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Menteri Pertahanan
Ditahun 2019 kami kembali menyapa para pembaca WIRA melalui Edisi Jenderal TNI (Purn) Ryamizard
Ryacudu
Kedua bulan Maret-April 2019. Edisi perdana WIRA Volume II tahun 2019
ini menampilkan design yang baru dan lebih menarik. Sekjen Kemhan
Laksdya TNI Agus Setiadji, S.AP, M.A
Selain itu dalam edisi ini tim redaksi juga mengetengahkan beberapa
artikel, diantaranya : Sinergitas Aktualisasi Bela Negara Dan Kearifan Lokal Pemimpin Umum:
dalam Membangun Indonesia Unggul; Pembangunan SDM Pertahanan
Kapuskom Publik Kemhan
Negara dalam Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 (Perspektif Peluang
Brigjen TNI Totok Sugiharto, S. Sos.
dan Tantangan); Pancasila: Sinergisitas Membangun Ekonomi Yang
Berkelanjutan; dan Potensi Manusia dalam Manajemen Pertahanan Pemimpin Redaksi:
(Human Capital in Defense Management); serta beberapa Berita Pertahanan.
Kabid Kermainfo Puskompublik
Untuk memperkaya artikel majalah WIRA ini, kami senantiasa Kol Laut (P) Hadi Prayitno
mengharapkan partisipasi pembaca untuk mengirimkan tulisan, baik
Redaksi:
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jaringan online di laman www.kemhan.go.id. Kapten Cku Lindu Baliyanto
Desain Grafis:
Foto:
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Telp. 021-3829151, Fax. 3452457
BERITA PERTAHANAN
T
Kasubbaglog Baglog dan Rumga Roum Unhan
Tujuan nasional yang dirumuskan akan berjalan apabila ada jaminan semangat gotong royong dan
dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang stabilitas nasional, dimana aspek mengedepankan kearifan lokal
Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia pertahanan Negara merupakan salah seperti yang perlu mengembangkan
Tahun 1945, yaitu melindungi satu aspek yang cukup dominan. inovasi yang berasal dari dalam
segenap bangsa Indonesia dan Pertahanan Negara merupakan fungsi negeri untuk memperkuat jati diri
seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, dalam menjamin kelangsungan bangsa.
memajukan kesejahteraan hidup dan pertahanan diri dari setiap
umum, mencerdaskan kehidupan ancaman baik yang datangnya dari Tiap-tiap warga negara berhak
bangsa, dan ikut melaksanakan luar maupun dalam negeri. Salah dan wajib ikut serta dalam usaha
ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan satu tugas penting Pemerintah pembelaan negara dan syarat-
kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi adalah memelihara keamanan syarat tentang pembelaan negara
dan keadilan sosial, diperlukan dan ketertiban dalam menjalankan diatur dengan undang-undang.
pembangunan di seluruh aspek kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, Kewajiban dan tanggung jawab
kehidupan nasional. Pembangunan dengan terus mengedepankan bela negara bukan hanya tugas
P
Pendahuluan membawa konsekuensi perubahan motor penggerak.
kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM)
Pertahanan Negara adalah segala serta berimplikasi terhadap perubahan Hal tersebut merupakan pergeseran
usaha untuk menegakkan kedaulatan standar yang sudah ada. Secara dan perubahan dari era revolusi 1.0
negara, mempertahankan keutuhan pararel dari sektor penyelenggaraan masuk menjadi era revolusi Industri
wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Pertahanan Negara saat menghadapi 2.0. Sedang di era revolusi Industri
Indonesia (NKRI), dan melindungi revolusi industri 4.0 harus juga diikuti 2.0 tumbuh berkembanganya
keselamatan segenap bangsa dari pembangunan kapabilitas SDM manufaktur dan produksi massal
ancaman dan gangguan terhadap Pertahanan Negara. sarana komunikasi berupa pesawat
keutuhan bangsa dan negara. telepon maupun sarana transportasi
Untuk diketahui bahwa Industrial berupa mobil, dan pesawat terbang.
Ancaman sendiri merupakan faktor Revolution 4.0 dicetuskan pertama
utama yang menjadi dasar dalam kali pada 2011 oleh Jerman, yang Perubahan berjalan kian cukup
penyusunan desain sistem pertahanan kemudian menjadi tema utama cepat sehingga terjadi yang dinamai
negara, baik yang bersifat aktual pada pertemuan World Economic dengan era revolusi Industri 3.0.
maupun potensial. Perkembangan Forum (WEF) 2016 di Davos, Swiss. Sebagai pertanda masuk era revolusi
lingkungan strategis maupun Beberapa negara yang telah memiliki Industri 3.0 adalah dengan tumbuh
prediksi ancaman yang dinamis dan program-program untuk mendukung dan berkembanganya industri berbasis
cepat berubah, serta penuh dengan industrinya menuju Industri 4.0 elektronika, teknologi informasi, serta
ketidakpastian melahirkan paradigma seperti Jerman, Inggris, Amerika otomatisasi. Disamping itu pada masa
berbagai ancaman baru. Serikat, China, India, Jepang, Korea, ini pula dunia teknologi digital dan
dan Vietnam. internet sudah mulai diperkenalkan.
Sementara itu perubahan yang
terjadi di era revolusi industri Revolusi Industri 1.0, terjadi Memasuki era revolusi Industri 4.0
4.0. merupakan perubahan yang dengan tumbuhnya mekanisasi saat yang menjadi tren di dunia adalah
sangat dramatis dan terjadi pada maupun energi berbasis uap dan air, adanya penggabungan tren teknologi
kecepatan eksponensial. Dengan arti yang ditandai dengan menggantikan otomatisasi dengan teknologi cyber
lain yaitu kecepatan peningkatan tenaga manusia dan hewan oleh yang mencakup sistem cyber fisik,
berupa persentase tetap terhadap tenaga mesin. Di era revolusi 1.0 ini Internet of Things (IoT), komputasi
keseluruhan pada suatu waktu telah meningkatkan perekonomian awan, dan komputasi kognitif. Tren
tertentu. Selain itu juga hal ini akan yang luar biasa, sementara perubahan pada era atau masa ini adalah adanya
menimbulkan berbagai peluang dan terus bergulir dengan munculnya dan otomatisasi dan pertukaran data,
potensi permasalahan yang akan berkembangnya energi listrik dan juga telah mengubah tata kehidupan
manusia, ekonomi, dunia kerja, Dalam konteks di atas, oleh aspirasi nasional geografis serta
bahkan gaya hidup. Revolusi Industri pertanyaannya adalah: apakah berdampak langsung/tidak langsung
4.0 telah bertransformasi memisahkan komponen Pertahanan Negara dalam terhadap sistem politik suatu
ruang sekat fisik dengan digital, hal ini komponen utama (prajurit TNI) Negara. Sedangkan Geostrategis
ruang sintesis dan organik, maupun khususnya sudah siap?, bagaimana adalah kebijakan pelaksanaan yang
daya berfikir eksploratif (berpikir meningkatkan maupun menyiapkan menentukan tujuan-tujuan dan
kreatif dan disposisi matematis) kapabilitas SDM komponen utama sarana serta cara penggunaan sarana
menjadi hiperbolis (melebih-lebihkan (prajurit TNI)?, dan strategi atau tersebut untuk mencapai tujuan-
kenyataan menjadi tidak masuk akal). kebijakan apa yang dilakukan dalam tujuan yang telah ditentukan dengan
menghadapi perubahan pada era memanfaatkan kondisi geografis
Kompleksitas permasalahan revolusi Industri 4.0?. suatu negara.
ancaman yang terjadi saat ini
memiliki sumbu dimensi penguasaan Realita dengan berbagai Revolusi industri gelombang
teknologi yang akan memegang permasalahan dan pertanyaan- keempat (4.0) ini merupakan
dan mempunyai peran kunci. pertanyaan tersebut, tentunya kelanjutan dan tentu tetap bertopang
Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut menjadikan suatu urgensi dan pada Revolusi Industri Ketiga (3.0).
dengan adanya Utilization (Utilisasi pemikiran dalam mewujudkan Kondisi tersebut, ditandai dengan
/ pemanfaatan dan penggunaan) pertahanan negara yang tangguh bersatunya beberapa teknologi,
ruang pertahanan seiring dengan dan kuat, sebagai usaha untuk sehingga kita melihat dan merasakan
berkembangnya otomatisasi industri menegakkan kedaulatan negara, suatu era baru terdiri atas 3 (tiga)
berimplikasi munculnya persenjataan mempertahankan keutuhan wilayah bidang ilmu yang independen, yaitu:
canggih (alutsista modern). Secara NKRI, dan melindungi keselamatan fisika, digital, dan biologi. Hal ini juga
tidak disadari maka otomatisasi segenap bangsa. ditandai dengan berkembangnya
permasalahan ancaman pertahanan Internet of/for Things yang
semakin multi demensi, kompleks, Peluang Dan Tantangan kehadirannya begitu cepat.
berubah-ubah dan tidak terduga.
Probabilitas (ukuran peluang Konsep Geopolitik dan Geostrategis Revolusi industri 4.0 akan
terjadinya suatu ancaman) dalam dalam kerangka NKRI karangan membawa banyak dampak perubahan
era revolusi industri pertahanan Prof. Dr. Ermaya Suradinata, SH. dengan segala konsekuensinya,
telah menjadikan suatu keniscayaan MS. MH. menyebutkan: Geopolitik yang dari sisi positif adalah adanya
lahirnya bentuk, sifat dan format adalah politik atau kebijaksanaan koneksitas sehingga terjadi tingkat
ancaman baru. dan strategi nasional yang didorong efektif dan efisien. Namun pada
Memasuki revolusi
industri 4.0 Indonesia,
Sumber:satelitberitacom
Sumber: jowonews.com
M
Merunut dalam sejarah, lahirnya yang sesungguhnya. Sosio Demokrasi: mengandung arti bahwa hidup
Pancasila dimulai pada saat pidato 1 menegaskan tegaknya keadilan tolong menolong dalam tradisi
Juni 1945 yang dikumandangkan oleh sosial sebagai syarat terciptanya masyarakat Indonesia, tidak hanya
Ir. Soekarno. Dalam pidato tersebut kesejahteraan sosial dan Ketuhanan merupakan wujud keterikatan
disampaikan usulan dasar Negara yang berkebudayaan: menegaskan sosial antar satu dengan yang lain,
Indonesia, yang berisikan lima dasar bahwa tidak boleh ada deskriminasi tetapi lebih dari itu memiliki makna
negara Indonesia yang dikenal dengan antar umat beragama, baik agama religius spiritual yang sakral dalam
sebutan Pancasila. Namun dalam yang diakui UUD 1945, maupun menjalin hubungan dengan sang
pidato tersebut, Soekarno tidak hanya yang tidak diakui. Karena sebagai pencipta. Esensi Ekasila yaitu sebagai
menyampaikan satu usulan saja, makhluk ciptaan Tuhan dan mengakui penyederhanaan isi dari Pancasila,
melainkan tiga usulan yang dikenal adanya Tuhan, seharusnya adanya agar lebih mudah memahami
dengan istilah Pancasila, Trisila, dan saling menghargai dan menghormati dan mengimplementasikan, yang
Ekasila. Soekarno mengusulkan lima perbedaan agama satu dengan yang didalamnya telah mengandung
dasar Negara diperas menjadi tiga lain. unsur dan makna yang sama dengan
(Trisila), yakni: Sosio Nasionalisme: Pancasila dan Trisila.
mengandung prisip kebangsaan dan Dalam bentuk yang lebih sederhana
perikemanusiaan yang menegaskan lagi, Soekarno menawarkan memeras Terlepas dari tujuan penyederhanaan
pentingnya hubungan antar bangsa Trisila menjadi satu (Ekasila) yaitu tersebut, adanya tujuan tersirat dalam
atau dasar kemerdekaan dan keadilan gotong royong. Gotong royong munculnya Ekasila, supaya tujuan
Sumber: suaradewata.com
Pancasila sebagai paradigma pengembangan Hal ini perlu diperhatikan terkait pola
ekonomi lebih mengacu pada Sila Keempat kelembagaan antar daerah/lembaga yang akan
Pancasila. Sementara pengembangan ekonomi dijalin. Pilihan pola kelembagaan dari lembaga
lebih mengacu pada pembangunan Sistem kerjasama antar daerah/lembaga yang dilakukan
Ekonomi Indonesia. Dengan demikian menunjuk selama ini adalah dalam bentuk “Lembaga
pada pembangunan Ekonomi Kerakyatan Kerjasama”. Pilihan pola kerjasama ini dipandang
atau pembangunan Demokrasi Ekonomi atau sudah tepat, mengingat ada dua tujuan yang hendak
pembangunan Sistem Ekonomi Indonesia atau dicapai yaitu (1) tujuan pembangunan, dengan
Sistem Ekonomi Pancasila. Mubyarko telah penekanan pada sinkronisasi dan pensinergian
mengembangkan ekonomi kerakyatan yaitu program pembangunan ekonomi antar daerah/
ekonomi yang humanistis yang mendasarkan lembaga; (2) tujuan pemasaran, yang lebih
kesejahteraan rakyat secara luas. Pengembangan menekankan pada pemasaran produk-produk
ekonomi bukan hanya mengejar pertumbuhan ataupun hasil khas dari daerah lokal. Pencapaian
saja melainkan demi kemanusiaan dan demi dua tujuan ini sangat membutuhkan format
kesejahteraan atas kekeluargaan seluruh bangsa. kelembagaan dalam bentuk Lembaga Kerjasama,
karena format ini memiliki kewenangan, lingkup
Lemahnya Pengelolaan Kegiatan Lembaga otoritas dan pola relasi antar anggota yang dapat
Kerjasama Antar Daerah/Lembaga mendukung pencapaian tujuan tersebut.
berencana, kesehatan, pertanian, perekonomian, telah mendorong adalah sebagai bagian prasarana
peternakan, perikanan, dan lain-lain berbagai lembaga internasional transportasi yang mempunyai peran
melalui penyuluhan atau kegiatan untuk memberikan penilaian positif penting dalam bidang ekonomi, sosial
lainnya yang sifatnya memberikan terhadap prospek perekonomian budaya, lingkungan hidup, politik,
pencerahan dan penguatan jatidiri Indonesia. Hasilnya, Indonesia kembali pertahanan dan keamanan, serta
bangsa. dikategorikan pada peringkat layak dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besar
investasi (investment grade) oleh kemakmuran rakyat. Selain itu, jalan
TNI Penggerak Pembangunan beberapa lembaga internasional. sebagai prasarana bagi distribusi
Infrastruktur mewujudkan Ekonomi barang dan jasa merupakan urat
Berkelanjutan Sehubungan dengan hal nadi bagi kehidupan masyarakat,
tersebut Pembangunan infrastruktur bangsa, dan negara. Dengan
Selaras dengan prinsip merupakan salah satu aspek pembangunan infrastruktur yang
pembangunan yang dijelaskan penting untuk mempercepat proses berkualitas, baik yang keras fisik
oleh lembaga Bank Indonesia yang pembangunan nasional. Infrastruktur (jalan, pelabuhan, irigasi), keras
menyebutkan bahwa Modal fisik juga memegang peranan penting nonfisik (telepon, internet, listrik,
(physical capital) dan sumber daya sebagai salah satu roda penggerak air) memainkan peran vital karena
manusia (human capital) berperan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Menurut merupakan penggerak perekonomian.
penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Prof. Dr. Sunyoto Usman bahwa Infrastruktur berhubungan dengan
Ketersediaan modal fisik sangat terkait infrastruktur sangat penting dalam tiga hal (Hartanto,2004) pertama,
dengan ketersediaan dana investasi. menyediakan pelayanan untuk dukungan dasar bagi pengembangan
Pada kasus perekonomian Indonesia, mendukung pembangunan ekonomi pabrik/industri, misalnya, listrik, jalan
meski kinerja pertumbuhan belum dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup. dan jaringan telekomunikasi. Kedua,
mencapai rata-rata prakrisis Asia, biaya produksi dan distribusi, baik
namun fundamental perekonomian Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 38 bahan baku dan produk jadi. Ketiga,
yang cukup kuat, disertai dengan tahun 2004 tentang jalan, dijelaskan keterkaitan dengan pasar dan proses
perbaikan risiko makro dan mikro bahwa peran infrastruktur jalan pemasaran.
Sumber: maritimnews.com
Oleh:
Letkol Chk Dr. Arief Fahmi Lubis,SE., SH.,MH
(Kaotmil IV-16 Balikpapan Babinkum TNI)
P
Pendahuluan dapat mencegah terjadinya perang. Sutoro Eko.2002. Demiliterisasi,
Semakin berkurangnya jumlah, Demokratisasi, dan Desentralisasi.
Jika mendambakan perdamaian, pengetahuan dan pengalaman Yogyakarta : IRE Press, hal vii):
bersiap-siaplah menghadapi perang pimpinan sipil dalam perang atau Pertama, sektor pertahanan
(Si vis pacem para bellum) dan operasi militer, menimbulkan bahaya negara harus lebih ditekankan
adagium : Perang merupakan jalan yang diremehkannya. Dalam hal ini pada keamanan manusia (human
terakhir…. serta adanya resolusi perlu diingatkan apa yang dikatakan security) dibandingkan pertahanan
Badan dunia Persatuan Bangsa- oleh Sun Tzu (400 SM) : “war is a teritorial secara eksklusif. Kedua,
Bangsa (PBB) terkait dengan prinsip matter of vital importance to state, keamanan manusia harus dicapai
Consicentiuous Objection yang the road of survival or run. It’s dengan paradigma pembangunan
mengakui bahwa setiap warga mandatory that it be thoroughly manusia berkelanjutan (sustainable
Negara yang atas dasar keyakinannya studied”. human development) untuk
dan agamanya berhak menolak menggeser paradigma keamanan
dalam wajib militer karena menolak Dalam satu dekade terakhir, yang menggunakan persenjataan dan
penyelesaian konflik dengan senjata. isu sektor keamanan tidak hanya militer.
Menanggapi adagium dan resolusi dimonopoli oleh negara dan militer,
tersebut diatas, dapat dilihat bahwa tetapi juga menjadi bagian dari isu Implikasi dari perubahan
dalam konteks pertahanan negara global govermance, seperti halnya paradigma tersebut adalah terjadi
(bukan menyerang suatu negara demokratisasi, hak asasi manusia, pergeseran pemahaman dan
lain) maka pengabdian manusia lingkungan, dan gender. Kekuatan lingkup peran militer dalam konteks
atau rakyat kepada negaranya masyarakat sipil transnasional demokratisasi. Pertahanan negara
merupakan kewajiban (compulsory), juga ikut menaruh perhatian pada bukanlah bidang yang berdiri
bukan merupakan optional karena isu sektor pertahanan negara. sendiri, tetapi harus diintegrasikan
didalam penjelasan Pasal 27 ayat (3) Meluasnya perhatian, baik dari dalam agenda pembangunan untuk
Undang-undang Dasar 45 : “Bahwa kalangan eksternal maupun internal mencapai kesejahteraan rakyat.
setiap warga Negara berhak dan mendorong munculnya paradigma Dengan kata lain, pendekatan
wajib ikut serta upaya bela Negara”. baru tentang sektor pertahanan keamanan (security approach)
Kondisi Negara yang damai, negara yang menempatkan sektor harus disatukan dengan pendekatan
merupakan kondisi yang disiapkan tersebut dalam area pembangunan kesejahteraan (prosperity approach).
oleh seluruh rakyat Indonesia karena yang lebih luas. Paradigma Urusan pertahanan negara yang
dapat menjadi suatu negara yang tersebut mengedepankan 2 (dua) ditangani dengan pendekatan
memiliki pertahanan yang kuat fokus perhatian (Arie Sudjito dan militeristik atau represif melalui
Sumber:tniad.mil.id
serta juga disusun berdasarkan militer dan sipil yang terlibat dalam adalah merupakan pandangan
kesemestaan, sehingga semua warga penanggulangan bencana dan bangsa Indonesia dalam melihat
negara aktif ikut serta dan terlibat evakuasi dalam bahaya lain. Contoh tujuan negara, sistem pertahanan
dalam mempertahankan negara. lain adanya Lemdiklat yang bisa negara, serta keterlibatan warga
membentuk pola pikir manusia negara. Hal ini juga dapat
Sementara itu sebagai inti untuk menjaga potensi lahan sawah merefleksikan sikap bangsa Indonesia
pertahanan negara, Tentara dan perkebunan sebagai bekal yang menentang segala bentuk
Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dibentuk logistik dan pangan rakyat jika atau penjajahan, yang bertentangan
dan dibina, menjadi profesional, selama terjadinya perang, bencana, dengan nilai-nilai kemanusian,
melalui pendidikan dan latihan embargo, terputusnya jalur dukungan keadilan dan kesejahteraan.
yang berjenjang, terus menerus logistik, serta pola pikir terkait
dan berkesinambungan. Untuk itu pembangunan kekuatan pertahanan Sejarah pertahanan negara,
diperlukan tempat-tempat latihan negara. merupakan bagian yang tidak dapat
dan instalasi-instalasi militer yang dipisahkan dari penghayatan aspirasi
dipayungi oleh ketentuan hukum Tentang Hakikat Pertahanan perjuangan bangsa Indonesia dalam
dan perundang-undangan tentang Negara. mewujudkan cita-cita kemerdekaan
penataan ruang dan tata ruang dan tujuan nasionalnya, sebagaimana
pertahanan. Pertahanan Negara adalah segala yang diamanatkan dalam Pembukaan
usaha untuk mempertahankan UUD 1945, yaitu:
Sebagai contoh, Lembaga kedaulatan negara, keutuhan wilayah
Pendidikan dan Pelatihan (Lemdiklat) NKRI, dan keselamatan segenap 1) Melindungi segenap bangsa
yang mampu membentuk pola bangsa dari ancaman dan gangguan Indonesia dan seluruh tumpah
pikir manusia yang terlibat dalam terhadap keutuhan bangsa dan darah Indonesia,
pengelolaan sumber daya nasional negara.
untuk menciptakan kreativitas dan 2) Memajukan kesejahteraan umum,
inovasi seperti pembuatan jalan tol Secara harfiah substansi
yang didesign untuk bermanfaat pertahanan negara juga terdapat di 3) Mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa,
dalam memobilisasi kekuatan dalam UUD 1945 yang diantaranya dan
Sehubungan hal tersebut maka kemampuan Penataan ulang Sistem Pertahanan Negara yang
Pertahanan Negara harus dibangun, dibina dan berlangsung, membutuhkan pemahaman secara
disiapkan semenjak dini, dilaksanakan pada semua komprehensif, tidak hanya pada perangkat payung
wilayah nasional Indonesia serta merupakan tugas hukum, tetapi juga pada aspek struktur, kultur dan sistem
TNI, Kementerian, Lembaga non Kementerian serta yang akan menjadi landasan implementasi. Prosedur dan
Pemerintah daerah, sesuai dengan peran, tanggung mekanisme penataan ulang membutuhkan pemahaman
jawab dan fungsi masing-masing. yang mendalam tentang perlunya pembedaan tanggung
jawab antara penentu kebijakan pada strata politik
Sementara itu sesuai dengan Doktrin yang diterbitkan dengan strata yang menetapkan sistem penggunaan
TNI, menetapkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan tugas kekuatan pada eselon operasional.
operasi militer, kekuatan yang dilibatkan tidak hanya
TNI tetapi juga institusi diluar TNI dan komponen bangsa Dengan pemahaman tersebut, dalam implementasi
lainnya, sehingga dibutuhkan koordinasi dan kerjasama Sistem Pertahanan Negara membutuhkan sumber daya
antar institusi, agar semua tugas yang dilakukan dapat manusia yang menguasai secara mendalam setiap
terselenggara dengan baik dan berhasil mencapai permasalahan, sehingga didalam sistem pemerintahan
Sumber: acehportal.com
K
Kementerian Pertahanan, tujuan pemerintah Negara Kesatuan setiap pelaksanaan kerja sama di
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM, Republik Indonesia (NKRI) yaitu bidang pertahanan kedua negara.
Kementerian Luar Negeri megikuti untuk melindungi segenap bangsa
rapat kerja dengan Komisi I DPR dan seluruh tumpah darah Indonesia, Pemerintah Federasi Rusia
RI untuk membahas Rancangan memajukan kesejahteraan umum, memiliki potensi yang cukup
Undang-Undang (RUU) pengesahan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa menjanjikan bagi pemenuhan
persetujuan antara Pemerintah dan ikut serta melaksanakan alutsista TNI, pengembangan
Indonesia dengan Pemerintah ketertiban dunia yang berdasarkan industri pertahanan Indonesia, dan
Federasi Rusia tentang kerja sama di kemerdekaan, perdamaian abadi dan peningkatan profesionalisme TNI,
bidang pertahanan. Selasa (12/3), di keadilan sosial. saling kunjungan pejabat ditingkat
Ruang Rapat Komisi I DPR RI, Senayan, Kementerian, pertukaran informasi
Jakarta. Pada kesempatan tersebut, seperti peraturan perundang-
Menhan menginginkan terwujudnya undangan militer, pendidikan dan
Rapat dipimpin dan dibuka oleh pertahanan dalam negeri yang pelatihan, bantuan medis, kerja sama
Wakil Ketua Komisi I H.A. Hanafi Rais, lebih baik, serta peran Indonesia ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi.
S.IP., M.P.P., Ketua rapat memberikan dalam mencapai perdamaian dunia,
kesempatan kepada Menteri meningkatkan dan memperkuat Pengembangan kerja sama di
Pertahanan Ryamizard Ryacudu hubungan baik antara kedua negara. bidang industri pertahanan yang
mewakili Presiden dan Pemerintah Sehingga dapat berlaku efektif dalam meliputi alih teknologi, penelitian
mengatakan, berdasarkan adanya sistem hukum nasional dan segera bersama, produksi bersama serta
hubungan baik antara Pemerintah dilaksanakan oleh masing-masing pemasaran bersama. Menhan
Republik Indonesia untuk kerja pihak. mewakili Pemerintah Indonesia
sama di bidang pertahanan dengan berharap RUU tersebut dapat
Pemerintah Federasi Rusia yang telah Berdasarkan Undang-Undang segera dibahas dan mendapatkan
ditandatangani pada tanggal 18 Mei Nomor 24 Tahun 2000 tentang persetujuan bersama dari DPR RI,
2016. Perjanjian Internasional, syarat sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku dan
berlakunya perjanjian internasional dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu
Hubungan luar negeri yang di bidang pertahanan harus disahkan lama.***
dilandasi politik bebas aktif dalam bentuk Undang-Undang yang
merupakan salah satu terwujudnya akan dijadikan dasar hukum dalam
D
Dalam menjalankan tugas dan tim pakar dari berbagai disiplin Pertimbangan wacana
pokoknya, TNI dihadapkan pada ilmu melakukan kajian melalui Focus penambahan usia prajurit berpangkat
perkembangan lingkungan strategis Group Discussion (FGD) yang dibuka Bintara dan Tamtama antara lain
yang dinamis, cepat berubah dan Menhan RI Ryamizard Ryacudu, Peraturan Pemerintah No.11/2017
penuh dengan ketidakpastian serta Kamis (14/3), di kantor Kemhan. tentang manajemen PNS rata-rata
adanya ancaman nyata dan ancaman 60 tahun. Dan juga berdasarkan data
belum nyata. Dihadapkan dengan Mengingat pensiun personel BPS tahun 2017 angka harapan hidup
kebutuhan dan tantangan tugas, TNI yang berpangkat Bintara dan di Indonesia meningkat menjadi
Reorganisasi TNI yang telah dilakukan Tantama pada usia 53 tahun 69,19 tahun untuk laki-laki dan 73,06
belum sepenuhnya dapat menjawab dianggap masih usia produktif tahun untuk perempuan.
persoalan. Oleh karena itu perlu untuk mengawaki organisasi TNI
dilakukan validasi organisasi TNI di maka hal ini menjadi permasalahan Reorganisasi TNI dan
lingkungan Mabes TNI dan Mabes yang perlu menjadi pemikiran. penambahan usia pensiun Bintara/
Angkatan dengan penambahan Hal ini menunjukkan celah bagi Tamtama telah mendapat respon
jabatan Pati. penambahan usia pensiun prajurit positif dari pemerintah dalam hal
TNI, namun perlu kajian yang lebih ini Presiden RI. Berkaitan dengan
Selain validasi organisasi, perlu luas lagi tentang jabatan yang akan Reorganisasi TNI dan penambahan
juga ada pemikiran untuk melakukan diemban, kondisi kesehatan dan usia pensiun Bintara/Tamtama saat
perubahan organisasi TNI dengan kesamaptaan. Selain itu bagaimana ini peningkatan efektivitas organisasi
menambah usia pensiun maksimum pembinaan kariernya baik kenaikan dalam menghadapi ancaman
berpangkat Bintara danTamtama pangkat maupun kesempatan dengan tetap berpijak
dari semula 53 tahun menjadi 58 pendidikan merubah golongan ke pada fungsi TNI sebagai
tahun. Untuk mengatasi kedua tingkat Perwira dan Bintara. alat pertahanan.
permasalahan tersebut, Kemhan Selain itu juga
Untuk itu Menhan berharap Selain pejabat eselon I dan II KemenPan-RB Rini Widyantini, S.H.,
dalam FGD ini agar dilakukan di lingkungan Kemhan/TNI hadir MPM, Pakar Hukum dan Tata Negara
kajian secara ilmiah dan pula memberikan pandangan pakar Dr. Refly Harun, Pengamat Militer
komprehensif dari berbagai organisasi dan sumber daya manusia Prof. Dr. Salim Said dan Kepala
aspek, sehingga bersifat logis dengan harapan dapat memberi RSPAD Mayjen TNI Dr. dr. Terawan
dan dapat dipertangungjawabkan masukan terhadap kebijakan Agus Putranto, Sp.Rad. Sedangkan
secara akademis dengan terkait perubahan organisasi TNI dari akademisi hadir dosen Fisip UI
mempertimbangkan konsep Sistem dan penambahan usia pensiun Edy Prasetyono, S.Sos., MIS, Ph.D
dan Kebijakan Pertahanan Negara personel TNI berpangkat Bintara dan dan Executive Director at Center for
serta Ancaman yang dihadapi, baik Tamtama. Mereka adalah Deputi Indonesia Risk Studies Dr. Kusnanto
nyata maupun belum nyata. Kelembagaan dan Tata Laksana Anggoro.***
M
Menteri Pertahanan Ryamizard pemukul yang berbentuk alu yang kehadirannya juga diharapkan dapat
Ryacudu meresmikan peluncuran dalam cerita pewayangan digunakan memperkuat kemampuan jajaran TNI
Kapal Selam ke-3 dengan nama oleh Prabu Baladewa kemudian nama AL yang memiliki tanggung jawab
Alugoro 405 yang dipesan ini dipilih oleh Ny. Ryamizard Ryacudu besar dalam menjaga kedaulatan,
Kementerian Pertahanan (Kemhan) sebagai penanda armada penjaga keutuhan dan kewibawaan Negara
RI kepada perusahaan galangan Tanah Air. Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI).
kapal asal Korea Selatan DSME, Kamis
(11/4) di PT PAL Indonesia Surabaya. Menhan pada kesempatan Menhan juga mengharapkan
tersebut menyampaikan bahwa agar dengan masuknya Kapal
Peluncuran Kapal Selam ke-3 ini pengembangan Industri Pertahanan Selam ke-3 yang dibuat oleh PT
merupakan terobosan besar dalam Nasional menuju kemandirian PAL bersama PT DSME ini akan
Industri Pertahanan Nasional, karena merupakan bagian integral dari upaya dapat lebih meningkatkan efek
Kapal Selam tersebut dikerjakan dan pemenuhan kebutuhan Alutsista TNI gentar kekuatan daya tempur relatif
dibangun secara bersama-sama (Joint guna memperkuat postur pertahanan pertahanan Indonesia yang tentunya
Section) antara pihak PT PAL Indonesia negara didalam mengantisipasi akan diperhitungkan di dalam
(Persero) dan galangan Kapal DSME berbagai dinamika dimensi ancaman meningkatkan parameter perkuatan
Korea Selatan dengan melibatkan nyata dan belum nyata yang pertahanan kawasan maupun
Transfer of Technology dan Transfer of berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas dunia.***
Knowledge. keamanan NKRI.
Advisors:
In addition in this edition the editorial team also presented the Editor in Chief:
Imam Rosyadi
Mandiri Triyadi, S.Sos.
Editorial Team
Photo:
Published by:
Nadia Maretti,M.M.
Public Communication Center of MoD,
Jln. Merdeka Barat No. 13-14 Jakarta
Telp. 021-3829151, Fax. 3452457
19/ PANCASILA
ECONOMY
: SINERGISITY BUILDING A SUSTAINABLE
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
4 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
ARTICLE
N
National objectives formulated in take place if there is a guarantee of mutual cooperation and prioritizing
the opening of the 1945 Constitution national stability, where the aspect local wisdom as needed to develop
of the Republic of Indonesia, is of national defense is one of the innovations originating from within
protecting the entire Indonesian dominant aspects. National Defense the country to strengthen national
nation and all of Indonesian is a function in ensuring the survival identity.
bloodshed, for ad public welfare, and self-defense of any threats,
educating the nation's life, and both from outside and within the Each citizen has the right and is
participating in carrying out world country. One of the important tasks obliged to participate in the state
order based on independence, of the Government is to maintain defense effort and the conditions
eternal peace and social justice, security and order in carrying out for the state defense that are
development is needed in all aspects the life of the nation and state, by regulated by law. The obligation and
of national life. Development will continuing to promote the spirit of responsibility of defending the state
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
6 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
Source : writer
period the participation of every citizen action or behaviour that contains goodness.
in defending the country was adjusted to It could be that besides culture it can also be
their respective abilities and professions. derived from the values of customs, religion
and scientifically built and developed into a
Local Wisdom as National Identity new culture following the development of
a dynamic society and age. Local wisdom
According to Antariksa (2009), local is usually inherited from generation to
wisdom is an element of the cultural traditions generation and applies universally and
of a nation's society, which appears to be the partially. Universally it means that the values
parts that placed on the physical order of the of local wisdom are accepted and recognized
building (architecture) and the area (urban) in by anyone for their existence, partially by
the nation's geographical archipelago. Local itself means that each region and certain
wisdom is a view of life and science as well as communities have their own local wisdom
various life strategies in the form of activities which is maintained not only as a tradition,
carried out by local communities in answering but as a guideline for life.
various problems that meet their needs.
Strengthening national identity with local
According to Rahyono "local wisdom is wisdom means that everything in the society
the human intelligence possessed by certain is influenced by the culture possessed by
ethnic groups obtained through community the community itself, national identity in the
experience". Koentjaraningrat itself form of culture can be seen as something
categorizes human culture as a place for local passed down from one generation to another.
wisdom to ideas, social activities, artefacts. National identity with local wisdom as a
It can be concluded that local wisdom is the process is essentially a planned strengthening
result of thoughts that arise in the community. of the noble values of the Indonesian people
This is due to the need to solve anomalies or combined with the advancement of science
phenomena that occur and are considered to and technology, economic growth, increased
have no solution. Then it is used as a guideline sophistication of means of communication,
in carrying out daily activities and plays an and so on.
important role as a national identity.
Local Wisdom in Strengthening the State
Local wisdom of the community born in Defense
the midst of a cultured community life has
existed for a long time which is a positive Local wisdom is considered important as
3. The Tengger community around 4. The people of West Lombok 7. The Kasepuhan Sirnaresmi West
Mount Bromo, Wonokitri village, and Bali have Awig-Awig Java community with Seren
East Java has the principle which contains customary Taun has many meanings for
of "cutting one plant two" to rules that must be fulfilled and the community of Kasepuhan
protect its protected forest. By as a guideline in acting and including the peak of agricultural
holding "Sesanti Pancasetia" acting especially in interacting ritual procession which means
(5 instructions for loyalty) and and managing natural & human, natural, and creator
avoiding Malima combined with environmental resources. relations as an expression
Walima, it is evident that the of gratitude after cultivating
crime rate is barely found in the 5. The Orang Rimba-Jambi agricultural land with all obstacles
Tengger community. Sesanti community with Hompongan and struggles to get optimal
Pancasetia is a kind of pledge of which is a thicket forest that results. Kasepuhan customs
loyalty to culture (maintaining covers the core area of the Orang regulate the pattern of people's
ancestral customs), discourse Rimba settlement (in the Bukit lives in dealing with the creator
(speech that corresponds to Dua Belas Nasional Park area, (Hablum Minallah), human
deeds), "semaya" (promise), Jambi) which is intentionally relations (Hablum Minan naas)
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
8 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
both in the field of security and
welfare and implementing national
discipline by complying with all
state regulations and laws, this is
the essential dimension of State
Defense. The series of terminology
has actually been summarized in
Pancasila as a basic value. National
identity in the context of the nation
(Indonesian society) tends to refer
to a distinctive culture or character.
While national identity in the context
of the state is reflected in state
symbols. These two elements of
identity are clearly summarized
in Pancasila. Pancasila is thus our
national identity in society, nation
and human relations with the Source : writer and state.
natural environment (Hablum only in terms of sports, but also for
Minal alam). Synergy of State Defense and
humanity, peace and so on. Local Wisdom in Building Excellent
8. The Ammatoa, Kajang, South Indonesia
In general, local wisdom in
Sulawesi community with Pasang strengthening the spirit of defending
Ri Kajang is a life view of the Globalization which is full of the
the country can support the spirit of change has an impact on
Ammatoa community, which realization of national resilience by
contains ethics and norms, both changes in the socio-cultural values
making excellent Indonesia. Doing of the nation. It cannot be denied
related to social behavior, as your best through the profession and
well as behavior towards the that changes in values affect the
position of each citizen regardless mindset, attitudes and patterns
environment and surrounding of their expertise to be donated to
nature, as well as human relations of action of the next generation.
the interests of the nation and state The influence of globalization not
with His Creator. Ammatoa is
in charge of preserving the
Pasang Ri Kajang and keeping
the Ammatoa community to be
submissive and obedient to the
regulated principals which cannot
be changed, added or reduced.
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
10 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
local wisdom the noble ideals of Sebelas:2013) 3. Keputusan Menteri
building an excellent Indonesia can Pertahanan Nomor Kep
be realized and be able to compete 4. Supriyoko, Ki: Butir-Butir /435/M/V/2016 Tentang
with other countries and even be Pemikiran Bapak Pendiri Kebijakan Pertahanan Negara
able to become a winning nation.*** Bangsa Untuk Kemerdekaan Tahun 2017
dan Pembangunan (Taman
Bibliography Siswa: Yogyakarta:2013) 4. Permenhan Nomor 02 tahun
2017 tentang Organisasi
A. Books 5. http://antariksaarticle. dan Tata Kerja Kementerian
blogspot.com/2009/08/ Pertahanan
1. Alfian, Magdalia, Potensi kearifan-lokal-dalam-
Kearifan Lokal Dalam arsitektur.html. Kearifan Lokal
Pembentukan Jati Diri dan dalam Arsitektur Perkotaan
Karakter Bangsa (Fakultas dan Lingkungan Binaan.
Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Antariksa. 2009.
Universitas Indonesia: 2013).
B. Documents
2. Bambang Pranowo,
Multidimensi Ketahanan 1. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara
Nasional (Jakarta, Pustaka Republik Indonesia 1945
Alvabet :2010)
2. Undang-Undang Nomor
3. Marijan, Kacung, Penguatan 3 tahun 2002 tentang
Budaya Nusantara Berbasis Pertahanan Negara
Kearifan Lokal (Universitas
I
Introduction quality of Human Resources (HR) and development of electrical energy
and have implications for changes in and driving motors.
National defense is all efforts to existing standards. In parallel from
uphold the sovereignty of the state, the national defense sector when This is a shift and change from
maintain the integrity of the territory facing the 4.0 industrial revolution the era of revolution 1.0 into the
of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), must also be followed by the era of the Industrial Revolution 2.0,
and protect the safety of all nations development of national defense HR while in the era of the Industrial
from threats and disruptions to the capabilities. Revolution 2.0 the development of
integrity of the nation and state. manufacturing and mass production
Please note that Industrial grew in the form of telephones and
Threats themselves are the Revolution 4.0 was first launched transportation facilities in the form of
main factor that forms the basis in 2011 by Germany, which later cars and airplanes.
for the design of national defense became the main theme at the
systems, both actual and potential. 2016 World Economic Forum (WEF) Changes are running fast enough
The development of strategic meeting in Davos, Switzerland. Some to occur which are named after
environments as well as predictions countries already have programs the era of the Industrial Revolution
of threats that are dynamic and to support their industries towards 3.0. As a sign of the incoming of
fast-changing, and full of uncertainty Industry 4.0 such as Germany, the the Industrial Revolution 3.0 era
deliver the paradigm of various new United Kingdom, the United States, is the growth and development
threats. China, India, Japan, Korea and of electronics-based industries,
Vietnam. information technology, and
Meanwhile, the changes that automation. Besides that, at this
occurred in the era of industrial The Industrial Revolution 1.0, time the world of digital technology
revolution 4.0. is a very dramatic occurred with the growth of and the internet has also been
change and occurs at exponential mechanization and energy based introduced.
speeds. With another meaning, the on steam and water, which was
speed of increase in the form of a characterized by replacing human Entering the 4.0 Industrial
fixed percentage of the whole at and animal power by mechanical Revolution era when it became
a certain time. In addition, this will power. In the era of revolution 1.0 a trend in the world, there was
lead to various opportunities and this has increased the extraordinary a combination of automation
potential problems that will bring economy, while the changes technology trends with cyber
consequences to changes in the continue to roll with the emergence technology that included cyber
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
12 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
Source:medium.com
physical systems, Internet of Things made a necessity for the birth of new national geographical aspirations
(IoT), cloud computing, and cognitive threats, forms and characteristics. and direct / indirect impacts on a
computing. The trend in this era or country's political system. Whereas
period is the existence of automation In the above context, the question Geostrategic is an implementation
and exchange of data, also has is: is the component of national policy that determines the goals
changed the order of human life, the defense in this case is the main and facilities and how to use these
economy, the world of work, even component especially (TNI soldier) facilities to achieve the objectives
lifestyle. The 4.0 Industrial Revolution ready? How to improve or prepare that have been determined by
has transformed separating physical the main component HR capabilities utilizing the geographical conditions
partition with digital, synthetic and (TNI soldiers), and what strategies of a country.
organic space, as well as explorative or policies are carried out in the face
thinking (creative thinking and of change in the era of Industrial The fourth wave of the industrial
mathematical disposition) into revolution 4.0? revolution (4.0) is a continuation
hyperbolic (overstating the reality to and certainly remains supported by
be unreasonable). The reality with various problems the Third Industrial Revolution (3.0).
and questions, of course, makes an These conditions, marked by the
The complexity of the threat urgency and thought in realizing unification of several technologies,
problems that occur today has a strong and strong national so that we see and feel a new era
an axis of technology mastery defense, as an effort to uphold the consists of 3 (three) independent
dimension that will hold and have sovereignty of the country, maintain fields of science, namely: physics,
a key role. In connection with this, the integrity of the territory of the digital, and biology. This was also
with the Utilization (Utilization / Republic of Indonesia, and protect marked by the development of
The use) of defense space along the safety of all nations. the Internet of / for Things whose
with the development of industrial presence was so fast.
automation has implications for the Opportunities and Challenges
emergence of sophisticated weapons The industrial revolution 4.0 will
(modern armaments). Unconsciously, The Geopolitical and Geostrategic bring many effects of change with
the automation of the problem of concepts within the framework all the consequences, which from
defense threats is increasingly multi- of the NKRI by Prof. Dr. Ermaya the positive side is the existence of
dimensional, complex, changing and Suradinata, SH. MS. MH. states: connectivity so that effective and
unpredictable. Probability (a measure Geopolitics is politics or national efficient levels occur. But on the
of the chance of a threat) in the policies and strategies driven by negative side is the risk of reduced
defense industry revolution era has Human Resources (HR) that are
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
14 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
In addition, the domestic industry related to non-military threats. For and development through the state
can be more productive and better, this reason, the precautionary factor budget (APBN) scheme.
accompanied by an increase in the is very necessary for all non-military
ability of human resources to adopt elements that will harm national Besides that, the anticipatory
technology, so that they are able to stability, national security and even form of this challenge is to provide
compete with other countries. the sovereignty of the territory of the incentives for the development of
Republic of Indonesia. quality human resources in state
From some description of universities and private universities.
the opportunities that will be The achieved independence will And more importantly is optimizing
obtained from the presence of be in vain if it cannot or is unable to the important role of the nation's
the 4.0 industrial revolution, we build the country's sovereignty. Then children to react in overcoming the
need to change the mindset, the energy and food sovereignty nation's problems from the impact
paradigm, doctrine and culture become absolute to be realized and and influence of the 4.0 industrial
related to change as an opportunity not dependence on other countries. revolution so that Indonesia's
and challenge and change is a The other side, the geopolitical and national resilience is maintained.
necessity that cannot be avoided geostrategic constellation makes the
and technology is not difficult, by energy as the main factor of national Comprehensive Development of HR
continuing - must improve learning interest placing an important agenda Capability
skills, skills that are in accordance for developed countries.
with the needs of the industrial era The era of 4.0 industrial revolution
4.0. For this reason, in the future it will has the consequence of demanding
be directed to the development of changes in the quality of Human
b. Challenge. the main component HR capabilities Resources (HR) and bringing about
(TNI soldiers) through increasing the construction and implications
On the challenge side, the 4.0 knowledge and skills, increasing the of existing standards. To face the
Industrial revolution could cause portion of research, and research industrial revolution 4.0 must be
various problems for
the Indonesian people.
In particular there
has been widespread
and marginalized
(marginalization)
of a group that
can exacerbate
social interests,
social cohesion,
and even damage
interrelationships
(relations) between
humans. In addition, it
can also create security
risks and raise the risk of
new threats to national
defense from the impact
or influence of the
Industrial Revolution 4.0.
Entering Indonesia's
4.0 industrial revolution,
whether it is realized
or not will also have
consequences on aspects
of national defense
Source: satelitberitacom
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
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weaponry systems in a system of organization, namely: (1) Cognitive decision-making process.
operating patterns independently (in the form of Problem Solving
or a combination of integrated Tri and Decision Making), (2) Affective Research and development
Services need to be applied. Then (in the form of Collaboration cultural empowerment (R&D) is
the consequence is to lead to the and HR Management) and (3) carried out to produce something
demand for the improvement of the Psychomotor (in the form of Work new (innovation) that aims to
capability of the main component Planning and Management and improve the capabilities and
HR (TNI soldiers) who require Order and Discipline). Meanwhile, competencies of the main
training on a programmed basis, to answer the competency needs component HR (TNI soldiers). R&D
both independent and combined. of the scientific field (Knowledge), was also carried out to produce
This is also to test the ability, and it responsiveness and basic concepts innovations in the framework of
is also expected that individual and become the driving force of a person modernizing defense equipment to
unit operational preparedness is (Personal Characteristic) to carry out anticipate various threats as a form
maintained. activities (Action) that produce work of influence of the 4.0 Industrial
behaviour (Job Performance). Revolution.
3. Competence.
4. Research and Development Conclusion
Along with the core business
demands (Competence / Workload) As a process used to develop and The 4.0 Industrial Revolution is
and the influence of the 4.0 Industrial validate an object, it is necessary to actually a combination of digital
Revolution, there is a need for consider the purpose which usually technology trends with automation
observational efforts and efforts holds two information, namely technology, it is definitely has a
to do, mix and match with the (1) the problem to be solved and broad influence on various sectors
performance outcome basis. Then (2) the specifications that will be / fields, including the field of
an assessment is needed to identify generated to solve the problem. The national defense. The essence of
the Basic Behaviour Competencies formulation of the problem is correct the 4.0 Industrial Revolution was
(Personality) needed by the to correct deficiencies, and then the first launched in 2011 by Germany
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
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ARTICLE
Sumber: jowonews.com
I
In the history, the birth of the justice, Socio-Democracy affirming tradition of Indonesian society. It is
Pancasila began at the June 1, 1945 the upholding of social justice as a not only a form of social attachment
speech, which was announced by Ir. condition for the creation of culturally- from one another, but beyond
Soekarno. In the speech, the proposal based social, and the divine welfare the sacred spiritual meaning in
of basic state of Indonesia was asserting that there should be no establishing a relationship with the
conveyed, in which it contains five discrimination between people creator. The essence of Ekasila is the
basic of Indonesian principles, known religion, regardless the religion simplification of the content from
as the Pancasila. In the speech, recognized by the 1945 Constitution, Pancasila, to make it easier to
Soekarno not only submitted one or not. Since we are as God's understand and implement, in which
proposal, but also three proposals creatures and admitting the existence it contains elements and has the
which are known as the Pancasila, God, there should be mutual respect same meaning with Pancasila and
Trisila, and Ekasila .Soekarno proposed among one religious difference to Trisila.
five basic countries to be exploited another.
to be three (Trisila ), namely Apart from the purpose of this
: Socio Nationalism containing In a much more simple format, simplification, there is an implicit
national principles and humanity, Soekarno offered to condense Trisila goal in the emergence of the Ekasila,
which emphasizes the importance into one (Ekasila) namely mutual so that the goal of revolution for
of relations between nations or the cooperation. Mutual cooperation Indonesia is achieved; Indonesia can
basis of independence and true means helping each other in the be an independent state. Another
Sumber: tirto.id
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
20 VOLUME 2/ NUMBER 2
Pancasila). This is to avoid free competition. A collective action activities for solving development
humanistic economy is based on the goal of making problems at the regional level.
people prosperous. The economic system is not only
pursuing growth, but for the welfare of the entire This needs to be considered regarding the
nation. The economic goal is to meet human needs pattern of institutions between regions/institutions
so that humans become more prosperous. that will be woven. The choice of institutional
pattern of cooperation institutions between
Pancasila as the paradigm of economic regions/institutions carried out so far is in the
development refers more to the Fourth principle form of "Collaborative Institutions". The choice of
of the Pancasila. While economic development this pattern of cooperation is deemed appropriate,
refers more to the development of the Indonesian considering that there are two objectives to be
Economic System. Thus pointing to the development achieved, namely (1) the purpose of development,
of a Popular Economy or the development of with an emphasis on synchronization and departure
Economic Democracy or the development of the of economic development programs between
Indonesian Economic System or the Pancasila regions/institutions; (2) marketing objectives,
Economic System. Mubyarko has developed a which emphasize the marketing of products or
populist economy, namely a humanistic economy products that are typical of the local area. The
that bases people's welfare broadly. Economic achievement of these two objectives really requires
development is not only pursuing growth but for an institutional format in the form of a Cooperation
humanity and for the welfare of the whole nation's Institution, because this format has the authority,
family. scope of authority and pattern of relations between
members that can support the achievement of these
Weak Management of Institutional Activities objectives.
Inter-Regional Cooperation/Institutions
However, in practice the institutional format
Along with the development of globalization, the of collaborative institutions between regions/
meaning of the essence of Pancasila in this case; institutions in the form of "Collaborative Institutions"
the spirit of mutual cooperation as the essence of cannot work well to achieve the objectives. This
Pancasila became degraded in the life of the nation is because "Cooperation Institutions" do not carry
and state. This is indicated by the weak cooperation out their full authority, only have a limited scope
between regions or institutions in building a life of authority and a very fluid pattern of relations
together. There is no integration of activities carried between members. There are four authorities
out by Regional Management with activities carried that should be carried out by regional cooperation
out by Regional Staff Organizations (OPD). This is an institutions in the form of "Collaborative Institutions",
important contributing factor to the low performance namely; (1) Information networks : forums that
of inter-regional cooperation institutions. To be able serve as an exchange of information about policies
to produce outcome performance as expected, and programs, technology and potential solutions to
the role of the related OPD is very important common problems; (2) Developmental networks:
because they are the ones who have the human There is a higher involvement of members, not
and financial resources to be able to carry out the just information exchange but combined with
development function. In the context of regional education and services that directly increase regional
development, the development goals can be information capacity to implement solutions to
achieved if the relevant OPDs in each district work each problem; (3) outreach networks: networks
together to resolve problems that is cross regional between regions are more solid with the existence
in scale. During this time regional managers only of strategic programs for each region that are
carried out the agenda of the activity program of adopted and implemented in other regions; and
the inter-regional cooperation institution without (4) action networks: regions jointly make a series
involving SKPD from each region. In other words, of joint action programs carried out by each region
activities carried out by inter-regional cooperation in accordance with their respective proportions and
institutions have not been able to grow the each capabilities.
TNI Becomes the Pioneer of Resources, Natural Resources, Science facilities and infrastructure in
the Pancasila Based Economic and Technology, Cultural factors, and the regions, improving regional
Development Resources Capital. infrastructure facilities in rural areas
in the form of infrastructure, public
TNI is the Indonesian National TNI Manunggal Bangunan Desa/ and social facilities while non-physical
Armed Forces in accordance with Civic Mission (TMMD) is one of the activities, raising awareness of nation
Law No. 34 of 2004 concerning the programs as a manifestation of and state in society, awareness
Indonesian Armed Forces Article 4 TNI Bhakti Operation, which is an of defending the country, law
paragraph (1) explaining that the TNI integrated cross-sectorial program enforcement, national discipline and
consists of the Army, Navy and the between the TNI and Departments, other knowledge needed by rural
Air Force that carry out their duties Non-Departmental Government communities, such as family planning,
in a formal or joint manner under Institutions and Regional Governments health, agriculture, animal husbandry,
Chief Commander. Various programs and other national components, which fisheries, etc. through counseling
have been carried out by the TNI in are implemented in an integrated or other activities that provide the
helping to secure the life of the nation manner with the community, to enlightenment and strengthening of
and state against various factors, accelerate acceleration development the nation's identity.
especially in the field of economic activities in rural areas, especially
weakness in society. With these areas classified as lagging, isolated, TNI is the Driving of Infrastructure
various programs it is expected to border, and urban slums and other Development in creating a
be able to help economic growth. areas affected by the disaster. With Sustainable Economy
However, with the various problems the program, it can be interpreted that
that exist in the community, there are TMMD is an implementation of the In line with the principles of
a number of things that need to be Pancasila economy. development explained by the Bank
considered in carrying out program Indonesia institution, which states
activities that affect the economic The activities carried out included that, physical capital and human
growth of a region including Human physical activities, rehabilitating capital play an important role in
EDITION OF MARCH-APRL2019
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Sumber: metrotimes.news
economic growth. The availability of Usman that infrastructure is very relates to three things (Hartanto,
physical capital is strongly related to important in providing services to 2004) first, the basic support for the
the availability of investment funds. In support economic development and development of factories/industries,
the case of the Indonesian economy, improve quality of life. for example, electricity, roads and
although growth performance telecommunications networks.
has not yet reached the pre-crisis In Law No. 38 of 2004 concerning Secondly is the cost of production
Asian average, strong economic roads, it is explained that the role and distribution, both raw materials
fundamentals, accompanied by of road infrastructure is as a part of and finished products. Thirdly is the
improvements in macro and micro- transportation infrastructure that has relationship with the market and the
economic risks, have encouraged an important role in the economic, marketing process.
various international institutions to social, cultural, environmental,
provide a positive assessment of political, defense and security fields, In more detail the provision
Indonesia's economic outlook. As a and is used for the greatest prosperity of infrastructure to economic
result, Indonesia is again categorized of the people. In addition, roads as development is as follows: (1)
as investment grade by several infrastructure for the distribution of accelerating and providing the
international institutions. goods and services are the lifeblood needed goods, (2) the availability of
of the lives of people, nations and infrastructure will allow the availability
In connection with this, countries. With the construction of goods for the community at lower
infrastructure development is an of quality infrastructure, both hard costs, (3) good infrastructure can
important aspect to accelerate the physical (roads, ports, irrigation), facilitate transportation, which in
national development process. non-physical hard (telephone, turn stimulates stability and reduces
Infrastructure also plays an important internet, electricity, water) plays price disparity between regions,
role as one of the drivers of economic a vital role because it is a driver (4) infrastructure that facilitates
growth. According to Prof. Dr. Sunyoto of the economy. Infrastructure transportation services, causing
Source: maritimnews.com
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community, able to understand the even national development. Through It cannot be denied by anyone of
development of life in accordance development based on the spirit the Indonesian nation and the nations
with its era, and the community is of mutual cooperation, from the of the world that the Unitary State of
able to understand the conditions of beginning the heavy work became the Republic of Indonesia stands on
social and cultural development to light and various problems that a fundamental foundation of state
support the quality of life as citizens existed in the community could be principles (staatsfundamentalnorm),
and expected with the development overcome in a sustainable manner. namely the Opening of the 1945
of human resources able to contribute In terms of this synchronization link, Constitution. As a fundamental
to regional development especially there is a match between the vision principle of the state scientific, of
regional economic development by and mission and the implementation course the Opening of the 1945
utilizing the surrounding conditions as of the stakeholders to overcome Constitution has several absolute
facilities and infrastructure in meeting problems in the life of the nation elements, namely: first, in the case of
the needs and achieving regional and state facilitated by the program. its occurrence, it is determined by the
economic resilience. Where did the synchronization occur? state's establishment and stated in a
statement of birth as the incarnation
Synchronization of the Development Infrastructure development was of the state that makes certain
in Achieving Pancasila Economy initiated and became the priority of things the basis of the state it forms;
TMMD's physical program, especially secondly, in terms of its contents,
The TMMD program is a cross- road access between regions, which it contains the basis of the state
sectorial program involving the TNI, was able to pave the way for the formed, namely the spiritual principle
Police, Ministries/Institutions of isolation of access to transportation, of the state, the political principle
Government and non-Ministries and besides because of limited access of the state, and the principle of
all levels of society to help improve to transportation making access to state goals or the ideals of the state.
the welfare of the community, information limited. This limitation of (Wreksosuhardjo, 2001).
strengthen national insight and information makes the people inside
build national unity and integrity in it like not feeling true independence Based on these thoughts, it is very
order to maintain integrity of the and also having an impact on clear that since the founding of the
NKRI. The TMMD program that we developing the quality of life as Indonesian nation, the forming of
have carried out so far is in line with citizens. the state placed the value of justice
the current Government's Vision, for the community as the ultimate
namely the realization of a sovereign, How about the implementation goal of the process of building
independent Indonesia and a Gotong of Pancasila in relation to TMMD an independent and sovereign
Royong (mutual cooperation) based and Economics? It should be noted Indonesian nation. Or with other
personality. together, that TMMD based on interpretations, the value of social
implementation is one example in the justice has been chosen by the state
This is the basis of the national practice of Eka-Sila, namely mutual as the most important value and is
development pattern, which always cooperation. Then related to Pancasila the ultimate goal of the development
applies mutual cooperation principles in accordance with the above process to fill the independence
in every line of society. The TMMD sequence consists of 5 Sila, which in of the Indonesian nation. Talking
program teaches us how important economic terms, Sila Social Justice for about the importance of the value
the spirit of mutual cooperation is All Indonesian People is the parent in of justice for the community is one
in the development of a region and realizing sustainable economic life. of the fundamental goals for the
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of social justice in the fundamental -- Undang-Undang Dasar Republik
principles of the state and the Indonesia 1945
foundation of the state as discussed
earlier, it should be necessary for -- Undang-Undang Republik
all selected economic development Indonesia Nomor 38 Tahun 2004
strategies and policies to go towards Tentang Jalan
those ideals. The state is obliged to
create mutual benefit. This is the -- Undang-Undang Republik
essence of economic development Indonesia Nomor 34 Tahun 2004
which should be a standpoint (stand tentang Tentara Nasional Indonesia
point ) for the government and its
bureaucracy in an effort to produce -- Usman Sunyoto. 2004.
policies in economic development.*** “Pembangunan dan
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat”,
References Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar
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Joint Military Training - Local Government for Building and Increasing the Civilian Role in
The Empowerment of Defense Areas
I
Introduction. become a country that has a strong area. The paradigm puts forward
defense that can prevent war. The 2 (two) focus of attention (Arie
If you want peace, be ready for reduced number, knowledge and Sudjito and Sutoro Eko.2002.
war (Si vis pacem para bellum) and experience of civilian leaders in Demilitarization, Democratization,
also the adage: War is the last resort war or military operations, poses a and Decentralization. Yogyakarta:
... as well as the resolution of the danger that is underestimated. In IRE Press, p. Vii): First, the national
United Nations (UN) World Agency this case, it needs to be reminded of defense sector must be more
related to the principle of Continuous what Sun Tzu (400 BC) said: "war is emphasized on human security
Objection which recognizes that important matter to state, the road of than exclusive territorial defense.
every citizen who on the basis of survival or run. It's mandatory that it Second, human security must be
his beliefs and religion has the right be thoroughly studied. " achieved with the sustainable human
to refuse in compulsory military development paradigm to shift the
service because he refuses to resolve In the past decade, the issue of security paradigm that uses weapons
conflicts with weapons. Responding the security sector has not only been and military.
to the adagio and resolution monopolized by the state and the
mentioned above, it can be seen that military, but has also become part The implication of this paradigm
in the context of national defense of the global issue of security, such shift is a shift in understanding and
(not attacking another country), the as democratization, human rights, scope of the role of the military
service of humans or people to their environment and gender. The power in the context of democratization.
country is compulsory, not optional of transnational civil society also National defense is not a stand-alone
because in the explanation of Article pays attention to the issue of the field, but must be integrated in the
27 paragraph (3) of the Constitution national defense sector. Widespread development agenda to achieve
45: "That every citizen has the right attention, both from external and people's welfare. In other words, a
and obligation to participate in efforts internal circles, has led to the security approach must be integrated
to defend the State". A peaceful emergence of a new paradigm of the into a prosperity approach. State
state is a condition prepared by all national defense sector that places defense affairs that are handled by
Indonesian people because it can the sector in a wider development a militaristic or repressive approach
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Sumber:tniad.mil.id
Sumber:tniad.mil.id
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that can threaten the sovereignty, independence and components, so that coordination and cooperation
integrity of its territory. between institutions is needed so that all tasks can be
carried out well and succeeded in achieving the targets
The state has full sovereignty and jurisdiction over its set. This is also in accordance with what is explained in
territory as a whole. Thus, the country has full rights in the Manual of Military Operations for War (OMP) (2008,
maintaining the integrity of its territory from all threats, p. 12) that the nature of Military Operations for War
both from inside and outside. Therefore, it is said that (OMP) is an operation carried out in a planned manner
what is done by the power of the state or its jurisdiction with goals, objectives, time of place and logistical support
over its various regions is complete and exclusive. It is that has been previously determined in detail, with the
said to be complete because the country can have access deployment and use of TNI forces assisted by the reserve
to all regions of the country, including all residents in the component and supporting components to fight the
region regardless of nationality. military forces of other countries that carry out aggression
against Indonesia, and or in armed conflict with another
The state's jurisdiction over its exclusive territory country or more, which is preceded by statement of war
means that no party, including other countries, has and subject to the International Law of War.
the right to impose its jurisdiction on the region. Thus,
without reducing the principles of applicable international Whereas in Article 16 of the Persuasion of Military
law, the territory of a country cannot be contested Operations Other than War (OMSP) states that:
(the inviolability of territories of states). The obligation "Combat operations carried out by the TNI in CSOs both
to respect the integrity of the territory of a country independently and integrated with other institutions, are
has also been included in the Declaration of Principles aimed at overcoming armed violence including terrorism,
concerning International Law which was approved by communal conflict and other weapons of violence, with
the General Assembly of the United Nations on October the principle stop armed violence, to avoid greater
24, 1970 (General Assembly Declaration of Principles of casualties, ... ".
International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-
operation Among States in Accordance with the Charter In regards to the National Defense System, in the
of the United Nations). The term "territorial integrity" has Republic of Indonesia Law Number 3 of 2002 it was also
also been included as a principle of not being disturbed stipulated that the national defense system in the face
by the claim of the principle of inviolability of frontiers. of military threats placed the TNI as the main component
supported by reserve components and supporting
Designing a Joint TNI Exercises by involving Civilian components. In addition, in this defense law, it is also
Roles in the National Defense. stated that the national defense system in the face
of non-military threats places government institutions
The State Policy contained in the Republic of Indonesia outside the defense sector as the main element, in
Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense accordance with the form and nature of the threats faced
stipulates that the implementation of development in with the support of other elements of national power.
the regions must pay attention to the development of
National Defense capabilities, so that the development The rearrangement of the National Defense
results are beneficial to the people's welfare, in the long System, which takes place, requires a comprehensive
run they must support the interests of National Defense. understanding, not only on legal umbrella instruments,
but also on aspects of structure, culture and systems that
In this regard, the capability of national defense must will become the basis of implementation. Procedures
be built, fostered and prepared since early, carried out and rearrangement mechanisms require a deep
in all national areas of Indonesia and is the duty of the understanding of the need to differentiate responsibilities
TNI, Ministries, Non-Ministry Institutions and Regional between policy makers in the political strata and strata
Governments, in accordance with their respective roles, that establish a system of using force in the operational
responsibilities and functions. echelon.
Meanwhile, in accordance with the Doctrine published With this understanding, in the implementation of the
by the TNI, it stipulates that in carrying out military National Defense System requires human resources who
operations, the forces involved are not only the TNI master in depth every problem, so that in the current
but also institutions outside the TNI and other national democratic governance system, the division of tasks and
Sumber: acehportal.com
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preparation is part of non-military form of human resources, natural vulnerability, reduce the risk of
defense development. Organized and artificial resources, values, possible casualties and other
in an integrated, coordinated, and technology, and funds can be conditions related to rescue the
cross department/institution. Its utilized to improve national defense people so that evacuation routes are
realization through strong economic capabilities which are further formed with available infrastructure.
development with high enough regulated by Government Regulation.
growth and national industries that In addition, local governments
are competitive and independent, Paragraph (3): evelopment in the can also train their abilities in
which in turn will be able to realize regions must pay attention to the dealing with "emergency" situations,
the independence of defense development of defense capability, ranging from "civil emergency" to
facilities and logistics centers spread as referred to in paragraph (1), which "war emergency" in accordance
in each region " is further regulated by Government with Government Regulations in
Regulation. lieu of Law number 23 of 1959
Furthermore Mandala war/ concerning danger, how the Regional
operation, which has been The President based on the Government carries out roles, duties
determined, is the territorial area advice of the TNI Commander and its function in these situations
of the regional government whose determines determination of war and conditions and how to control
development is the duty of the mandalas or operational mandalas. the role and involvement of the
autonomous regional government. The Indonesian National Armed community. (State Secretariat,
Besides that the existing resources Forces Manual (Persuade TNI) Government Regulation in lieu of
in the region must be able to fulfill about OMP (2008, 35) states: "... if Law number 23 of 1959 concerning
the need for the implementation of enemy aggression can occupy part danger). The other benefit is for
national defense, so that the area of Indonesia's territorial territory, it the pattern of cooperative relations
simulated as a War / Operation must be prevented by war efforts with the military and through its
Mandala in the TNI Task Force must limited to certain areas and not involvement in the implementation
be able to support military operations widespread ..." further stated "If of the Joint Exercise, it will find
and elements in the region to carry the OMP is forced to be carried out a formula on how to carry out
out cooperation with the TNI for in Indonesian territorial territory, procedures for mobilizing resources
successful implementation task. then OMP is carried out outside civil in the regions in supporting the
society settlement. " interests of national defense and
The Joint Training of the TNI is supporting military operations.
a method applied by the TNI to Enemies that carry out aggression
improve preparedness and test the against Indonesia cannot be 2. Building public awareness in
doctrine that has been prepared, so controlled so that they do not dealing with military and non military
that the implementation of this joint control and occupy residential areas. threats.
exercise will be obtained as follows: Therefore the implementation of
military operations should not be The Adagio "Si vis pacem
1. The Joint Training of the TNI can restricted to only areas outside the parabelum", the state's view of
be used to evaluate regional settlement, but if the operation is war was revealed in the statement
readiness and capability in forced in the area of residential "Indonesia loves peace, but is more
supporting national defense; areas, then a solution must be found, in love with Independence". With this
the exercise will also find things how the residents in the operating view, war as part of the concept of
related to the implementation of area are not victims of war and can national defense, for Indonesia is a
the doctrine, so the results of the be saved. choice if Indonesia's independence
exercise evaluation can be used is threatened. War determines the
to perfect the tested doctrine, as For this reason, development uprightness or collapse of a country,
reviewed in Article 20 of Republic in the regions must also predict therefore war must not only be
of Indonesia Law No. 3 of 2002 the possibility of the presence handed over to the military, but
concerning National Defense, as of hazards and threats that may becomes a common interest and
follows: arise, even though in peacetime all business because war is diplomacy in
development is aimed at people's other ways to achieve the country's
Paragraph (2) stipulates that: welfare, development planning in political goals. Every country avoids
"All national resources in the the area must be able to eliminate war, because war requires huge
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