www,kemhan.go.id www.dmc.kemhan.go.id
MEMAKNAI PERINGATAN
KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA
DAN UPAYA BELA NEGARA
WILAYAH PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN
INDONESIA MERDEKA
Indonesia
MENHAN DAN SEGENAP WARGA
39
2
DIRGAHAYU RI KE
70
JAYALAH INDONESIA
Volume 55/ N0.
Serambi Redaksi
Kembali tim redaksi WIRA edisi Juli–Agustus 2015 ini menyuguhkan artikel
menarik mengenai perayaan 70 tahun Indonesia merdeka dan bagaimana
wilayah perbatasan saat ini setelah 70 tahun merdeka dan yang menarik adalah
hasil blusukan Menhan ke wilayah perbatasan Kaltara. Kemandirian industri
radar merupakan langkah yang harus segera di wujudkan agar seluruh wilayah
Indonesia tercover termasuk upaya dan langkah untuk pengelolaan wilayah
udara di atas wilayah Kepri dan Natuna. Dalam profil satuan disajikan artikel
tentang Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan Kemhan. Mulai edisi ini Wira
telah merubah tampilan sesuai saran dan masukan dari pembaca yang telah
masuk ke meja redaksi yaitu Bahasa Indonesia dari halaman depan dan Bahasa
Inggris dari halaman belakang.
Semoga majalah WIRA edisi Juli– Agustus 2015 ini dapat memberikan manfaat
bagi kita semua dan tak lupa tim redaksi mengucapkan Dirgahayu Kemerdekaan
Republik Indonesia yang ke 70.
Juli-Agustus 2015 3
Juli-Agustus
2015 Volume
55/No.39
Daftar isi
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
DEWAN REDAKSI
POKOK POKOK PIKIRAN TENTANG
Pelindung/Penasihat: PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI RADAR NASIONAL
Menteri 6
Pertahanan Sekjen
Kemhan,
Pemimpin Umum:
Pemimpin Redaksi:
Pembangunan Industri Radar Nasional adalah sebuah
Kolonel Inf Drs. Silvester Albert Tumbol, kebutuhan mendesak yang penting dan dapat segera
M.A., diwujudkan.
Foto: OPINI
WILAYAH PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN INDONESIA MERDEKA
LIPUTAN
MENGENAL KEMHAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 5
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
Pasal 6 Undang Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 Dalam kaitan itu, pasal 7 Undang Undang
tentang Pertahanan Negara mengamanatkan Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 tentang Industri Pertahanan
bahwa Pertahanan negara diselenggarakan mengamanatkan bahwa Pemerintah mempunyai
melalui usaha membangun dan membina tugas dan tanggung jawab membangun dan
kemampuan, daya tangkal negara dan bangsa, mengembangkan Industri Pertahanan untuk menjadi
serta menanggulangi setiap ancaman. Untuk maju, kuat, mandiri, dan berdaya saing. Salah satu
dapat mewujudkan kemampuan yang memiliki alat pertahanan yang dapat meningkatkan efek daya
daya tangkal yang disegani, perlu dukungan tangkal dan sangat mungkin dikembangkan di dalam
Industri Pertahanan yang kuat. negeri peralatan Radar pertahanan udara (Hanud).
6 Volume 55/ N0. 39
Pembangunan Industri
Radar Nasional adalah
sebuah kebutuhan
mendesak yang penting dan
dapat segera diwujudkan
Juli-Agustus 2015 11
Sumber: analisismiliter.com
multi years untuk 16 unit Radar Hanud. dengan penghematan devisa dan penyerapan
Selanjutnya, Industri Radar Nasional yang tenaga kerja. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut
disarankan dalam bentuk Joint Venture maka dalam program pengadaan 4 unit Radar
antara Industri Pertahanan Indonesia dengan Hanud yang sedang berlangsung, perlu memilih
pabrikan Radar yang terpilih merumuskan pabrikan peralatan Radar yang spesifikasi teknis
rencana jangka panjang operasional Radarnya memenuhi kebutuhan operasi Hanud,
Industri Radar Nasional. menawarkan program ahli teknologi yang paling
kompeherensif dan memiliki komitmen untuk
e. Memberdayakan Produk Industri Radar
mendukung pembangunan Industri Radar Nasional.
Nasional. Pasal 8 Ayat 3 Undang-Undang
Selanjutnya, perlu mensinergikan dan
Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 tentang Industri
memberdayakan sumber daya dalam negeri
Pertahanan mengamanatkan pengguna
termasuk pemanfaatan fasilitas dan infrastruktur
wajib menggunakan alat peralatan
TNI AU (Depo Pemeliharaan Radar) untuk
pertahanan dan keamanan yang telah
menfasilitasi kebutuhan di awal program serta
dapat diproduksi di Industri Pertahanan
merumuskan payung hukum pada level
dalam negeri. Implementasi peraturan
operasional yang dapat digunakan sebagai
tersebut sangat diperlukan, Karena untuk
pedoman jangka panjang pembangunan dan
mampu bertahan dan bersaing dengan
pemberdayaan Industri Radar Nasional. Apabila
industri luar negeri, maka produk pabrikan
konsep tersebut dapat dilakukan maka dalam
Radar dalam negeri harus diberdayakan
kurun waktu sekitar 3 tahun, cikal bakal Industri
secara maksimal. Dengan demikian,
Radar Nasional akan dapat terwujud.***
komitmen dari segenap pengguna perlatan
Radar untuk menggunakan produk industri
Radar Nasional sangat diperlukan.
KESIMPULAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 13
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
PENDAHULUAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 15
tiap sepuluh tahun sekali. Upaya pengambilalihan Pemberian pelayanan untuk keselamatan di
FIR Singapura tersebut sejalan dengan yang FIR tersebut didasarkan atas ketentuan Pasal 28
diamanatkan dalam Pasal 458 UU No. 1 Tahun dan ketentuan 2.1.1. Annex 11 Konvensi Chicago
2009 tentang Penerbangan yaitu: “Wilayah udara 1944, yaitu Negara Pihak Konvensi Chicago harus
Republik Indonesia, yang pelayanan navigasi memberikankan pelayanan lalu lintas
penerbangannya didelegasikan kepada negara penerbangan wilayah udaranya. Wilayah udara
lain berdasarkan perjanjian sudah harus dievaluasi dimaksud disebut Flight Information Region (FIR).
dan dilayani oleh lembaga penyelenggara
pelayanan navigasi penerbangan paling lambat 15 Wilayah udara Indonesia dibagi dalam tiga
(lima belas) tahun sejak Undang-Undang ini sektor atau zonasi FIR, yaitu: (1) FIR Jakarta,
berlaku”. (2) FIR Ujung Pandang dan (3) FIR Singapura.
FIR Jakarta meliputi wilayah udara bagian barat
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) Indonesia: mulai bagian barat Pulau Kalimantan
Pembahasan tentang pengelolaan ruang udara hingga bagian barat Indonesia. FIR Ujung
tidak terlepas dengan Flight Information Region Pandang meliputi wilayah udara bagian timur
disingkat FIR. FIR adalah wilayah udara yang Indonesia. FIR Singapura meliputi wilayah udara
di dalam wilayah udara tersebut diberikan flight Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna.
information services dan flight alerting services. UPAYA PENGAMBILALIHAN
Pemberian pelayanan ini untuk keselamatan
penerbangan. Flight information services terdiri Pengendalian ruang udara di atas Kepulauan
dari SIGMET (significant meteorological Riau dan Natuna sudah dikuasai Singapura
information) dan AIRMET (airman’s meteorological sejak 1946. Hal tersebut terjadi karena ketika itu
information). Sedangkan flight alerting services, Indonesia belum mampu. Berdasarkan ketentuan
antara lain memberikan informasi jika ada pasal 1, 2 dan 28 Annex 11 Konvensi Chicago
keadaan darurat, mengadakan koordinasi dengan 1944 dan rekomendasi ICAO bahwa jika tidak
otoritas terkait untuk menangani keadaan darurat. mampu,
Tiga zonasi FIR: FIR Jakarta, FIR Ujung Pandang dan FIR Singapura
Indonesia dapat mendelegasikan pengawasan kepada organisasi terkait jika ada pesawat udara
tersebut kepada Singapura. Tetapi dalam memerlukan bantuan pencarian dan pertolongan.
ketentuan itu disebutkan, jika suatu negara sudah
mampu menyediakan fasilitas, sumber daya Sebagai implementasi ketentuan itu,
manusia, melayani dan mengawasi wilayah berdasarkan kesepakatan secara regional, wilayah
pengendalian udara (Flight Information pelayanan penerbangan di Indonesia dibagi
Region/FIR), negara tersebut dapat mengambil menjadi empat FIR, yakni Jakarta, Bali, Makassar
alih pengendalian itu. Ketentuan tersebut dan Biak. Akan tetapi, nyatanya sebagian ruang
membuat pemerintah RI berupaya dan lebih udara di Indonesia berbatasan dengan FIR negara
berkeinginan untuk mengambilalih FIR dari lain, di antaranya Singapura, Malaysia, Australia,
Singapura. Upaya tersebut diperkuat dengan Filipina dan Timor Leste. Hingga kini pengendalian
adanya ketentuan dalam Pasal 458 Undang- ruang udara di atas wilayah Indonesia menjadi
Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 seperti yang FIR Jakarta dan FIR Ujung Pandang. Sedangkan
disebutkan di atas. pengendalian ruang udara yang berbatasan
dengan Singapura dan Malaysia (terletak di
Penyerahan pengaturan lalu lintas udara pada Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna sektor A, B, dan C)
ruang udara di atas Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna masih dikendalikan oleh Singapura dan Malaysia
ke Singapura dan Malaysia (Malaysia menguasai dan masih dalam pembicaraan untuk
sektor B yang juga bersinggungan dengan sektor pengambilalihannya.
A dan C) merupakan hasil RAN Meeting I di
Honolulu pada tahun 1973. Sebenarnya Menurut Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut
dalam Annex (United Nations Convention on the Law Of the
11 ICAO, pelayanan lalu lintas udara diberikan Sea/ UNCLOS) 1982, ruang udara di atas
secara otoritas negara, maksudnya mencegah Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna merupakan wilayah
tabrakan antar pesawat, menjaga kelancaran dan yurisdiksi Indonesia.
ketertiban lalu lintas udara, memberikan petunjuk
Berikut ini disampaikan kronologis berbagai
dan informasi bermanfaat bagi keselamatan dan
upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah RI dalam
efisiensi penerbangan. Selain itu, memberitahukan
Juli-Agustus 2015 17
pengambilalihan FIR di atas Kepulauan Riau dan membuat Working Paper Nomor 55 tentang
Natuna, sebagai berikut: “Kegiatan yang akan direncanakan untuk
- Pada RAN meeting I di Honolulu tahun dilaksanakan di atas Kepulauan Natuna”
1973 diputuskan bahwa ruang udara di dan akan meninjau ulang batas FIR.
atas Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna adalah Pertemuan menyepakati bahwa Working
dalam batas FIR Singapura, di mana untuk Paper Nomor 55 tersebut dapat diterima,
pengelolaannya di atas ketinggian 20.000 namun dengan adanya Counter Paper oleh
kaki oleh Singapura sedangkan 20.000 kaki Singapura, maka ICAO menyarankan agar
ke bawah oleh Malaysia. dibicarakan secara bilateral antara
Singapura dan Indonesia.
- Dengan disahkannya UNCLOS tahun 1982,
sesuai dengan asas negara kepulauan, Setelah melalui proses pembahasan yang
maka ruang udara di atas Kepulauan Riau cukup lama antara DGAC Indonesia dan CAA
dan Natuna termasuk teritorial Negara Singapura mengenai pengalihan batas FIR Jakarta
Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. dan FIR Singapura, pada tanggal 21 September
1995 di Singapura telah ditandatangani perjanjian
- Pada RAN meeting II di Singapura pada pengalihan batas FIR dimaksud. Hal-hal pokok
yang dicakup dalam perjanjian tersebut adalah:
Juli-Agustus 2015 21
OPINI
MEMAKNAI PERINGATAN
KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA
DAN UPAYA BELA NEGARA
Oleh :
Juli-Agustus 2015 25
untuk berdiri di kaki sendiri secara ekonomi, para
guru, bidan dan tenaga kesehatan yang tengah
berjuang melakukan tugasnya di pelosok tanah
air di kawasan perbatasan, di pulau-pulau terluar,
kesemua tindakan tersebut adalah tindakan Bela
Negara. Disamping itu upaya melawan
kemiskinan, keterbelakangan dan kertinggalan
serta upaya melawan korupsi di semua tingkatan
merupakan wujud pembelaan kita pada Negara.”
Presiden Jokowi menegaskan bahwa “Bela
Negara memiliki spektrum yang sangat luas di
berbagai bidang kehidupan, mulai dari politik,
ekonomi, sosial dan budaya. Bela Negara bisa
dilakukan oleh setiap warga negara dari berbagai
latar belakan profesi; mulai dari petani, buruh,
professional sampai dengan pedagang. Bela
Negara bisa diwujudkan dalam kehidupan sehari-
hari sesuai peran dan profesi warga negara.”
Dalam konteks ini, Kementerian Pertahanan
berupaya terus untuk meningkatkan pemahaman
Juli-Agustus 2015 27
OPINI
WILAYAH
PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN
INDONESIA MERDEKA
Oleh:
Juli-Agustus 2015 29
sumber: yon744.blogspot.com
terbuka. Penambahan pos-pos juga akan lebih dan merenovasi 22 pos TNI serta jalan pasir-batu 64
memudahkan patroli TNI. kilometer yang menghubungkan desa-desa dengan
pos perbatasan.
Pembangunan akan dilaksanakan oleh TNI
bekerja sama dengan masyarakat setempat. Direktur Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan
Untuk 2015, direncanakan pembangunan Kementerian Pertahanan Mayjen TNI Yoedhi Swastanto
100 kilometer jalan inspeksi dan patroli. mengatakan, untuk menjaga perbatasan, Kementerian
Jalan selebar 3-4 meter ini terbuat dari pasir Pertahanan juga akan memasang chip di 100 patok
dan batu serta jarak dari patok 20-30 meter. perbatasan. Selain itu, pesawat tanpa awak taktis
Selain itu, direncanakan membangun 25 pos sebanyak 60 unit akan digunakan untuk memantau
perbatasan. Untuk
Juli-Agustus 2015 33
LIPUTAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 35
Selepas landas dari Nunukan Presiden yang bersiaga. Dalam kesempatan ini, selain
Jokowi menuju Pulau Sebatik Kalimantan Utara menanyakan kesehatan kedua prajurit tersebut,
dengan menggunakan Helikopter Super Puma Presiden Jokowi juga menanyakan aktifitas
TNI AU. Selama di Pulau Sebatik, Presiden selama berada di pos menara.
Jokowi dan Ibu Negara meninjau Pos Kotis
Marinir di Sei Bajo, Kecamatan Sebatik Timur, Kunjungan Presiden tersebut merupakan
Tanah Kuning, Patok II dan Pos Angkatan Laut komitmen untuk mewujudkan Nawacita ketiga,
Sungai Pancang. yaitu membangun Indonesia dari pinggiran dengan
memperkuat daerah-daerah dan desa dalam
Selama kunjungannnya tersebut Presiden kerangka negara kesatuan.
Jokowi juga sempat berjalan kaki sejauh 400
meter menuju Pos Perbatasan, dan selanjutnya Usai peninjauan Presiden, Menteri Pertahanan
menaiki menara Pos Perbatasan Sei Pancang Ryamizard Ryacudu melaksanakan kunjungan
di Pulau Sebatik. Di atas menara, Presiden ke wilayah perbatasan di Kabupaten Nunukan
Jokowi bertemu dengan dua prajurit TNI AL Kalimantan Utara.
Juli-Agustus 2015 37
Pada saat yang bersamaan, Menhan Wilayah yang sudah terpasang chip detector
juga menyampaikan rencana pembangunan ialah Kalimantan Barat terdiri sebanyak 10 unit.
jalan yang dimulai dari Kalimantan Barat Pemasangan chip detector di area Kaltara dan
dan dilanjutkan sampai Kalimantan Timur. daerah lainnya segera menyusul. Sedangkan
Bersamaan dengan itu akan dibuat juga jalan untuk Kaltara sendiri sedang dalam pemasangan
yang sejajar dengan perbatasan. TNI AD 50 unit chip detector. Rencana ini akan dipasang
sebagai pelaksana telah melakukan proses diseluruh perbatasan, namun akan dilakukan
pembangunan tersebut disepanjang secara bertahap.
Kalimantan Barat hingga Kalimantan Utara.
Patok perbatasan berteknologi chip bertujuan
PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI CANGGIH mengantisipasi pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh
negara tetangga yang mengancam kedaulatan
Disamping penambahan pos dan NKRI. Fungsi alat tersebut juga mengontrol setiap
pembangunan jalan, pemerintah Indonesia upaya pergeseran patok oleh negara tetangga
juga akan menggunakan peralatan berteknologi agar bisa langsung terdeteksi melalui pengiriman
canggih untuk mendukung pengamanan sinyal berbentuk data kepada kontrol operator,
wilayah perbatasan. Mulai dengan sehingga jika patok bergeser sedikit saja maka
memodernisasi patok batas negara yang akan langsung diketahui.
ditanam di kawasan perbatasan. Teknologi
super canggih berupa pemasangan chip Selain penggunaan teknologi chip detector,
detector pada patok batas ini sebagai cara kedepannya pengawasan perbatasan juga didukung
memonitor garis batas wilayah agar tidak lagi dengan pesawat tanpa awak atau Drone. Namun
mengalami permasalah dengan negara penggunaan Drone harus dilengkapi dengan Posko
tetangga.
Juli-Agustus 2015 39
masyarakat Menhan menyinggung persoalan Pamtas RI-Malaysia dari Yonif Linud 433/Julu
peredaran narkoba yang terjadi diperbatasan Siri yang dikomandani oleh Letkol. Inf. Agustinus
RI-Malaysia. Aparat TNI dan Polisi serta Sitepu. Ditengah-tengah dialog Dansatgas
masyarakat dapat saling membantu mengatasi Pamtas Yonif Linud 433/JS, Letkol. Inf. Agustinus
hal tersebut. Menhan menegaskan bahaya Sitepu menyampaikan beberapa tugas yang
masuknya narkoba harus diberantas karena diemban pasukan yang dipimpinnya. Adapun
sangat berbahaya bagi generasi muda yang tugas tersebut adalah mengamankan daerah
berakibat akan merusak diri sendiri, orang lain perbatasan RI- Malaysia, memelihara dan
dan bangsa. meningkatkan stabilitas keamanan, mengawasi
BERMALAM DI BARAK POS PAMTAS dan mencegah setiap terjadinya kerusakan dan
pergeseran patok batas negara, mencegah
Usai memberikan pengarahan kepada tindakan ilegal dan melakukan pembinaan teritorial
masyarakat desa Aji Kuning, Menhan beserta di sekitar daerah pos perbatasan.
rombongan meneruskan peninjauannya ke
pos Pamtas di daerah Simanggaris Baru. Saat Hal yang sangat menarik selama kunjungan
berada di Simanggaris Baru selain meletakkan Menhan Ryamizard Ryacudu di pos pengamanan
batu pertama pembangunan pos, Menhan juga perbatasan adalah bagaimana karakter seorang
berbincang dengan sejumlah anggota Satgas Pemimpin yang sangat dekat dengan para
pasukan dilapangan tanpa ada ruang dan jarak
Juli-Agustus 2015 41
MENGENAL KEMHAN
PROFIL
DIREKTORAT
JENDERAL
STRATEGI
PERTAHANAN
KEMHAN
Kedudukan, Tugas dan Fungsi
1. perumusan kebijakan di
bidang penyelenggaraan
strategi pertahanan
negara;
2. pelaksanaan kebijakan di
bidang penyelenggaraan
strategi pertahanan
e. Direktorat Kerja Sama Internasional; Set Ditjen terdiri atas : Bagian Program dan
Laporan; Bagian Data dan Informasi; Bagian
f. Direktorat Wilayah Pertahanan; dan Umum; dan Kelompok Jabatan Fungsional.
g. Direktorat Peraturan Perundang-Undangan.
Juli-Agustus 2015 43
Direktorat Kebijakan Strategi. Direktorat Kebijakan Strategi
selanjutnya disebut Direktorat Jakstra adalah unsur pelaksana
tugas dan fungsi Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan,
dipimpin oleh Direktur Kebijakan Strategi disebut Dir Jakstra
mempunyai tugas merumuskan dan melaksanakan kebijakan
serta standardisasi teknis, pemberian bimbingan teknis dan
evaluasi di bidang kebijakan strategis pertahanan negara.
Juli-Agustus 2015 45
Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan dipimpin c. perencanaan dan pelaksanaan evaluasi
oleh Direktur Analisa Strategis disebut Dir Anstra kebijakan analisis strategis dalam negeri,
mempunyai tugas merumuskan dan Asia Pasifik, Amerika, Eropa, Afrika,
melaksanakan kebijakan serta standardisasi Organisasi Internasional dan isu global;
teknis, pemberian bimbingan teknis dan evaluasi
di bidang analisis strategis. d. pelaksanaan bimbingan, supervisi kebijakan
analisis strategis; dan
Dalam melaksanakan tugas, Dit Anstra
menyelenggarakan fungsi: e. pelaksanaan administrasi dan
kerumahtanggaan Dit Anstra.
a. perumusan kebijakan di bidang analisis
strategis; Dit Anstra terdiri atas: Subdirektorat Dalam
Negeri; Subdirektorat Asia dan Pasifik; Subdirektorat
b. penyusunan standar, norma, pedoman, Amerika, Eropa dan Afrika; Subdirektorat Organisasi
kriteria dan prosedur di bidang analisis Internasional; Subdirektorat Isu Global; Subbagian
strategis dalam negeri, Asia Pasifik, Amerika, Tata Usaha; dan Kelompok Jabatan Fungsional.
Eropa, Afrika, Organisasi Internasional dan
isu global;
Juli-Agustus 2015 47
Dalam melaksanakan tugas, Dit Wilhan kriteria dan prosedur di bidang perundang-
menyelenggarakan fungsi: undangan pertahanan negara, hukum
a. perumusan kebijakan di bidang penataan internasional, harmonisasi, serta
wilayah pertahanan; penelahaan dan informasi hukum;
www,kemhan.go.id www.dmc.kemhan.go.id
INTERPRETING COMMEMORATION
OF INDONESIA’S INDEPENDENCE
AND STATE DEFENSE EFFORTS
THE BORDER AREAS
AFTER 70 YEARS OF INDONESIA’S
INDEPENDENCE
ENGLISH
39
2
May WIRA magazine July-August 2015 edition be useful for all of us. Last
but not least, Happy 70th Anniversary to Indonesia’s Independence.
Contents
2015 Volume
55/No.39
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
EDITORIAL BOARD
MAIN THOUGHTS ON DEVELOPMENT OF
THE NATIONAL RADAR INDUSTRY
Advisor:
6
Minister of Defense
Secretary General of MoD,
Editor in Chief:
Managing Editor:
Development of the National Radar Industry is an urgent
Col Inf Drs. Silvester Albert Tumbol, need that must be immediately realized.
M.A.,
EFFORTS TO REMANAGE THE AIR SPACE
Editor:
ABOVE RIAU AND NATUNA ISLANDS
Ltc Arm Joko Riyanto, S.Sos, The Indonesian
Mutiara Silaen, S.Ikom., 14 government intends
Graphic Design: and is making efforts
to remanage the air
1st Lt Sus Farah Merila S, S.Kom., space above Riau and
Natuna islands which
to date, are managed
Eko Prasetyo, S.Kom.,
by Singapore (FIR
Singapore; sectors A
Imam Rosyadi,
and C).
Photo:
OPINION
Photografer Public Affairs of MoD,
INTERPRETING COMMEMORATION OF INDONESIA’S
Sirculation: INDEPENDENCE AND STATE DEFENSE EFFORTS
On 17th of August, 2015,
Nadia Maretti, S.Kom, M.M.,
22 we commemorate the 70th
anniversary of the Indonesian
independence. Frenetic
Published by: Public Affairs of MoD, activities to celebrate the
Jl. Merdeka Barat 13-14 Jakarta August 17th take place all over
the country.
4 Volume 55 / No. 39
OPINION
REPORTAGE
July-August 2015 5
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
Article 6 of Law No. 3/2002 on the State Defense government carries a duty and responsibility to
mandates that the state defense is organized build and develop the defense industry, and to make
through efforts to build and develop the country’s it advanced, strong, independent and competitive.
deterrent power capacity and to cope with threats. One of the defense equipments which is capable
To be able to realize respected deterrent power to increase the deterrent power and quite possibly
capacity, support of a strong defense industry is developed domestically is the air defense radar.
needed.
Development of the National Radar Industry
In relation with it, article 7 of Law No. 16/2012 is an urgent need that must be immediately
on the Defense Industry mandates that the realized. In addition to increase the deterrent
6 Volume 55 / No. 39
Development of the
National Radar Industry
is an urgent need that
must be immediately
realized.
July-August 2015 7
specification of the radar produced, can be
changed according to the need with more
guaranteed confidentiality, so that it has
high deterrent power.
12 Volume 55 / No. 39
CONCLUSION
July-August 2015 13
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
EFFORTS TO REMANAGE
THE AIR SPACE
ABOVE RIAU AND NATUNA ISLANDS
by:
Ltc Dr. Marsono M.Si
Staff Officer at Defense of Strategic Analysis of MoD
INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian government intends and
is making efforts to remanage the air space
above Riau and Natuna islands which to date,
are managed by Singapore (FIR Singapore;
sectors A and C).
The most crucial question always posed
by Singapore, neighboring countries and the
international flight community is Indonesia’s islands is not just a “mandate of the law”, but
capacity in managing the air space. Is is expected to be realized. It is a challenge
Indonesia capable of providing air traffic for the Indonesian government to show that
control services to manage the air space Indonesia is capable of providing air traffic
above Riau and Natuna islands? The control services in FIR Singapore.
question is actually more appropriately asked
To support the Indonesian government’s
by the Indonesian government whether it is
intention and efforts to manage the air space
capable of providing air traffic control
above Riau and Natuna islands, the
services. The takeover of air space
Directorate General of Air Transportation has
management above Riau and Natuna
stated that it
14 Volume 55 / No. 39
had prepared a number of air navigation Terminal) which supplies data to Tanjung
radars for the air space control in Riau and Pinang, Batam, Natuna, and other islands,
Natuna islands, such as PSR (Primary including data on flight plans, radar and
Surveillance Radar) and SSR (Secondary telecommunication.
Surveillance Radar). PSR and SSR which
have been prepared include PSR Tanjung Negotiation of the takeover started in 1993
Pinang, PSR Pontianak, and SSR Natuna. and was continued in 2003, yet no result has
Other hard ware which has also been been reached although RAN took place only
prepared includes ER- VHF (Extended every 10 years. The takeover efforts of FIR
Range-Very High Frequency) Air-Ground and Singapore are in line with mandate in Article 458
VSAT (Very Small Aperture
July-August 2015 15
of Law No. 1/2009 on Flight, which reads: provide flight traffic services in their air space.
“The air space of the Republic of Indonesia, of The said air space is called Flight Information
which the flight navigation services are Region (FIR).
delegated to other countries based on an
agreement, must already be evaluated and Indonesia’s air space is divided into three
served by a flight navigation services sectors or FIR zones, including (1) FIR Jakarta,
organizing institution no later than 15 (fifteen) (2) FIR Ujung Pandang and (3) FIR
years since the Law prevails”. Singapore. FIR Jakarta covers Indonesia’s
western air space, from the western part of
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) Kalimantan to the western part of Indonesia
Discussions on the air space management from the western part of Central Java
are inseparable from the Flight Information Province. FIR Ujung Pandang covers
Region (FIR). FIR is the air space within Indonesia’s eastern part of air space. FIR
which flight information services and flight Singapore covers the air space over Riau and
alerting services are provided. Flight Natuna islands.
information services consist of sigmet TAKEOVER EFFORTS
(significant meteorological information) and
airmet (airman’s meteorological information). The air space over Riau and Natuna
Flight alerting services provide information in islands has been dominated by Singapore
case of emergency and coordinate with since 1946 as Indonesia was not capable yet
related authorities to handle emergency. at that time. Pursuant to Articles 1, 2 and 28
Annex 11 of Chicago 1944 Convention and
Providing services for safety in FIR is ICAO recommendation, if incapable,
pursuant to Article 28 and stipulation 2.1.1. Indonesia could delegate the supervision to
Annex 11 of Chicago Convention 1944, Singapore. However, under the stipulation, if
stating that countries of the Chicago a nation is capable of providing facilities and
Convention shall human resources, and of serving and
supervising
Three FIR Zones: FIR Jakarta, FIR Ujung Pandang dan FIR Singapure
16 Volume 55 / No. 39
FIR Singapure (blue) consist of the traffic control over Riau and Natuna Islands
the air space control, it shall be able to take among others Singapore, Malaysia, Australia,
over the control. The stipulation encourages the Philippines, and Timor Leste. Until now,
the Indonesian government to make efforts the air space control above the Indonesian
and intend to take over FIR from Singapore. territory includes FIR Jakarta and FIR Ujung
The efforts have been made stronger by the Pandang; while the air space control adjacent
stipulation in Article 458 of Law No. 1/2009 as to Singapore and Malaysia (located in Riau
mentioned above. and Natuna Islands/sectors A, B and C) is still
Submission of the air traffic control over Riau controlled by Singapore and Malaysia. The
and Natuna islands to Singapore and takeover is still discussed.
Malaysia (Malaysia dominates sector B which Under the United Nations Convention on
jogs with sectors A and C) was result of RAN the Law of the Sea/UNCLOS) 1982, the air
I meeting in Honolulu in 1973. In Annex 11 space above Riau and Natuna Islands are
ICAO, the air traffic services were provided Indonesia’s jurisdiction.
by a nation to prevent any plane crash, to
maintain order in the air traffic, to give Following is a chronology of efforts by the
directions and useful information for flight Indonesian government to take over FIR
safety and efficiency. In addition, it notifies above Riau and Natuna Islands:
related organizations if there are planes in
need of search and rescue. - In the RAN meeting I in Honolulu in
1973, it was decided that the air space
As implementation of the stipulation, above Riau and Natuna Islands is in
based on a regional agreement, the flight the border of FIR Singapore, of which
service regions in Indonesia are divided into the area above 20.000 feet, is
four FIRs, including Jakarta, Bali, Makassar, managed by Singapore and under
and Biak. However, in fact, Indonesia’s air 20.000 feet by Malaysia.
space is partially adjacent with FIR of other
countries,
July-August 2015 17
- With the ratification of UNCLOS in Following a relatively long discussion
1982, according to the archipelago process between Indonesia’s DGAC and
principles, the air space above Riau Singapore’s CAA on the takeover of FIR Jakarta
and Natuna Islands is included in the and FIR Singapore borders, an agreement
territory of the Republic of Indonesia. on the takeover of the said FIR borders was
- In the RAN meeting II in Singapore in signed on September 21st, 1985 in
1983, Indonesia made efforts to Singapore. Matters included in the agreement
change the position as had been are:
agreed in the RAN meeting I. It didn’t - The basis of determining the agreed
succeed. borders is under UNCLOS 1982.
- In the RAN meeting III in Bangkok in - Indonesia’s air space above Natuna
2003, Indonesia made a proposal on Islands is known as sectors A, B and C.
the flight navigation services
development above Natuna Islands - Indonesia delegates the responsibility
and a Working Paper No. 55 on of providing flight navigation services
“Activities planned to
July-August 2015 19
Singaporean governments on the air
space management above Natuna
Islands and to re-assess the MTA
above Indonesia’s territory.
- To follow up the agreement on the
outermost border data of sector B
territory, adjusted to the Government
Regulation No. 38/2002 on the List of
Geographical Coordinate of Starting
Points in the Indonesian islands in
Natuna Sea, that is development of the
territory borders and height of Tanjung
Pinang Control Area.
- To add the height limit above Batam’s
aerodrome traffic zone.
- To re-arrange management of the air
space sectors A, B and C. To support
the operational preparedness of the
air space management above Natuna
Islands, to which DVOR/DME
navigation equipment, VSAT
telecommunication equipment, and
radar observation equipment have
been installed. Radar facilities have
Sumber: businesslounge.co.id
also been installed at Tanjung Pinang.
The human resources (both technical
as well as operational staff) are
gradually prepared. Facilities according
to development of the needs are FIR, including:
continuously enhanced.
- The government of the Republic of
- To settle problems which arise from Indonesia through related ministries and
delegating FIR around Natuna Islands. institutions (the Coordinating Ministry
of Politics Justice and Security, the
- To ask Singapore to also collect RANS Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of
charges in sectors A and C, and to Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of
submit it to Indonesia. Defense, Command of the National Air
Defense, the Indonesian Air Force, the
- To place air traffic guides in
Airnav, and so on) must be integrated
Singapore’s ACC and management in
and have the same commitment to take
Singapore’s CAA.
over FIR, instead of partial efforts of
- To develop Natuna to become an each ministry.
Approach Control Service (ACS)
- The related ministries and institutions
THINGS TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION must make an assessment and
review the roadmap of taking over FIR
In the efforts to take over FIR Singapore, so that the result of the
management above Riau and Natuna Islands assessment and the review will be a
from Singapore, the government of the joint product (internal
Republic of Indonesia must pay attention to ministries/institutions).
things related to the preparedness and
capability to manage - A special desk must be set up to take
20 Volume 55 / No. 39
care of the takeover of FIR Singapore. - To fulfill the obligation of providing
When it’s set up, it must make an flight aviation services, the organizing
assessment and a roadmap as well as institutions of the flight navigation
follow up to the real programs, so that services must work hard to have a
the result can be actualized. standard operating procedure, to
- Related institutions, in this case the operate and maintain the reliability of
Ministry of Transportation/the Ministry the flight navigation facilities according
of Foreign Affairs, make strategic to the standard, to employ licensed
stages of taking over FIR, which will be and certified navigation personnel,
submitted to RAN meetings and ICAO. and to have a supervision and control
mechanism of the services quality
- The Ministry of Transportation, in guarantee.
this case the Directorate General
of Air Transportation, prepares an CLOSING
infrastructure and an air navigation That’s a description on the efforts of the
system according to the international government of the Republic of Indonesia to
standard. It’s to ensure the take over FIR Singapore above Riau and
actualization of aviation management Natuna Islands. I hope that this contribution
which meets with the international will be useful for related parties in the efforts
flight safety and security with to actualize them.***
reference to ICAO regulations.
July-August 2015 21
OPINION
INTERPRETING COMMEMORATION
OF INDONESIA’S
INDEPENDENCE AND STATE
DEFENSE EFFORTS
by :
22 Volume 55 / No. 39
dynamic challenges. In many opportunities, the people. Radicalism, motivated by narrow fanaticism,
Minister of Defense reminds us of both real and will only destroy the nation’s cohesiveness. Not to
unreal threats. Real threats that we are now mention stealing of the natural resources, such
facing are not just military threats but also as illegal fishing, quite detrimental for Indonesia’s
terrorism, radicalism, natural disasters and economy. In addition, the government
stealing of the natural resources. We admit that organization aspect still needs improvement and
we have many achievements and successes in increase, not only related to the slow bureaucracy,
building the nation, but there remain problems that but also to the human resources problem.
need hard work to solve. It is undeniable that
there remain groups of people who ignore Some of the nation’s problems must be wisely
differences in the life of the treated. Commemoration of the Indonesian
independence is a momentum for the whole
nation to be determined to do the best for the
nation and the country. Actualization of the values
“the Republic of Indonesia can and the fighting spirit is very important for
stand firm as a sovereign Indonesia’s development. At present, loyalty
nation thanks to the fight of the should be devoted for the nation’s development in
whole people, from farmers, various sectors. We are expected to fill in the
small traders, fishermen and independence with a variety of development
other elements who defend the activities according to our respective profession.
country” In these activities, the younger generation are
fighting and continuing the fights of the national
heroes.
July-August 2015 23
and love to the nation. The Unitary State of the
It is important for us to see to what extent we
Republic of Indonesia must be prioritized. We
are playing a role in building our beloved nation.
must admit that the democracy process needs
Therefore, according to our respective profession
further improvement. However, one thing for sure,
and occupation, we have our own “enemies” in
we still hold firm to ideals of the proclamation,
the form of duties that we must complete. During
namely independent Indonesia which unites the
the era of struggle, our main and only enemy was
nation.
the colonialists. We did many things to defeat the
colonialists. At present, there is no more enemy. Success to go through the various problems is
What remains is a variety of problems that the result of the people’s hard work. All components
nation must solve, including political, economic, of the nation’s development do the best together.
social cultural or defense-related problems. In a more technical context, each person plays
The political hustle and bustle in the country his/ her own role according to the duty, function,
reemerges as the simultaneous regional general and position in the community. Through the role,
elections are approaching. Various problems follow values of the nation’s fight are actualized. The
the elections, including the readiness, 1945 values are brought into the actual context.
participants, single candidates, even the security The spirit of the nation still exists, in spite of
and order towards and during the elections. The present adjustment.
Indonesian nation has gone through many The people, particularly the younger generation,
political hustles and bustles. The last one was are a generation in the era of 4G technology. The
succession of the national leader in the 2014 current common sight is the generation
elections. Negative and skeptical predictions “engrossed in themselves” with their gadget of
were stated. However, the Indonesian nation various models and brands. Bringing the
could eventually go through the people’s political technology-literate generation to have an insight
festivity securely. It proves that Indonesia is a and love to their country and to be able to
great nation, able to solve various problems by contribute maximally for the nation’s development
prioritizing the sense of nation is quite a challenge. There are many positive
examples of success of the younger generation in
international events, such as
24 Volume 55 / No. 39
scientific Olympics and other international forums. Article 30 paragraph 1 of Constitution 1945
“Whoever masters technology and information, mandates that every citizen are entitled and
will rule the world” does not seem to be a obliged to take part in efforts to defend and secure
baseless slogan. Technology which is not used the country. Paragraph 2 states that efforts to
for positive interests will only destruct the social defend and secure the country are implemented
life. through a defense and security system of the whole
A basic question would be to what extend the nation with the Indonesian Armed Forces and the
younger generation is equipped with an insight Indonesian Police as the main strength and the
of the nation and an awareness of state defense. people as the supporting strength. Article 1
Current state defense is not just lifting arms, paragraph 2 of Law No. 3/2002 on the State
marching or taking part in flag-raising ceremonies. Defense states that the State Defense System is
State defense would be devotion of every people a defense system that involves the whole nation,
in their profession to do the best for their country. region and other national resources, prepared by
During the launching of the state defense day on the government and organized in a total,
December 19th, 2014, Prersident Joko Widodo integrated, directed and continuous way to uphold
stated that “the Republic of Indonesia can stand the country’s sovereignty, the region’s integrity and
firm as a sovereign nation thanks to the fight of safety of the whole nation from all threats.
the whole people, from farmers, small traders, Involvement of the whole nation in the state
fishermen and other elements who defend the defense is therefore mandate of the Law.
country.” The President’s statement reflected how All components of the nation are making
the Indonesian fight involves all elements of the efforts according to their profession to fill the
people, from farmers, traders, to fighters. In the development with innovative and constructive
next struggle to defend the independence, the innovations. President Jokowi further said that
people together with the Indonesian Armed “efforts to fight against illegal fishing, to be
Forces successfully defeat all disturbances economically independent, efforts of teachers,
against the nation’s integrity. Unity of the midwives, and medical workers throughout the
Indonesian Armed Forces and the people is a key country, in the border areas, the outer islands,
of the struggle. are all the state
July-August 2015 25
by among others setting up cadres in regencies
and municipalities to maximize the role of the
local officials. In addition, in various occasions,
the Ministry of Defense officials give guidance,
lectures, dialogue with various elements, including
public and religious figures to always prioritize
common interests. The importance of setting up
unity in diversity is a central theme in meetings or
dialogue with public figures to realize Indonesia’s
integrity. The Ministry of Defense will continuously
make breakthroughs to increase the nation’s
insight and the state defense. However, the efforts
will not succeed without participation of the
related institutions. In addition, the most important
thing is the will and concern of every individual.
July-August 2015 27
OPINION
THE BORDER
AREAS
AFTER 70 YEARS OF
INDONESIA’S INDEPENDENCE
by:
Ltc Joko Riyanto, S.sos
Staff Officer of Public Affairs Office of MoD
28 Volume 55 / No. 39
The clear voice was heard from children in
white and red uniforms, waving Red and White
flags. They stood in line along the street to greet
the Minister of Defense, Ryamizard Ryzcudu, who
was in a visit to the village of Temajuk, Regency of
Sambas, West Kalimantan, last end of January.
The song, sung with all the spirit, felt ironic. How
Border area development using
come? This year, it has been almost 70 years
security belt concept by two kind of
since the independence of Indonesia. However, in approaches, fisrt: security approach,
reality, the country’s sovereignty, namely the second: prosperity approach
country’s border areas, is not settled.
July-August 2015 29
Photo credit by:yon744.blogspot.com
30 Volume 55 / No. 39
significant impacts to the According to the grand design of the
country’s defense system, timber National Agency of Border Management
theft, human smuggling, (BNPP), the country’s borders and the
terrorism and weaponry, as well border areas are managed by using a
as narcotics trafficking. So far, prosperity-oriented approach, executed
the cross border crimes are with two other approaches which are
dominated by human smuggling oriented on security and the
(18 cases), illegal trading (17 environment.
cases), and one case of
weaponry as well as one case of Prosperity-oriented approach is an
narcotics. effort which is conducted based on
development of economic and trade
The border issue between activities to increase people’s welfare in
Indonesia – Malaysia is far from the border areas. The development is
settlement. After Indonesia’s directed on superior commodities-basis
diplomatic defeat in Sipadan at each border area and its surroundings.
and Ligitan case, the sea border A spatial prosperity approach is reflected
at Ambalat Block and Tanjung through development of major cities in
Datu remains a latent issue. the border areas, which will boost
Meanwhile, land borders also economic growth in areas around the
remain a problem. At Kotis country’s borders.
Entikong post, for instance, there
remain five segments of conflicts Security-oriented approach sees the
between the two countries, border areas as areas directly next to
including Sei Buan Gunung other countries. In addition, sea border
Jagoi, Gunung Raya, Batu Aum, areas play a vital role for the economy
D 400, and Camar Bulan. There of many nations as they are track of the
are also varied cases, from a world trade in which there are huge natural
survey which has not been resources. Securing and protecting efforts
agreed yet by both countries, to mean to realize a condition of controlled
condition on the field which is not national jurisdiction water which can be
in accordance with the London taken advantage for the national interest.
1928 Convention as a reference. Therefore, in addition to areas with a
strategic value for the region’s unity, the
The Indonesia – Malaysia security-oriented approach also sees the
border is indeed a chronic issue. border areas as protecting the national
The government has actually marine development. In the land border
set up the National Agency of areas, the concept of defense and
Border Management (BNPP), security being developed is to set up a
of which the members come security belt, the country’s borders, in the
from ministries and institutions. However, to optimize form of buffer areas or security zones as
coordination between the lines, a binding regulation of supervision areas.
the related institutions is needed. It would be absurd if
only members of the Indonesian Armed Forces defend Therefore, the Ministry of Defense
the sovereignty. On the other hand, we must will build a road along the border areas
appreciate them, who, during their patrol, walk along which will be connected with small
muddy roads so that it takes them 2 hours to travel the streets in villages along the border areas.
4-kilometer distance by motorcycle to reach Sungai It is hoped that the infrastructure project
Beruang area. Or, the border patrol at Klawik post at will turn the borderline to be more open.
Lanjak village, district of Lanjak, Regency of Kapuas Additional posts will also simplify patrols
Hulu, which takes 2 weeks to go into the woods. of the Indonesian Armed Forces.
July-August 2015 31
photo credit by: tniad.mil.id
July-August 2015 33
REPORTAGE
MINISTER OF DEFE
Every country has border areas. The
border areas show or mark the country’s
territory. The form of the borders can be
NORTH KALIMANT
various. It can be land or sea border. by :
What about Indonesia’s border areas? M. Adi Wibowo
Indonesia is a maritime country, where Staff of Public Affairs office of MoD
two third of the territory is waters. It is no
wonder then if Indonesia’s sea borders
are connected with 10 countries, while the
land borders are connected with 3
countries.
July-August 2015 35
During his visit, President Jokowi walked as As a high official in President Joko Widodo’s
far as 400 meters to the border post, and Kabinet Kerja, the minister is in charge of the
climbed the highest tower of the Sei Pancang efforts to uphold Indonesia’s sovereignty at the
border post, at Sebatik Island. On the tower, border areas with other countries.
President Jokowi met with two soldiers of the
Upon his arrival at Sebatik Island on board
Indonesian Navy, who were completely ready.
Bell-412 helicopter, the Minister of Defense and
During this occasion, in addition to asking their
his entourage directly went to the marine post at
health condition, President Jokowi also asked
Sei Bajo, the sea border post of the Indonesian
about activity and task.
Navy at Sei Pancang, the post at Aji Kuning and
Following the President’s visit to the border, Simanggaris Baru. During his visit, the Minister
it was the Minister of Defense, Ryamizard said that the visit was aimed at directly observing
Ryacudu’s turn to visit the border area in condition of the border posts and to obtain first-
Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan.
36 Volume 55 / No. 39
services. As stated by the Minister of Defense,
the central government pays attention to the
border areas as they are one of the efforts to
strengthen defense of the nation’s sovereignty at
the country’s gate, a non-negotiable obligation.
July-August 2015 37
The region in which chip detectors have
been installed is West Kalimantan, amounting
to 10 units. North Kalimantan and other regions
will follow. In North Kalimantan, 50 units of chip
detectors are being installed in every pole. It is
planned that chip detectors will be installed in all
border regions. However, the installment will be
gradual.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
38 Volume 55 / No. 39
that the most important factor to guard the border any other threats. In front of the people, the
areas is unity of all the existing elements, from minister touched on the narcotics circulation at
the people, the local government, the Indonesian the Indonesia-Malaysia border. Through the
Armed Forces and the Indonesian Police, to solve border, many negative things are done,
all problems. including narcotics. The Indonesian Armed
Despite the absence of problems, the Minister Forces and the Indonesian Police as well as the
of Defense reminded the people to be aware of people can help solve the negative things. The
Minister of Defense firmly stated the danger of
narcotics for
July-August 2015 39
the younger generation, which may harm
themselves, other people and the nation.
40 Volume 55 / No. 39
There was an interesting thing during Minister Ryamizard
Ryacudu’s visit to the borders security post. The character
of a leader so close with their troops at the field with an equal
treatment. A Minister of Defense willingly spent the night at
the barrack of the border security troops. The initial respect
atmosphere changed to togetherness between the leader and
the troops under his leadership.
July-August 2015 41
42 Volume 55 / No. 39