The rope has given way.
8. to give rise to = membangkitkan
- The increase in prices gives rise to crime.
C. TO COME
1. to come to a decision = mencapai keputusan
- I haven’t come to any decision yet.
2. to come true = menjadi kenyataan
- I hope your dream will come true.
3. to come off = terlepas
- The handle of the door has come off. I’ll have it repaired.
4. to come to . . . . . . = mencapai
- Does his income come to Rp. 1.000.000,- a month ?
5. to come across = to meet / find by change
- I come across his uncle last week.
6. to come in handy (useful) = kebetulan terpakai
- Don’t throw it away ! It may come in handy.
7. to come at = to attack = menyerang
- Look out ! The dog is coming at us.
8. to come to the end of . . . . . . = kehabisan
- I have come to the end of my money. I’m broke.
9. to come to = to come round = to come to one’s senses
to come to oneself = siuman
- Is he still unconscious or has he come round ?
10. to come out = terbit
- What day does “Minggu Pagi” come out ?
11. to come up/down in price = naik / turun harganya
- Clothes have come up in price lately.
12. to come up to = setingkat dengan
- His composition didn’t come up to my expectation
13. to come up with, to catch up with, to overtake = mengkuti / membuntuti
- Do you think that we can come up with that car ?
14. to come into effect (force) = berlaku
- The new regulation will come into effect from the first January.
15. to come of age = mencapai akil baligh
- Has she come of age ?
16. to come to blows = to begin to fight
D. TO BRING
1. to bring up = membesarkan
- I was brought up to believe in god.
2. to bring to trial = membawa kepengadilan
- He was brought to trial because he had been accused corruption.
3. to bring the house down = mendapat sambutan hangat
- The concert brought the house down.
hal. 53
4. to bring on = to cause = menyebabkan
- His illness was brought on by poor feeding.
5. to bring round = menyebabkan siuman
- She fainted because of the heat of the room, the fresh air outside brought her
round.
6. to bring about = menyebabkan terjadinya
- It seems that misunderstanding has brought about the quarrel.
7. to bring someone to one’s senses = membuat seseorang mengerti akan hal-hal yang
baik
- It’s difficult to bring him back to his senses.
E. TO BREAK
1. to break out = pecah (war or rebellion)
- What year did the second word war break out ?
2. to break one’s promise x to keep one’s promise
- You may never break your promise.
3. to be broken in mind and body = rusak jiwa raganya
- He is broken in mind and body.
4. to be broke = to have no money
- I’m broke now. I’ve spent all my money.
5. to break out + ing = to break into + noun = sekonyong-konyong
- He broke out laughing .
- He broke into laughter.
6. to break up = mulai libur
- When do you think our school will break up ?
F. TO TAKE
1. To take = to rent = menyewa
- He has just taken a house in Yogyakarta.
2. to take notes on . . . . . . = membuat catatan-catatan . . . . . .
- You should take notes on your lesson .
3. to take a photograph = memotret
- He has taken some nice photographs in Bali.
4. to take after = to look like
- He takes after his father.
5. take = menganggap
- He often takes me for Hadi.
6. to take in = mengecilkan (clothes) x to let out
- My shirt is too large. I’ll have it taken in a little.
7. to take over = mengambil alih
- The X factory has been taken over by our Government.
8. take out = membawa pergi keluar
- Did he take you out last Sunday.
9. to take place = terjadi / diadakan
- The meeting took place at our school, Mr. A took the chair.
10. to take someone in hand = to control
- he is very naughty. Can you take him in hand ?
hal. 54
11. to take part in = to participate in = ikut ambil bagian
- He has never taken part in a match.
12. to overtake = to catch up with
- Let’s walk slowly so that the others may overtake us soon.
13. to take care of = to look after
- Don’t worry about me ! I can take care of myself.
14. to take notice of = to pay attention to
- Don’t take notice of what he said .
15. to take / have no pity on = tak menaruh belas kasihan
- He takes no pity on the poor
16. to take = memakan (waktu)
- It takes a long time to aster the English language.
17. to take up arms = angkat senjata
- We shall take up arms against any colonialism.
18. to take the chair = to preside = mengetuai
- Who will preside at the next meeting.
19. to take a back seat = menduduki jabatan yang tidak jelas
- It’s better not to have any position in that office at all than to take a back seat.
20. to be taken aback = surprised / astonished = tercengang
- I was taken aback at the news that Hadi had passed away.
21. to take back = withdraw = menarik kembali
- The chairman advised him to take back his word.
22. to take down = write down
- The secretary took down his speech in short hand.
23. to take off : a. menanggalkan x to put on
b. mulai terbang
c. menirukan seseorang untuk lelucon
- a. Take your hat off
- b. It wasn’t until after the for disappeared that the plane took off
- c. Can you take off Mr. A ?
G. TO TURN
1. to turn to the left / right = belok kiri / kanan
- We should have turned to the left at the previous cross road.
2. to turn a honest penny = cari uang dengan halal
- He is poor indeed, but no turn an honest penny.
3. a turn-coat = seorang bermuka dua
- I don’t like him because he is a turn-coat.
4. to turn out = ternyata
- I thought he was lazy, but he turns out diligent.
hal. 55
5. to turn over a new leaf = to start a new life
- He has been lazy, but now he wants to turn over a new leaf.
6. to turn something in one’s mind
to take something into account = mempertimbangkan
to take something into consideration
- Has he turned my proposal over in his mind ?
7. to turn one’s nose up at . . . . . . = to despise
- Don’t turn your nose up at it !. It’s delicious.
8. to take turns = saling bergantian
- Jane and I take turns cleaning our room.
9. to turn up = muncul
- Why didn’t you turn up last night ?
10. turn = giliran
- Whose turn is it ?
H. TO GO
1. to go for a walk (a swim / a ride etc) = purge jalan-jalan, dll
- I’ll be going for a walk to night.
2. to go (out) shooting /hunting/ fishing etc = pergi menembak
- With whom did you go shooting last night ?
3. to go shopping = pergi belanja
- I was going shopping when I met her.
4. to go along with = to accompany = menemani
- Would you like to go along with me to Solo ?
5. to go in for = to sit for . . . . . .= to take = menempuh
- When did he go in for the English test ?
6. to go off = a. meletus
b. berlangsung
c. melarikan diri
- a. The gun went off by accident
- b. How did the play go off ? It went off very well
- c. He has gone off with my bicycle.
7. to go on = a. to continue
b. berlalu (to pass)
c. terjadi (to happen)
- a. May I go on with my work ?
- b. Time seems to go on quickly
- c. What is going on here ?
I. TO DO
1. to do one’s best = to do one’s utmost = to everything in one’s power
= berusaha sebaik mungkin
- I’ll do my best to help you.
hal. 56
2. to do one’s worst = berbuat apapun
- Do you worst !. I’m not afraid of you.
3. to do one’s duty / bit = menjalankan tugas
- You should do your duty as well as possible.
4. to do wonders = memberi hasil yang menakjubkan
- This medicine will do wonders for your cough
5. to be done for = rusak / hancur
- My shoes are done for (worn out)
6. to have something to do with = a. berurusan
b. bersangkut paut
- a. I don’t like to have anything to do with him
- b. It has nothing to do with you.
7. to have done with . . . . . .. = sudah selesai dengan . . . . . .
- Have you done with this book ?
8. can’t do without = tak dapat hidup tanpa
- He can’t do without smoking.
9. to do away with = to destroy = menghancurkan/melenyapkan
- Who did away with slavery in the U.S.A ?
10. to do well / right (bertindak benar) x to do wrong
- Did I do well to accept his proposal ?
J. TO MAKE
1. to make mistake = membuat kesalahan – kesalahan
- You wouldn’t have made so many mistakes if you had learnt well.
2. to make the bad = mengatur tempat tidur
- You should make the bad after you get up.
3. to make hay of . . . . . . = to make a mess of . . . . . . = membuat
menjadi kacau
- You have made a mess of my plan.
4. to make do with . . . . . . = a. terpaksa dipuas – puaskan
b. mencukupkan
- a. I have to make do with my old bike because I can’t afford a new one
- b. I have to make do with my salary.
5. to make the best (the most) of . . . . . . = menggunakan dengan
sebaik-baiknya
- You should make the best of your monthly allowance.
6. to make no difference to = to be all the same to
- It makes no difference to me whether he will do it or not.
7. to make believe = to pretend = berpura-pura
- He made believe that he was ill.
hal. 57
8. to make certain (sure) = meyakinkan
- You’d better go to the station to make certain that the train for Semarang departs at
6.
9. to make up for lost time = mengejar ketinggalan waktu
- If you don’t make your lost time, you’ll never be able to follow the lesson.
10. make up one’s mind = to decide = memutuskan
- I’ve made up my mind to learn English well
hal. 58
LESSON XX - Preposition
PREPOSITION
hal. 61
B. PREPOSITIONS AFTER ADJECTIVES
1. absent (from) . . . . . . = absen
- Why have you often been absent from school lately ?
2. absorbed in = tenggelam dalam / asyik
- He is very much absorbed in reading a detective story.
3. be accustomed to, be used to = biasa dengan
- He is not accustomed to hot weather.
4. angry with (person), furious with (person) = marah
- You shouldn’t have been angry with me.
5. angry at (thing), furious at (thing) = marah.
- He is angry at his poor car.
6. annoyed with (person) , annoyed at (thing) = jengkel
- He was so annoyed with bob that he wouldn’t even look at him.
7. anxious about . . . . . . = risau
- Don’t be anxious about his health. He is all right.
8. ashamed of = malu . . . . . .
- You should be ashamed of yourself.
9. astonished/surprised/amazed/taken aback at = tercengang
- I was surprised at the news that his team had been beaten.
10. attached to = very much in love with
- He is attached to that charming lady.
11. afraid of = takut pada
- What are you afraid of ?
12. aware of = insaf akan = to know = to realize
- A good solder will always do his duty though he is aware of the danger.
13. blind to = buta terhadap
- Some parents are blind to their children’s faults.
14. charmed/delighted/pleased with = senang dengan
- I was charmed with your children.
15. concerned about = khawatir
- We are all concerned about his life.
16. confined to the room = tak boleh meninggalkan kamar karena sakit
- I’m sorry, but you are confined to your room.
17. conspicuous for . . . . . . = menarik perhatian
- She is conspicuous for her clothes.
18. comparable to . . . . . . = sebanding dengan
- It’s difficult to fined a good teacher (who is) comparable to him.
19. indebted to . . . . . . for = hutang (pada)
- We are indebted to you for your kindness.
hal. 62
20. independent of x dependent on . . . . . .
- We must be independent of foreign aids, if we want to be able to stand on our own
feet.
21. indifferent to = acuh tak acuh
- We shouldn’t be indifferent to the suffering of our people.
22. interested in = tertarik
- Are you interested in learning english.
23. particular about = fastidious about = rewel
- He is very particular about food and clothes.
24. proud of . . . . . . = bangga
- You may be proud of your work, it’s excellent.
25. qualified1 for . . . . . . = berwenang / berwewenang
- He is qualified for an sma teacher.
26. shocked at = sangat terkejut
- He was shocked at the terrible accident.
27. similar to = sejenis/mirip dengan
- English is similar to American.
hal. 63
Rangkuman
ME DI
is
1. S am V is Di
are 6. S am V3
are
is sedang
2. S
am
are
V ing sudah Di, belum Di
7. S have/has been V3
sudah, telah, belum