www,kemhan.go.id
www.dmc.kemhan.go.id
MEMAKNAI PERINGATAN
KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA
DAN UPAYA BELA NEGARA
WILAYAH PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN
INDONESIA MERDEKA
Juli-Agustus 2015 1
Indonesia
2
MENHAN DAN SEGENAP WARGA
KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
MENGUCAPKAN
DIRGAHAYU RI KE 70
JAYALAH INDONESIA
Kembali tim redaksi WIRA edisi Juli–Agustus 2015 ini menyuguhkan artikel
menarik mengenai perayaan 70 tahun Indonesia merdeka dan bagaimana
wilayah perbatasan saat ini setelah 70 tahun merdeka dan yang menarik adalah
hasil blusukan Menhan ke wilayah perbatasan Kaltara. Kemandirian industri
radar merupakan langkah yang harus segera di wujudkan agar seluruh wilayah
Indonesia tercover termasuk upaya dan langkah untuk pengelolaan wilayah
udara di atas wilayah Kepri dan Natuna. Dalam profil satuan disajikan artikel
tentang Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan Kemhan. Mulai edisi ini Wira telah
merubah tampilan sesuai saran dan masukan dari pembaca yang telah masuk
ke meja redaksi yaitu Bahasa Indonesia dari halaman depan dan Bahasa Inggris
dari halaman belakang.
Semoga majalah WIRA edisi Juli– Agustus 2015 ini dapat memberikan manfaat
bagi kita semua dan tak lupa tim redaksi mengucapkan Dirgahayu Kemerdekaan
Republik Indonesia yang ke 70.
Juli-Agustus 2015 3
Juli-Agustus 2015
Volume 55/No.39
Daftar isi
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
DEWAN REDAKSI
POKOK POKOK PIKIRAN TENTANG
Pelindung/Penasihat: PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI RADAR NASIONAL
Menteri Pertahanan 6
Sekjen Kemhan,
Pemimpin Umum:
Pemimpin Redaksi:
Pembangunan Industri Radar Nasional adalah sebuah
Kolonel Inf Drs. Silvester Albert Tumbol,
kebutuhan mendesak yang penting dan dapat segera
M.A.,
diwujudkan.
Redaksi:
UPAYA PENGELOLAAN KEMBALI WILAYAH UDARA
Letkol Arm Joko Riyanto, S.Sos, DIATAS KEPULAUAN RIAU DAN NATUNA
Pemerintah RI berkeinginan
Mutiara Silaen, S.Ikom., 14 dan berupaya untuk
mengelola kembali ruang
Desain Grafis: udara di atas Kepulauan
Riau dan Natuna yang
Lettu Sus Farah Merila S, S.Kom., selama ini dikelola oleh
Singapura (FIR Singapura:
Eko Prasetyo, S.Kom., sektor A dan C).
Imam Rosyadi,
Foto: OPINI
WILAYAH PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN INDONESIA MERDEKA
LIPUTAN
MENGENAL KEMHAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 5
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
Pasal 6 Undang Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2002 Dalam kaitan itu, pasal 7 Undang Undang
tentang Pertahanan Negara mengamanatkan Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 tentang Industri Pertahanan
bahwa Pertahanan negara diselenggarakan mengamanatkan bahwa Pemerintah mempunyai
melalui usaha membangun dan membina tugas dan tanggung jawab membangun dan
kemampuan, daya tangkal negara dan bangsa, mengembangkan Industri Pertahanan untuk menjadi
serta menanggulangi setiap ancaman. Untuk maju, kuat, mandiri, dan berdaya saing. Salah satu
dapat mewujudkan kemampuan yang memiliki alat pertahanan yang dapat meningkatkan efek daya
daya tangkal yang disegani, perlu dukungan tangkal dan sangat mungkin dikembangkan di dalam
Industri Pertahanan yang kuat. negeri peralatan Radar pertahanan udara (Hanud).
Juli-Agustus 2015 7
yang rendah. Sebaliknya, apabila peralatan yang memadai dan kemampuannya dapat
Radar yang dibangun dan dioperasikan memodifikasi sesuai kebutuhan akan
memiliki kemampuan dan spesifikasi meningkatkan kemampuan operasi yang
teknis yang tinggi, maka akan memiliki dilaksanakan.
deterrent power yang lebih tinggi. Dengan
membangun Industri Radar Nasional maka 3.
Mendorong Perekonomian Nasional.
kemampuan dan spesifikasi teknis peralatan Peralatan Radar digunakan secara luas
Radar yang diproduksi dapat diubah sesuai untuk berbagai kepentingan seperti Radar
kebutuhan dengan tingkat kerahasiaan yang Hanud, Radar untuk Bandara, Radar kapal
lebih terjamin, sehingga memiliki deterrent dan pesawat udara serta Radar untuk
power yang tinggi. keperluan lainnya seperti Radar pantai dan
cuaca. Dengan wilayah Indonesia yang
2. Meningkatkan kemampuan Operasional. luas, maka Indonesia mengoperasikan
Radar memiliki peran penting baik peralatan Radar dalam jumlah yang cukup
untuk kebutuhan militer seperti dalam besar yang masih didominasi oleh produk
pelaksanaan operasi Hanud maupun untuk luar negeri. Hal ini mengakibatkan setiap
kebutuhan non militer. Peralatan Radar tahun Indonesia mengeluarkan anggaran
Hanud adalah merupakan mata dalam devisa yang cukup besar untuk mendukung
upaya mempertahankan kedaulatan negara pengadaan dan pemeliharaan Radar
di udara sehingga perlu beroperasi terus terutama Radar Hanud dan Radar Bandara.
menerus. Untuk dapat berfungsi secara Pembangunan Industri Radar Nasioanl akan
optimal, spesifikasi teknis peralatan perlu menghemat pengeluaran anggaran devisa
dibangun sesuai kebutuhan operasi Hanud tersebut. Selanjutnya, dengan kebutuhan
di Indonesia serta tingkat kerahasian peralatan Radar dalam negeri yang cukup
Juli-Agustus 2015 9
KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI MEMBANGUN
INDUSTRI RADAR NASIONAL
a.
Pabrikan yang Radarnya Memenuhi
Kebutuhan Operasi Hanud.
3.
Strategi Pembangunan Pabrikan Radar.
Disamping pemilihan pabrikan, perlu
merumuskan strategi pembangunan Pabrikan
Radar Nasional sebagai berikut:
Juli-Agustus 2015 11
Sumber: analisismiliter.com
multi years untuk 16 unit Radar Hanud. dengan penghematan devisa dan penyerapan
Selanjutnya, Industri Radar Nasional yang tenaga kerja. Untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut maka
disarankan dalam bentuk Joint Venture dalam program pengadaan 4 unit Radar Hanud
antara Industri Pertahanan Indonesia dengan yang sedang berlangsung, perlu memilih pabrikan
pabrikan Radar yang terpilih merumuskan peralatan Radar yang spesifikasi teknis Radarnya
rencana jangka panjang operasional Industri memenuhi kebutuhan operasi Hanud, menawarkan
Radar Nasional. program ahli teknologi yang paling kompeherensif
dan memiliki komitmen untuk mendukung
e. Memberdayakan Produk Industri Radar pembangunan Industri Radar Nasional. Selanjutnya,
Nasional. Pasal 8 Ayat 3 Undang-Undang perlu mensinergikan dan memberdayakan sumber
Nomor 16 Tahun 2012 tentang Industri daya dalam negeri termasuk pemanfaatan fasilitas
Pertahanan mengamanatkan pengguna dan infrastruktur TNI AU (Depo Pemeliharaan
wajib menggunakan alat peralatan Radar) untuk menfasilitasi kebutuhan di awal
pertahanan dan keamanan yang telah dapat program serta merumuskan payung hukum pada
diproduksi di Industri Pertahanan dalam level operasional yang dapat digunakan sebagai
negeri. Implementasi peraturan tersebut pedoman jangka panjang pembangunan dan
sangat diperlukan, Karena untuk mampu pemberdayaan Industri Radar Nasional. Apabila
bertahan dan bersaing dengan industri konsep tersebut dapat dilakukan maka dalam kurun
luar negeri, maka produk pabrikan Radar waktu sekitar 3 tahun, cikal bakal Industri Radar
dalam negeri harus diberdayakan secara Nasional akan dapat terwujud.***
maksimal. Dengan demikian, komitmen
dari segenap pengguna perlatan Radar
untuk menggunakan produk industri Radar
Nasional sangat diperlukan.
KESIMPULAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 13
GAGASAN TENTANG PERTAHANAN
PENDAHULUAN
Juli-Agustus 2015 15
tiap sepuluh tahun sekali. Upaya pengambilalihan Pemberian pelayanan untuk keselamatan di
FIR Singapura tersebut sejalan dengan yang FIR tersebut didasarkan atas ketentuan Pasal 28
diamanatkan dalam Pasal 458 UU No. 1 Tahun dan ketentuan 2.1.1. Annex 11 Konvensi Chicago
2009 tentang Penerbangan yaitu: “Wilayah udara 1944, yaitu Negara Pihak Konvensi Chicago harus
Republik Indonesia, yang pelayanan navigasi memberikankan pelayanan lalu lintas penerbangan
penerbangannya didelegasikan kepada negara lain wilayah udaranya. Wilayah udara dimaksud disebut
berdasarkan perjanjian sudah harus dievaluasi dan Flight Information Region (FIR).
dilayani oleh lembaga penyelenggara pelayanan
navigasi penerbangan paling lambat 15 (lima belas) Wilayah udara Indonesia dibagi dalam tiga
tahun sejak Undang-Undang ini berlaku”. sektor atau zonasi FIR, yaitu: (1) FIR Jakarta,
(2) FIR Ujung Pandang dan (3) FIR Singapura.
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) FIR Jakarta meliputi wilayah udara bagian barat
Indonesia: mulai bagian barat Pulau Kalimantan
Pembahasan tentang pengelolaan ruang udara
hingga bagian barat Indonesia. FIR Ujung Pandang
tidak terlepas dengan Flight Information Region
meliputi wilayah udara bagian timur Indonesia. FIR
disingkat FIR. FIR adalah wilayah udara yang
Singapura meliputi wilayah udara Kepulauan Riau
di dalam wilayah udara tersebut diberikan flight
dan Natuna.
information services dan flight alerting services.
Pemberian pelayanan ini untuk keselamatan UPAYA PENGAMBILALIHAN
penerbangan. Flight information services terdiri dari
SIGMET (significant meteorological information) Pengendalian ruang udara di atas Kepulauan
dan AIRMET (airman’s meteorological information). Riau dan Natuna sudah dikuasai Singapura
Sedangkan flight alerting services, antara lain sejak 1946. Hal tersebut terjadi karena ketika itu
memberikan informasi jika ada keadaan darurat, Indonesia belum mampu. Berdasarkan ketentuan
mengadakan koordinasi dengan otoritas terkait pasal 1, 2 dan 28 Annex 11 Konvensi Chicago 1944
untuk menangani keadaan darurat. dan rekomendasi ICAO bahwa jika tidak mampu,
Tiga zonasi FIR: FIR Jakarta, FIR Ujung Pandang dan FIR Singapura
Indonesia dapat mendelegasikan pengawasan kepada organisasi terkait jika ada pesawat udara
tersebut kepada Singapura. Tetapi dalam ketentuan memerlukan bantuan pencarian dan pertolongan.
itu disebutkan, jika suatu negara sudah mampu
Sebagai implementasi ketentuan itu,
menyediakan fasilitas, sumber daya manusia,
berdasarkan kesepakatan secara regional, wilayah
melayani dan mengawasi wilayah pengendalian
pelayanan penerbangan di Indonesia dibagi
udara (Flight Information Region/FIR), negara
menjadi empat FIR, yakni Jakarta, Bali, Makassar
tersebut dapat mengambil alih pengendalian
dan Biak. Akan tetapi, nyatanya sebagian ruang
itu. Ketentuan tersebut membuat pemerintah
udara di Indonesia berbatasan dengan FIR negara
RI berupaya dan lebih berkeinginan untuk
lain, di antaranya Singapura, Malaysia, Australia,
mengambilalih FIR dari Singapura. Upaya tersebut
Filipina dan Timor Leste. Hingga kini pengendalian
diperkuat dengan adanya ketentuan dalam Pasal
ruang udara di atas wilayah Indonesia menjadi
458 Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 seperti
FIR Jakarta dan FIR Ujung Pandang. Sedangkan
yang disebutkan di atas.
pengendalian ruang udara yang berbatasan dengan
Penyerahan pengaturan lalu lintas udara pada Singapura dan Malaysia (terletak di Kepulauan Riau
ruang udara di atas Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna dan Natuna sektor A, B, dan C) masih dikendalikan
ke Singapura dan Malaysia (Malaysia menguasai oleh Singapura dan Malaysia dan masih dalam
sektor B yang juga bersinggungan dengan sektor A pembicaraan untuk pengambilalihannya.
dan C) merupakan hasil RAN Meeting I di Honolulu
Menurut Konvensi PBB tentang Hukum Laut
pada tahun 1973. Sebenarnya dalam Annex
(United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea/
11 ICAO, pelayanan lalu lintas udara diberikan
UNCLOS) 1982, ruang udara di atas Kepulauan
secara otoritas negara, maksudnya mencegah
Riau dan Natuna merupakan wilayah yurisdiksi
tabrakan antar pesawat, menjaga kelancaran dan
Indonesia.
ketertiban lalu lintas udara, memberikan petunjuk
dan informasi bermanfaat bagi keselamatan dan Berikut ini disampaikan kronologis berbagai
efisiensi penerbangan. Selain itu, memberitahukan upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah RI dalam
Juli-Agustus 2015 17
pengambilalihan FIR di atas Kepulauan Riau dan membuat Working Paper Nomor 55 tentang
Natuna, sebagai berikut: “Kegiatan yang akan direncanakan untuk
dilaksanakan di atas Kepulauan Natuna” dan
- Pada RAN meeting I di Honolulu tahun
akan meninjau ulang batas FIR. Pertemuan
1973 diputuskan bahwa ruang udara di
menyepakati bahwa Working Paper Nomor
atas Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna adalah
55 tersebut dapat diterima, namun dengan
dalam batas FIR Singapura, di mana untuk
adanya Counter Paper oleh Singapura, maka
pengelolaannya di atas ketinggian 20.000
ICAO menyarankan agar dibicarakan secara
kaki oleh Singapura sedangkan 20.000 kaki
bilateral antara Singapura dan Indonesia.
ke bawah oleh Malaysia.
Setelah melalui proses pembahasan yang
- Dengan disahkannya UNCLOS tahun 1982,
cukup lama antara DGAC Indonesia dan CAA
sesuai dengan asas negara kepulauan,
Singapura mengenai pengalihan batas FIR Jakarta
maka ruang udara di atas Kepulauan Riau
dan FIR Singapura, pada tanggal 21 September
dan Natuna termasuk teritorial Negara
1995 di Singapura telah ditandatangani perjanjian
Kesatuan Republik Indonesia.
pengalihan batas FIR dimaksud. Hal-hal pokok
- Pada RAN meeting II di Singapura pada yang dicakup dalam perjanjian tersebut adalah:
Juli-Agustus 2015 19
RENCANA TINDAK LANJUT PEMERINTAH RI
Juli-Agustus 2015 21
OPINI
MEMAKNAI PERINGATAN
KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA
DAN UPAYA BELA NEGARA
Oleh :
Juli-Agustus 2015 23
kemerdekaan Indonesia menjadi momen bagi Hingar bingar politik di tanah air menggeliat lagi
segenap komponen bangsa untuk bertekad berbuat seiring dengan makin mendekatnya pelaksanaan
yang terbaik bagi bangsa dan Negara. Aktualisasi Pilkada serentak. Berbagai persoalan ikutan baik
nilai-nilai dan semangat perjuangan sangat penting kesiapan pilkada, peserta pilkada, calon tunggal
untuk pembangunan Indonesia. Medan pengabdian bahkan keamanan dan ketertiban menjelang dan
saat ini adalah pembangunan bangsa di berbagai saat pelaksanaan Pilkada. Bangsa Indonesia
sektor kehidupan. Mengisi kemerdekaan dengan telah mengalami berbagai hiruk pikuk politik.
berbagai kegiatan pembangunan sesuai dengan Bukti terakhir adalah pelaksanaan suksesi
profesi masing-masing menjadi sesuatu yang Kepemimpinan Nasional pada Pemilu tahun 2014.
diharapkan. Dalam kegiatan inilah para generasi Berbagai ramalan negatif dan skeptis tentang
muda berjuang dan meneruskan panji perjuangan pelaksanaan Pemilu 2014 dilontarkan, namun
para pendahulu pahlawan bangsa. pada akhirnya bangsa Indonesia dapat melewati
masa-masa pesta politik rakyat tersebut dengan
Penting bagi kita untuk melihat sejauh mana
aman. Ini membuktikan bahwa bangsa Indonesia
peran yang telah dijalankan dalam membangun
adalah bangsa yang besar dan mampu mengatasi
bangsa yang tercinta, Indonesia. Dengan
berbagai persoalan dengan mengedepankan
demikian masing-masing kita sesuai profesi dan
rasa kebangsaan dan cinta tanah air. NKRI
pekerjaannya memiliki “musuh” sendiri-sendiri
harus dikedepankan. Diakui bahwa persoalan
dalam bentuk tugas yang harus diselesaikan. Pada
politik bangsa masih perlu pembenahan. Proses
jaman perjuangan, musuh utama dan terutama
berdemokrasi masih membutuhkan perbaikan
hanya satu yaitu penjajah. Berbagai cara diarahkan
di sana sini. Tetapi satu hal yang pasti cita-cita
untuk mengalahkan musuh penjajah tersebut.
proklamasi mewujudkan Indonesia merdeka terus
Saat ini musuh penjajah tidak ada lagi. Yang ada
dipegang dan menjadi pemersatu bangsa.
adalah berbagai permasalahan bangsa yang harus
dipecahkan baik politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya Keberhasilan melewati berbagai permasalahan
ataupun yang berkaitan dengan pertahanan. bangsa adalah hasil kerja keras semua anak
Juli-Agustus 2015 25
untuk berdiri di kaki sendiri secara ekonomi, para
guru, bidan dan tenaga kesehatan yang tengah
berjuang melakukan tugasnya di pelosok tanah
air di kawasan perbatasan, di pulau-pulau terluar,
kesemua tindakan tersebut adalah tindakan Bela
Negara. Disamping itu upaya melawan kemiskinan,
keterbelakangan dan kertinggalan serta upaya
melawan korupsi di semua tingkatan merupakan
wujud pembelaan kita pada Negara.” Presiden
Jokowi menegaskan bahwa “Bela Negara memiliki
spektrum yang sangat luas di berbagai bidang
kehidupan, mulai dari politik, ekonomi, sosial dan
budaya. Bela Negara bisa dilakukan oleh setiap
warga negara dari berbagai latar belakan profesi;
mulai dari petani, buruh, professional sampai
dengan pedagang. Bela Negara bisa diwujudkan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sesuai peran dan
profesi warga negara.”
***Dirgahayu Indonesia***
Juli-Agustus 2015 27
OPINI
WILAYAH
PERBATASAN
SETELAH 70 TAHUN
INDONESIA MERDEKA
Oleh:
Juli-Agustus 2015 29
sumber: yon744.blogspot.com
Juli-Agustus 2015 31
sumber: tniad.mil.id
terbuka. Penambahan pos-pos juga akan lebih dan merenovasi 22 pos TNI serta jalan pasir-batu 64
memudahkan patroli TNI. kilometer yang menghubungkan desa-desa dengan
pos perbatasan.
Pembangunan akan dilaksanakan oleh TNI
bekerja sama dengan masyarakat setempat. Direktur Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan Kementerian
Untuk 2015, direncanakan pembangunan Pertahanan Mayjen TNI Yoedhi Swastanto mengatakan,
100 kilometer jalan inspeksi dan patroli. untuk menjaga perbatasan, Kementerian Pertahanan
Jalan selebar 3-4 meter ini terbuat dari pasir juga akan memasang chip di 100 patok perbatasan.
dan batu serta jarak dari patok 20-30 meter. Selain itu, pesawat tanpa awak taktis sebanyak 60 unit
Selain itu, direncanakan membangun 25 pos akan digunakan untuk memantau perbatasan. Untuk
Juli-Agustus 2015 33
LIPUTAN
batas yang bergeser, pelanggaran lintas batas Sikap yang diambil pun langsung mengarah
oleh masyarakat perbatasan, terjadinya tindak kepada pengamatan dan pemantauan langsung ke
kriminalitas seperti penyelundupan narkoba, daerah perbatasan. Bulan Desember tahun 2014
barang sembako, illegal logging, dan human Presiden Jokowi dengan rombongan yang terbatas
trafficking. Serentetan permasalahan tersebut meninjau pos-pos perbatasan yang berada di Pulau
lambat laun akan menimbulkan permasalahan Sebatik Kalimantan Utara.
Juli-Agustus 2015 35
Selepas landas dari Nunukan Presiden yang bersiaga. Dalam kesempatan ini, selain
Jokowi menuju Pulau Sebatik Kalimantan Utara menanyakan kesehatan kedua prajurit tersebut,
dengan menggunakan Helikopter Super Puma Presiden Jokowi juga menanyakan aktifitas selama
TNI AU. Selama di Pulau Sebatik, Presiden berada di pos menara.
Jokowi dan Ibu Negara meninjau Pos Kotis
Marinir di Sei Bajo, Kecamatan Sebatik Timur, Kunjungan Presiden tersebut merupakan
Tanah Kuning, Patok II dan Pos Angkatan Laut komitmen untuk mewujudkan Nawacita ketiga,
Sungai Pancang. yaitu membangun Indonesia dari pinggiran dengan
memperkuat daerah-daerah dan desa dalam
Selama kunjungannnya tersebut Presiden kerangka negara kesatuan.
Jokowi juga sempat berjalan kaki sejauh 400
meter menuju Pos Perbatasan, dan selanjutnya Usai peninjauan Presiden, Menteri Pertahanan
menaiki menara Pos Perbatasan Sei Pancang Ryamizard Ryacudu melaksanakan kunjungan
di Pulau Sebatik. Di atas menara, Presiden ke wilayah perbatasan di Kabupaten Nunukan
Jokowi bertemu dengan dua prajurit TNI AL Kalimantan Utara.
Juli-Agustus 2015 37
Pada saat yang bersamaan, Menhan Wilayah yang sudah terpasang chip detector
juga menyampaikan rencana pembangunan ialah Kalimantan Barat terdiri sebanyak 10 unit.
jalan yang dimulai dari Kalimantan Barat Pemasangan chip detector di area Kaltara dan
dan dilanjutkan sampai Kalimantan Timur. daerah lainnya segera menyusul. Sedangkan
Bersamaan dengan itu akan dibuat juga jalan untuk Kaltara sendiri sedang dalam pemasangan
yang sejajar dengan perbatasan. TNI AD 50 unit chip detector. Rencana ini akan dipasang
sebagai pelaksana telah melakukan proses diseluruh perbatasan, namun akan dilakukan
pembangunan tersebut disepanjang Kalimantan secara bertahap.
Barat hingga Kalimantan Utara.
Patok perbatasan berteknologi chip bertujuan
PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI CANGGIH mengantisipasi pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh
negara tetangga yang mengancam kedaulatan
Disamping penambahan pos dan
NKRI. Fungsi alat tersebut juga mengontrol setiap
pembangunan jalan, pemerintah Indonesia
upaya pergeseran patok oleh negara tetangga agar
juga akan menggunakan peralatan berteknologi
bisa langsung terdeteksi melalui pengiriman sinyal
canggih untuk mendukung pengamanan wilayah
berbentuk data kepada kontrol operator, sehingga
perbatasan. Mulai dengan memodernisasi
jika patok bergeser sedikit saja maka akan langsung
patok batas negara yang ditanam di kawasan
diketahui.
perbatasan. Teknologi super canggih berupa
pemasangan chip detector pada patok batas Selain penggunaan teknologi chip detector,
ini sebagai cara memonitor garis batas wilayah kedepannya pengawasan perbatasan juga didukung
agar tidak lagi mengalami permasalah dengan dengan pesawat tanpa awak atau Drone. Namun
negara tetangga. penggunaan Drone harus dilengkapi dengan Posko
Juli-Agustus 2015 39
masyarakat Menhan menyinggung persoalan Pamtas RI-Malaysia dari Yonif Linud 433/Julu
peredaran narkoba yang terjadi diperbatasan Siri yang dikomandani oleh Letkol. Inf. Agustinus
RI-Malaysia. Aparat TNI dan Polisi serta Sitepu. Ditengah-tengah dialog Dansatgas Pamtas
masyarakat dapat saling membantu mengatasi Yonif Linud 433/JS, Letkol. Inf. Agustinus Sitepu
hal tersebut. Menhan menegaskan bahaya menyampaikan beberapa tugas yang diemban
masuknya narkoba harus diberantas karena pasukan yang dipimpinnya. Adapun tugas tersebut
sangat berbahaya bagi generasi muda yang adalah mengamankan daerah perbatasan RI-
berakibat akan merusak diri sendiri, orang lain Malaysia, memelihara dan meningkatkan stabilitas
dan bangsa. keamanan, mengawasi dan mencegah setiap
terjadinya kerusakan dan pergeseran patok batas
BERMALAM DI BARAK POS PAMTAS
negara, mencegah tindakan ilegal dan melakukan
Usai memberikan pengarahan kepada pembinaan teritorial di sekitar daerah pos
masyarakat desa Aji Kuning, Menhan beserta perbatasan.
rombongan meneruskan peninjauannya ke
Hal yang sangat menarik selama kunjungan
pos Pamtas di daerah Simanggaris Baru. Saat
Menhan Ryamizard Ryacudu di pos pengamanan
berada di Simanggaris Baru selain meletakkan
perbatasan adalah bagaimana karakter seorang
batu pertama pembangunan pos, Menhan juga
Pemimpin yang sangat dekat dengan para
berbincang dengan sejumlah anggota Satgas
pasukan dilapangan tanpa ada ruang dan jarak
Juli-Agustus 2015 41
MENGENAL KEMHAN
PROFIL
DIREKTORAT
JENDERAL
STRATEGI
PERTAHANAN
KEMHAN
Kedudukan, Tugas dan Fungsi
1.
perumusan kebijakan di
bidang penyelenggaraan
strategi pertahanan
negara;
2. pelaksanaan kebijakan di
bidang penyelenggaraan
strategi pertahanan
Juli-Agustus 2015 43
Direktorat Kebijakan Strategi. Direktorat Kebijakan Strategi
selanjutnya disebut Direktorat Jakstra adalah unsur pelaksana
tugas dan fungsi Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan,
dipimpin oleh Direktur Kebijakan Strategi disebut Dir Jakstra
mempunyai tugas merumuskan dan melaksanakan kebijakan
serta standardisasi teknis, pemberian bimbingan teknis dan
evaluasi di bidang kebijakan strategis pertahanan negara.
b.
perumusan standar, norma, pedoman, kriteria dan
prosedur di bidang kebijakan umum pertahanan negara,
kebijakan penyelenggaraan pertahanan negara,
pembinaan doktrin dan kebijakan pelaksanaan;
d.
pemberian bimbingan, supervisi dan perizinan di
bidang kebijakan umum pertahanan negara, kebijakan
penyelenggaraan pertahanan negara, pembinaan
doktrin serta kebijakan pelaksanaan;
Juli-Agustus 2015 45
Direktorat Jenderal Strategi Pertahanan dipimpin c.
perencanaan dan pelaksanaan evaluasi
oleh Direktur Analisa Strategis disebut Dir Anstra kebijakan analisis strategis dalam negeri,
mempunyai tugas merumuskan dan melaksanakan Asia Pasifik, Amerika, Eropa, Afrika,
kebijakan serta standardisasi teknis, pemberian Organisasi Internasional dan isu global;
bimbingan teknis dan evaluasi di bidang analisis
strategis. d. pelaksanaan bimbingan, supervisi kebijakan
analisis strategis; dan
Dalam melaksanakan tugas, Dit Anstra
menyelenggarakan fungsi: e. pelaksanaan administrasi dan
kerumahtanggaan Dit Anstra.
a.
perumusan kebijakan di bidang analisis
strategis; Dit Anstra terdiri atas: Subdirektorat Dalam
Negeri; Subdirektorat Asia dan Pasifik; Subdirektorat
b.
penyusunan standar, norma, pedoman, Amerika, Eropa dan Afrika; Subdirektorat Organisasi
kriteria dan prosedur di bidang analisis Internasional; Subdirektorat Isu Global; Subbagian
strategis dalam negeri, Asia Pasifik, Amerika, Tata Usaha; dan Kelompok Jabatan Fungsional.
Eropa, Afrika, Organisasi Internasional dan
isu global;
g.
pelaksanaan administrasi dan
kerumahtanggaan Dit Kersin.
Juli-Agustus 2015 47
Dalam melaksanakan tugas, Dit Wilhan kriteria dan prosedur di bidang perundang-
menyelenggarakan fungsi: undangan pertahanan negara, hukum
internasional, harmonisasi, serta
a. perumusan kebijakan di bidang penataan
penelahaan dan informasi hukum;
wilayah pertahanan;
c. pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kebijakan strategi
b. perumusan standar, norma, pedoman,
pertahanan di bidang perundang-undangan
kriteria dan prosedur di bidang survei dan
pertahanan negara, hukum internasional,
pemetaan, penegasan dan delimitasi batas,
harmonisasi, serta penelahaan dan
tata ruang dan geoinformasi;
informasi hukum;
c. pelaksanaan dan evaluasi kebijakan di
d. pemberian bimbingan, supervisi dan
bidang tata ruang survei dan pemetaan,
perizinan di bidang perundang-undangan
penegasan dan delimitasi batas dan
pertahanan negara, hukum internasional,
geoinformasi;
harmonisasi, serta penelahaan dan
d. pemberian bimbingan, supervisi dan informasi hukum; dan
perizinan di bidang survei dan pemetaan,
e. pelaksanaan administrasi dan
dan kerjasama survei dan pemetaan,
kerumahtanggaan Dir Tur Peruu.
penegasan dan delimitasi batas, tata ruang
dan geoinformasi; dan Dit Tur Peruu terdiri atas: Subdirektorat Regulasi;
Subdirektorat Hukum Internasional; Subdirektorat
e. pelaksanaan administrasi dan
Harmonisasi Perundang-Undangan; Subdirektorat
kerumahtanggaan Dit Wilhan.
Penelaahan dan Informasi Hukum Pertahanan;
Dit Wilhan terdiri atas: Subdirektorat Tata Subbagian Tata Usaha; dan Kelompok Jabatan
Ruang Wilayah Pertahanan; Subdirektorat Fungsional.***
Wilayah Perbatasan Darat; Subdirektorat Wilayah
Perbatasan Laut dan Udara; Subdirektorat
Kebijakan Survei dan Pemetaan; Subbagian Tata
Usaha; dan Kelompok Jabatan Fungsional.
www,kemhan.go.id
www.dmc.kemhan.go.id
INTERPRETING COMMEMORATION
OF INDONESIA’S INDEPENDENCE
AND STATE DEFENSE EFFORTS
THE BORDER AREAS
AFTER 70 YEARS OF INDONESIA’S
INDEPENDENCE
July-August 2015 1
ENGLISH
2
The Minister of Defense and the staff of
the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia
Congratulates Indonesia for its 70th Anniversary
May Indonesia be glorious
Volume 55 / No. 39
Dear Readers,
May WIRA magazine July-August 2015 edition be useful for all of us. Last but
not least, Happy 70th Anniversary to Indonesia’s Independence.
July-August 2015 3
July-August 2015
Contents
Volume 55/No.39
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
Editor in Chief:
Managing Editor:
Development of the National Radar Industry is an urgent
Col Inf Drs. Silvester Albert Tumbol, M.A., need that must be immediately realized.
Photo: OPINION
4 Volume 55 / No. 39
OPINION
REPORTAGE
July-August 2015 5
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
Article 6 of Law No. 3/2002 on the State Defense government carries a duty and responsibility to
mandates that the state defense is organized build and develop the defense industry, and to make
through efforts to build and develop the country’s it advanced, strong, independent and competitive.
deterrent power capacity and to cope with threats. One of the defense equipments which is capable
To be able to realize respected deterrent power to increase the deterrent power and quite possibly
capacity, support of a strong defense industry is developed domestically is the air defense radar.
needed.
Development of the National Radar Industry
In relation with it, article 7 of Law No. 16/2012 is an urgent need that must be immediately
on the Defense Industry mandates that the realized. In addition to increase the deterrent
6 Volume 55 / No. 39
Development of the
National Radar Industry
is an urgent need that
must be immediately
realized.
July-August 2015 7
specification of the radar produced, can be
changed according to the need with more
guaranteed confidentiality, so that it has
high deterrent power.
8 Volume 55 / No. 39
has sufficient knowledge in certain
fields, from the radar equipment
subsystem. It includes PT. LEN
with its experiences in ship radar
equipment and other types of radar,
CMI Technology with its capacity
in RF Technology, LIPI which has
successfully made a prototype of
coast radar equipment. There are
also PT. ITS which has experiences
in developing the TDAS system, PT.
KKP which has developed radar
operations/display equipment, and
the Indonesian Air Force which has
experienced technicians supported
July-August 2015 9
POLICY AND STRATEGY IN BUILDING THE
NATIONAL RADAR INDUSTRY
10 Volume 55 / No. 39
b. The factory has a commitment and a
comprehensive ToT program.
July-August 2015 11
factory must synergize capacity
of the domestic resources. It is
to obtain a sufficient collective
capacity and to relieve sectoral
egoism competition amongst
industries that support
development of the National
Radar Industry. The synergy
involves domestic resources,
both State-owned Companies
as well as non State-Owned
Companies, including
PT. LEBN, LIPI, PT. CMI
Technology, PT. ITS, PT. KKP
and the Indonesian Air Force. In
that frame, a concept must be
formulated to synergize capacity
of the domestic industry and the
duties, authorities and roles in
supporting development of the
National Radar Industry.
12 Volume 55 / No. 39
CONCLUSION
July-August 2015 13
THOUGHTS ON DEFENSE
EFFORTS TO REMANAGE
THE AIR SPACE
ABOVE RIAU AND NATUNA ISLANDS
by:
Ltc Dr. Marsono M.Si
Staff Officer at Defense of Strategic Analysis of MoD
INTRODUCTION
The Indonesian government intends and
is making efforts to remanage the air space
above Riau and Natuna islands which to date,
are managed by Singapore (FIR Singapore;
sectors A and C).
The most crucial question always posed
by Singapore, neighboring countries and the islands is not just a “mandate of the law”, but
international flight community is Indonesia’s is expected to be realized. It is a challenge
capacity in managing the air space. Is for the Indonesian government to show that
Indonesia capable of providing air traffic control Indonesia is capable of providing air traffic
services to manage the air space above Riau control services in FIR Singapore.
and Natuna islands? The question is actually
more appropriately asked by the Indonesian To support the Indonesian government’s
government whether it is capable of providing intention and efforts to manage the air space
air traffic control services. The takeover of air above Riau and Natuna islands, the Directorate
space management above Riau and Natuna General of Air Transportation has stated that it
14 Volume 55 / No. 39
had prepared a number of air navigation radars Terminal) which supplies data to Tanjung
for the air space control in Riau and Natuna Pinang, Batam, Natuna, and other islands,
islands, such as PSR (Primary Surveillance including data on flight plans, radar and
Radar) and SSR (Secondary Surveillance telecommunication.
Radar). PSR and SSR which have been
prepared include PSR Tanjung Pinang, PSR Negotiation of the takeover started in 1993
Pontianak, and SSR Natuna. Other hard ware and was continued in 2003, yet no result has
which has also been prepared includes ER- been reached although RAN took place only
VHF (Extended Range-Very High Frequency) every 10 years. The takeover efforts of FIR
Air-Ground and VSAT (Very Small Aperture Singapore are in line with mandate in Article 458
July-August 2015 15
of Law No. 1/2009 on Flight, which reads: “The provide flight traffic services in their air space.
air space of the Republic of Indonesia, of which The said air space is called Flight Information
the flight navigation services are delegated Region (FIR).
to other countries based on an agreement,
must already be evaluated and served by a Indonesia’s air space is divided into three
flight navigation services organizing institution sectors or FIR zones, including (1) FIR Jakarta,
no later than 15 (fifteen) years since the Law (2) FIR Ujung Pandang and (3) FIR Singapore.
prevails”. FIR Jakarta covers Indonesia’s western air
space, from the western part of Kalimantan to
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGION (FIR) the western part of Indonesia from the western
part of Central Java Province. FIR Ujung
Discussions on the air space management Pandang covers Indonesia’s eastern part of
are inseparable from the Flight Information air space. FIR Singapore covers the air space
Region (FIR). FIR is the air space within which over Riau and Natuna islands.
flight information services and flight alerting
services are provided. Flight information TAKEOVER EFFORTS
services consist of sigmet (significant
meteorological information) and airmet The air space over Riau and Natuna
(airman’s meteorological information). Flight islands has been dominated by Singapore
alerting services provide information in case since 1946 as Indonesia was not capable yet
of emergency and coordinate with related at that time. Pursuant to Articles 1, 2 and 28
authorities to handle emergency. Annex 11 of Chicago 1944 Convention and
ICAO recommendation, if incapable, Indonesia
Providing services for safety in FIR is could delegate the supervision to Singapore.
pursuant to Article 28 and stipulation 2.1.1. However, under the stipulation, if a nation is
Annex 11 of Chicago Convention 1944, stating capable of providing facilities and human
that countries of the Chicago Convention shall resources, and of serving and supervising
Three FIR Zones: FIR Jakarta, FIR Ujung Pandang dan FIR Singapure
16 Volume 55 / No. 39
FIR Singapure (blue) consist of the traffic control over Riau and Natuna Islands
the air space control, it shall be able to take among others Singapore, Malaysia, Australia,
over the control. The stipulation encourages the Philippines, and Timor Leste. Until now,
the Indonesian government to make efforts the air space control above the Indonesian
and intend to take over FIR from Singapore. territory includes FIR Jakarta and FIR Ujung
The efforts have been made stronger by the Pandang; while the air space control adjacent
stipulation in Article 458 of Law No. 1/2009 as to Singapore and Malaysia (located in Riau
mentioned above. and Natuna Islands/sectors A, B and C) is still
controlled by Singapore and Malaysia. The
Submission of the air traffic control over Riau takeover is still discussed.
and Natuna islands to Singapore and Malaysia
(Malaysia dominates sector B which jogs with Under the United Nations Convention on
sectors A and C) was result of RAN I meeting the Law of the Sea/UNCLOS) 1982, the air
in Honolulu in 1973. In Annex 11 ICAO, the space above Riau and Natuna Islands are
air traffic services were provided by a nation Indonesia’s jurisdiction.
to prevent any plane crash, to maintain order Following is a chronology of efforts by the
in the air traffic, to give directions and useful Indonesian government to take over FIR above
information for flight safety and efficiency. In Riau and Natuna Islands:
addition, it notifies related organizations if there
are planes in need of search and rescue. - In the RAN meeting I in Honolulu in
1973, it was decided that the air space
As implementation of the stipulation, based above Riau and Natuna Islands is in the
on a regional agreement, the flight service border of FIR Singapore, of which the
regions in Indonesia are divided into four area above 20.000 feet, is managed
FIRs, including Jakarta, Bali, Makassar, and by Singapore and under 20.000 feet by
Biak. However, in fact, Indonesia’s air space is Malaysia.
partially adjacent with FIR of other countries,
July-August 2015 17
- With the ratification of UNCLOS in 1982, Following a relatively long discussion
according to the archipelago principles, process between Indonesia’s DGAC and
the air space above Riau and Natuna Singapore’s CAA on the takeover of FIR Jakarta
Islands is included in the territory of the and FIR Singapore borders, an agreement
Republic of Indonesia. on the takeover of the said FIR borders was
signed on September 21st, 1985 in Singapore.
- In the RAN meeting II in Singapore in Matters included in the agreement are:
1983, Indonesia made efforts to change
the position as had been agreed in the - The basis of determining the agreed
RAN meeting I. It didn’t succeed. borders is under UNCLOS 1982.
- In the RAN meeting III in Bangkok in - Indonesia’s air space above Natuna
2003, Indonesia made a proposal on the Islands is known as sectors A, B and C.
flight navigation services development
above Natuna Islands and a Working - Indonesia delegates the responsibility
Paper No. 55 on “Activities planned to of providing flight navigation services
18 Volume 55 / No. 39
between the Government of the Republic
paragraph 2 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia
of Indonesia and the Government of
No. 1/2009 on Flight, it is stated that “Air space
the Republic of Singapore, which was
is sovereign air space above Indonesia’s land
signed in 1995. However, it should be
and waters”. Further, in Article 5, it is stated that
noted that the air traffic arrangement in
“The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia
sector C must be settled by Indonesia,
has full and exclusive sovereignty over the air
Singapore and Malaysia.
space of the Republic of Indonesia”. It is in line
- On behalf of Indonesia, Singapore will with resolution of most countries in the world,
collect Routes Air Navigation Services including Indonesia, which has ratified the
(RANS) charges in Indonesia’s Chicago 1944 Convention so that the country
jurisdiction air space, particularly in understands that every country has complete
sector A of which the responsibility and exclusive sovereignty over the air space
of flight navigation services has been above its region, and no hak lintas damai is
delegated to Singapore. The collection admitted. However, with the management of
will then be submitted to the Indonesian FIR by Singapore above Riau and Natuna
government through PT (Persero) Islands, the sovereign region of the Republic
Angkasa Pura II. Sector B remains a of Indonesia has become not exclusive as
problem that must be discussed by the there remains our region managed by another
Indonesian and Malaysian governments. country, for instance the air space around
Batam to around the northern part of Riau
Under the Presidential Decree of the Province.
Republic of Indonesia No. 7/1996 dated
February 2nd, 1996 on the “Ratification of The fact is contradictory to Article 6 of
Agreement between the Government of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1/2009
Republic of Singapore on the Realignment of stating that “In the frame of organizing the
the Boundary between the Singapore Flight country’s sovereignty above the air space of
Information Region and the Jakarta Flight the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia,
Information Region”, Indonesia legislated an the government executes authorities and
agreement of taking over the FIR Jakarta and responsibilities of the air space for the interest
FIR Singapore borders. of the flight, the national economy, the state
defense and security, social and culture, as
On May 10th, 1996, Indonesia and well as the air environment”. As the air space
Singapore made a joint letter addressed to above Riau and Natuna Islands remains
ICAO’s Regional Office in Bangkok, requesting partly controlled by Singapore’s ATC (the Air
the agreement to be passed. However, ICAO Traffic Control), it will be quite detrimental for
did not accept the request as there was an the national air defense system because it
objection by Malaysia. simplifies the use of the air space by foreign
Malaysia’s objection refers to the agreement flights through FIR without a permit from the
between Indonesia and Malaysia on the Indonesian government.
“Nusantara’s Law Regime and Malaysia’s FOLLOW UP PLANS OF THE INDONESIAN
Rights in the Territorial Sea and Nusantara’s GOVERNMENT
Sea and the Air Space above Nusantara’s
Sea Territory and the Region of the Republic Considering the problems and loss due to
of Indonesia Located between East Malaysia the FIR management above Riau and Natuna
and West Malaysia”, signed on February 25th, Islands, and the government’s intention to
1982. take over the management, the Indonesian
government is making follow up efforts with
The Indonesian Government ratified the Singapore. The follow up plans include:
agreement between Indonesia and Malaysia
through Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. - To reassess the Letter of Agreement
1/1983 on February 25th, 1983. In Article 1 (LOA) between the Indonesian and
July-August 2015 19
Singaporean governments on the air
space management above Natuna
Islands and to re-assess the MTA above
Indonesia’s territory.
- To follow up the agreement on the
outermost border data of sector B
territory, adjusted to the Government
Regulation No. 38/2002 on the List of
Geographical Coordinate of Starting
Points in the Indonesian islands in
Natuna Sea, that is development of the
territory borders and height of Tanjung
Pinang Control Area.
- To add the height limit above Batam’s
aerodrome traffic zone.
- To re-arrange management of the air
space sectors A, B and C. To support
the operational preparedness of the
air space management above Natuna
Islands, to which DVOR/DME navigation
equipment, VSAT telecommunication
equipment, and radar observation
equipment have been installed. Radar
facilities have also been installed at Sumber: businesslounge.co.id
Tanjung Pinang. The human resources
(both technical as well as operational
staff) are gradually prepared. Facilities
according to development of the needs FIR, including:
are continuously enhanced.
- The government of the Republic of
- To settle problems which arise from Indonesia through related ministries and
delegating FIR around Natuna Islands. institutions (the Coordinating Ministry
- To ask Singapore to also collect RANS of Politics Justice and Security, the
charges in sectors A and C, and to Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of
submit it to Indonesia. Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Defense,
Command of the National Air Defense,
- To place air traffic guides in Singapore’s the Indonesian Air Force, the Airnav,
ACC and management in Singapore’s and so on) must be integrated and have
CAA. the same commitment to take over FIR,
instead of partial efforts of each ministry.
- To develop Natuna to become an
Approach Control Service (ACS) - The related ministries and institutions
must make an assessment and
THINGS TO TAKE INTO CONSIDERATION
review the roadmap of taking over FIR
In the efforts to take over FIR management Singapore, so that the result of the
above Riau and Natuna Islands from assessment and the review will be a joint
Singapore, the government of the Republic of product (internal ministries/institutions).
Indonesia must pay attention to things related
- A special desk must be set up to take
to the preparedness and capability to manage
20 Volume 55 / No. 39
care of the takeover of FIR Singapore. - To fulfill the obligation of providing
When it’s set up, it must make an flight aviation services, the organizing
assessment and a roadmap as well as institutions of the flight navigation
follow up to the real programs, so that services must work hard to have a
the result can be actualized. standard operating procedure, to
operate and maintain the reliability of
- Related institutions, in this case the the flight navigation facilities according
Ministry of Transportation/the Ministry of to the standard, to employ licensed
Foreign Affairs, make strategic stages of and certified navigation personnel,
taking over FIR, which will be submitted and to have a supervision and control
to RAN meetings and ICAO. mechanism of the services quality
- The Ministry of Transportation, in guarantee.
this case the Directorate General CLOSING
of Air Transportation, prepares an
infrastructure and an air navigation That’s a description on the efforts of the
system according to the international government of the Republic of Indonesia to
standard. It’s to ensure the actualization take over FIR Singapore above Riau and
of aviation management which meets Natuna Islands. I hope that this contribution
with the international flight safety will be useful for related parties in the efforts to
and security with reference to ICAO actualize them.***
regulations.
July-August 2015 21
OPINION
INTERPRETING COMMEMORATION
OF INDONESIA’S INDEPENDENCE
AND STATE DEFENSE EFFORTS
by :
22 Volume 55 / No. 39
dynamic challenges. In many opportunities, the people. Radicalism, motivated by narrow fanaticism,
Minister of Defense reminds us of both real and will only destroy the nation’s cohesiveness. Not to
unreal threats. Real threats that we are now facing mention stealing of the natural resources, such
are not just military threats but also terrorism, as illegal fishing, quite detrimental for Indonesia’s
radicalism, natural disasters and stealing of the economy. In addition, the government organization
natural resources. We admit that we have many aspect still needs improvement and increase, not
achievements and successes in building the nation, only related to the slow bureaucracy, but also to
but there remain problems that need hard work to the human resources problem.
solve. It is undeniable that there remain groups
of people who ignore differences in the life of the Some of the nation’s problems must be wisely
treated. Commemoration of the Indonesian
independence is a momentum for the whole nation
to be determined to do the best for the nation
and the country. Actualization of the values and
“the Republic of Indonesia can the fighting spirit is very important for Indonesia’s
stand firm as a sovereign nation development. At present, loyalty should be devoted
thanks to the fight of the whole for the nation’s development in various sectors.
people, from farmers, small We are expected to fill in the independence with
traders, fishermen and other a variety of development activities according to
elements who defend the country” our respective profession. In these activities, the
younger generation are fighting and continuing the
fights of the national heroes.
July-August 2015 23
and love to the nation. The Unitary State of the
It is important for us to see to what extent we
Republic of Indonesia must be prioritized. We must
are playing a role in building our beloved nation.
admit that the democracy process needs further
Therefore, according to our respective profession
improvement. However, one thing for sure, we
and occupation, we have our own “enemies” in
still hold firm to ideals of the proclamation, namely
the form of duties that we must complete. During
independent Indonesia which unites the nation.
the era of struggle, our main and only enemy was
the colonialists. We did many things to defeat the Success to go through the various problems is
colonialists. At present, there is no more enemy. result of the people’s hard work. All components of
What remains is a variety of problems that the the nation’s development do the best together. In
nation must solve, including political, economic, a more technical context, each person plays his/
social cultural or defense-related problems. her own role according to the duty, function, and
position in the community. Through the role, values
The political hustle and bustle in the country
of the nation’s fight are actualized. The 1945 values
reemerges as the simultaneous regional general
are brought into the actual context. The spirit of the
elections are approaching. Various problems follow
nation still exists, in spite of present adjustment.
the elections, including the readiness, participants,
single candidates, even the security and order The people, particularly the younger generation,
towards and during the elections. The Indonesian are a generation in the era of 4G technology. The
nation has gone through many political hustles current common sight is the generation “engrossed
and bustles. The last one was succession of the in themselves” with their gadget of various models
national leader in the 2014 elections. Negative and brands. Bringing the technology-literate
and skeptical predictions were stated. However, generation to have an insight and love to their
the Indonesian nation could eventually go through country and to be able to contribute maximally
the people’s political festivity securely. It proves for the nation’s development is quite a challenge.
that Indonesia is a great nation, able to solve There are many positive examples of success of the
various problems by prioritizing the sense of nation younger generation in international events, such as
24 Volume 55 / No. 39
scientific Olympics and other international forums. Article 30 paragraph 1 of Constitution 1945
“Whoever masters technology and information, will mandates that every citizen are entitled and obliged
rule the world” does not seem to be a baseless to take part in efforts to defend and secure the
slogan. Technology which is not used for positive country. Paragraph 2 states that efforts to defend
interests will only destruct the social life. and secure the country are implemented through a
defense and security system of the whole nation with
A basic question would be to what extend the
the Indonesian Armed Forces and the Indonesian
younger generation is equipped with an insight
Police as the main strength and the people as
of the nation and an awareness of state defense.
the supporting strength. Article 1 paragraph 2 of
Current state defense is not just lifting arms,
Law No. 3/2002 on the State Defense states that
marching or taking part in flag-raising ceremonies.
the State Defense System is a defense system
State defense would be devotion of every people
that involves the whole nation, region and other
in their profession to do the best for their country.
national resources, prepared by the government
During the launching of the state defense day on
and organized in a total, integrated, directed and
December 19th, 2014, Prersident Joko Widodo
continuous way to uphold the country’s sovereignty,
stated that “the Republic of Indonesia can stand
the region’s integrity and safety of the whole nation
firm as a sovereign nation thanks to the fight of
from all threats. Involvement of the whole nation in
the whole people, from farmers, small traders,
the state defense is therefore mandate of the Law.
fishermen and other elements who defend the
country.” The President’s statement reflected how All components of the nation are making efforts
the Indonesian fight involves all elements of the according to their profession to fill the development
people, from farmers, traders, to fighters. In the with innovative and constructive innovations.
next struggle to defend the independence, the President Jokowi further said that “efforts to
people together with the Indonesian Armed Forces fight against illegal fishing, to be economically
successfully defeat all disturbances against the independent, efforts of teachers, midwives, and
nation’s integrity. Unity of the Indonesian Armed medical workers throughout the country, in the
Forces and the people is a key of the struggle. border areas, the outer islands, are all the state
July-August 2015 25
by among others setting up cadres in regencies
and municipalities to maximize the role of the
local officials. In addition, in various occasions,
the Ministry of Defense officials give guidance,
lectures, dialogue with various elements, including
public and religious figures to always prioritize
common interests. The importance of setting up
unity in diversity is a central theme in meetings or
dialogue with public figures to realize Indonesia’s
integrity. The Ministry of Defense will continuously
make breakthroughs to increase the nation’s insight
and the state defense. However, the efforts will
not succeed without participation of the related
institutions. In addition, the most important thing is
the will and concern of every individual.
26 Volume 55 / No. 39
The festive commemoration of the independence and the red-and-white flags throughout the country
throughout the country is expected to be not just lighten the spirit to guard the Unitary State of the
physical, by presenting all red and white festivities Republic of Indonesia and to fill the independence
as a characteristic of the commemoration. with positive and constructive activities for the
Instead, it is a moment to actualize the fighting victory of the Unitary State of the Republic of
spirit, which includes bravery, perseverance, Indonesia.
mutual cooperation, and will to bring Indonesia
into advancement which is competitive with other ***Long live Indonesia***
countries. Together according to our respective
profession, we must realize Indonesia which is
respected by other countries. We have obtained
independence, we have been independent for 70
years. Years of challenges spread ahead. It is the
responsibility of the whole nation to bring Indonesia
into advancement. Let the festive commemoration
July-August 2015 27
OPINION
THE BORDER
AREAS
AFTER 70 YEARS OF
INDONESIA’S INDEPENDENCE
by:
Ltc Joko Riyanto, S.sos
Staff Officer of Public Affairs Office of MoD
28 Volume 55 / No. 39
The clear voice was heard from children in white
and red uniforms, waving Red and White flags. They
stood in line along the street to greet the Minister of
Defense, Ryamizard Ryzcudu, who was in a visit to
the village of Temajuk, Regency of Sambas, West
Kalimantan, last end of January. The song, sung Border area development using
with all the spirit, felt ironic. How come? This year, it
has been almost 70 years since the independence security belt concept by two kind of
of Indonesia. However, in reality, the country’s approaches, fisrt: security approach,
sovereignty, namely the country’s border areas, is second: prosperity approach
not settled.
July-August 2015 29
Photo credit by:yon744.blogspot.com
30 Volume 55 / No. 39
significant impacts to the country’s According to the grand design of the
defense system, timber theft, National Agency of Border Management
human smuggling, terrorism and (BNPP), the country’s borders and the
weaponry, as well as narcotics border areas are managed by using a
trafficking. So far, the cross border prosperity-oriented approach, executed
crimes are dominated by human with two other approaches which are
smuggling (18 cases), illegal oriented on security and the environment.
trading (17 cases), and one case
of weaponry as well as one case Prosperity-oriented approach is an
of narcotics. effort which is conducted based on
development of economic and trade
The border issue between activities to increase people’s welfare in
Indonesia – Malaysia is far from the border areas. The development is
settlement. After Indonesia’s directed on superior commodities-basis
diplomatic defeat in Sipadan at each border area and its surroundings.
and Ligitan case, the sea border A spatial prosperity approach is reflected
at Ambalat Block and Tanjung through development of major cities in the
Datu remains a latent issue. border areas, which will boost economic
Meanwhile, land borders also growth in areas around the country’s
remain a problem. At Kotis borders.
Entikong post, for instance, there
remain five segments of conflicts Security-oriented approach sees the
between the two countries, border areas as areas directly next to
including Sei Buan Gunung Jagoi, other countries. In addition, sea border
Gunung Raya, Batu Aum, D 400, areas play a vital role for the economy
and Camar Bulan. There are also of many nations as they are track of the
varied cases, from a survey which world trade in which there are huge natural
has not been agreed yet by both resources. Securing and protecting efforts
countries, to condition on the field mean to realize a condition of controlled
which is not in accordance with national jurisdiction water which can be
the London 1928 Convention as a taken advantage for the national interest.
reference. Therefore, in addition to areas with a
strategic value for the region’s unity, the
The Indonesia – Malaysia security-oriented approach also sees the
border is indeed a chronic issue. border areas as protecting the national
The government has actually marine development. In the land border
set up the National Agency of areas, the concept of defense and
Border Management (BNPP), security being developed is to set up a
of which the members come security belt, the country’s borders, in the
from ministries and institutions. However, to optimize form of buffer areas or security zones as
coordination between the lines, a binding regulation of supervision areas.
the related institutions is needed. It would be absurd if Therefore, the Ministry of Defense
only members of the Indonesian Armed Forces defend will build a road along the border areas
the sovereignty. On the other hand, we must appreciate which will be connected with small streets
them, who, during their patrol, walk along muddy roads in villages along the border areas. It is
so that it takes them 2 hours to travel the 4-kilometer hoped that the infrastructure project will
distance by motorcycle to reach Sungai Beruang area. turn the borderline to be more open.
Or, the border patrol at Klawik post at Lanjak village, Additional posts will also simplify patrols
district of Lanjak, Regency of Kapuas Hulu, which takes of the Indonesian Armed Forces.
2 weeks to go into the woods.
July-August 2015 31
photo credit by: tniad.mil.id
Construction will be executed by the sand-stone road connecting villages with the
Indonesian Armed Forces in cooperation with border posts will be built.
the local people. In 2015, it is planned to build
100 kilometers of an inspection and patrol The Director General of Defense Strategy
road. The 3-4 meter road will be made of of the Ministry of Defense, Mayjen TNI Yoedhi
sand and stones, on which the distance from Swastanto, has said that to guard the border
the pole is 20-30 meters. In addition, 25 posts areas, the Ministry of Defense would also
will be built, 22 posts of the Indonesian Armed install chips in 100 border poles. In addition,
Forces will be renovated, and 64 kilometers of 600 units of tactical drones will be used to
32 Volume 55 / No. 39
observe the border areas. For the people, kilometers. It is also hoped that such project
oil palm, rubber, coffee, cacao, and pepper will be built in land border areas in need.
plantations will be opened. Empowering border areas is a complicated
problem, not only discussing the physical
It is planned that the border-strengthening
demarcation line or building infrastructure, but
project will start in West Kalimantan. It is
it is more the country’s presence in making
hoped that the annual progress will enable
the safety belt system realized and developed.
Indonesia to complete the whole project to
That is a little remaining hope after 70 years of
all demarcation lines of Indonesia – Malaysia
Indonesia’s independence.***
land border in Kalimantan so long as 2.000
July-August 2015 33
REPORTAGE
MINISTER OF DEFE
NORTH KALIMANTA
Every country has border areas. The
border areas show or mark the country’s
territory. The form of the borders can be
various. It can be land or sea border. by :
M. Adi Wibowo
What about Indonesia’s border areas? Staff of Public Affairs office of MoD
Indonesia is a maritime country, where
two third of the territory is waters. It is no
wonder then if Indonesia’s sea borders are
connected with 10 countries, while the land
borders are connected with 3 countries.
34 Volume 55 / No. 39
ENSE VISITED
AN Attention was immediately directed to
After taking off from Nunukan, President Jokowi
went to Sebatik Island in North Kalimantan on board
a Super Puma helicopter of the Indonesian Air
observation and monitoring at the border areas. Force. During his visit in Sebatik Island, President
In December 2014, President Jokowi and his Jokowi and the first lady visited the marine post
limited entourage visited the border post at at Sei Bajo, district of East Sebatik, Tanah Kuning
Sebatik Island, North Kalimantan. Patok II and Navy’s posts at Sungai Pancang.
July-August 2015 35
During his visit, President Jokowi walked as As a high official in President Joko Widodo’s
far as 400 meters to the border post, and climbed Kabinet Kerja, the minister is in charge of the
the highest tower of the Sei Pancang border post, efforts to uphold Indonesia’s sovereignty at the
at Sebatik Island. On the tower, President Jokowi border areas with other countries.
met with two soldiers of the Indonesian Navy, who
were completely ready. During this occasion, in Upon his arrival at Sebatik Island on board
addition to asking their health condition, President Bell-412 helicopter, the Minister of Defense and
Jokowi also asked about activity and task. his entourage directly went to the marine post at
Sei Bajo, the sea border post of the Indonesian
Following the President’s visit to the border, it Navy at Sei Pancang, the post at Aji Kuning and
was the Minister of Defense, Ryamizard Ryacudu’s Simanggaris Baru. During his visit, the Minister
turn to visit the border area in Nunukan Regency, said that the visit was aimed at directly observing
North Kalimantan. condition of the border posts and to obtain first-
36 Volume 55 / No. 39
services. As stated by the Minister of Defense,
the central government pays attention to the
border areas as they are one of the efforts to
strengthen defense of the nation’s sovereignty at
the country’s gate, a non-negotiable obligation.
July-August 2015 37
The region in which chip detectors have
been installed is West Kalimantan, amounting
to 10 units. North Kalimantan and other regions
will follow. In North Kalimantan, 50 units of chip
detectors are being installed in every pole. It is
planned that chip detectors will be installed in all
border regions. However, the installment will be
gradual.
CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
38 Volume 55 / No. 39
that the most important factor to guard the border any other threats. In front of the people, the
areas is unity of all the existing elements, from minister touched on the narcotics circulation at
the people, the local government, the Indonesian the Indonesia-Malaysia border. Through the
Armed Forces and the Indonesian Police, to solve border, many negative things are done, including
all problems. narcotics. The Indonesian Armed Forces and
the Indonesian Police as well as the people can
Despite the absence of problems, the Minister help solve the negative things. The Minister of
of Defense reminded the people to be aware of Defense firmly stated the danger of narcotics for
July-August 2015 39
the younger generation, which may harm
themselves, other people and the nation.
40 Volume 55 / No. 39
There was an interesting thing during Minister Ryamizard
Ryacudu’s visit to the borders security post. The character
of a leader so close with their troops at the field with an equal
treatment. A Minister of Defense willingly spent the night at
the barrack of the border security troops. The initial respect
atmosphere changed to togetherness between the leader and
the troops under his leadership.
July-August 2015 41
42 Volume 55 / No. 39