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bahasa inggris XI

CONJUNCTION

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Setelah mempelajari materi ini, kamu diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berikut.

1. Memahami jenis-jenis conjunction atau kata penghubung.
2. Mengaplikasikan conjunction dalam dialog transaksional sederhana.

Conjunction (kata penghubung) berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dua kata, frasa, atau kalimat
dan menunjukkan hubungan di antara kata, frasa, dan kalimat tersebut.
Ada enam jenis conjunction yang harus kita pahami, yaitu:

Types of conjunction Examples

time when, while, after, before, since
result therefore, so, so that, hence, thus, as a result
contrast although, even though, though, despite, in spite of, however,
but, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
reason because, since, as, for, due to
purpose in order that
manner as if, as though
A. Conjunctions of Time
1. When or While
Kita menggunakan when atau while untuk menghubungkan kegiatan yang sedang dan
telah terjadi di masa lampau. Oleh karena itu, kita menggunakan kalimat berpola simple
past tense dan past continuous tense bersama dengan conjunction tersebut.

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

Annie: “Where’s Fred? I haven’t seen him.”

Frank: “Well, he … the reports when I arrived.”
A. had typed
B. was typing (the correct answer)
C. has typed
D. is typing
E. typed
SNMPTN 2008 Wilayah Tengah & Timur Kode 111

When digunakan untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat independen seperti pada contoh berikut.
a. I was walking home from the training. (past continuous tense)
b. I saw the old lady fell down. (simple past tense).
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
I was walking home from the training when I saw the old lady fell down.

2. After or Before
Kita menggunakan after atau before untuk menghubungkan kegiatan yang telah terjadi
sebelum atau sesudah kegiatan lain di masa lampau. Oleh karena itu, kita menggunakan
simple past tense dan past perfect tense bersama dengan conjunction tersebut.

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

a. I had turned off the lamps. (past perfect tense).
b. I went to the cinema. (simple past tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
I had turned off the lamps before I went to the cinema.

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B. Conjunction of Result
Conjunction of result merupakan kata penghubung yang menyatakan hasil dari suatu
kegiatan atau aktifitas tertentu. Kita bisa menggunakan berbagai macam pola kalimat
bersama dengan conjunction yang menyatakan hasil.

Contoh 1:
a. The remote area was flooding. (simple past tense)
b. All inhabitants moved to higher district. (simple past tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
The remote area was flooding so that all inhabitants moved to higher district.

Contoh 2:
a. My Dad is fifty-five years old. (simple present tense)
b. He is wiser than the forty-year-old man. (simple present tense)
c. He is wiser than me. (simple present tense)
Kombinasi ketiga kalimat di atas adalah:
My Dad is fifty-five years old. Hence he is wiser than that forty-year-old man and me.

Contoh 3:
Alfonso studied very hard … he could past the test.
A. so that (the correct answer)
B. when
C. while
D. after
E. since

C. Conjunction of Contrast
Conjunction of contrast merupakan kata penghubung yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan,
aktifitas, atau keadaan yang berlawanan. Kita bisa menggunakan berbagai macam pola
kalimat bersama dengan conjunction tipe ini.

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

Contoh 1:
a. The principal is very high-tempered. (simple present tense)
b. He always cares about poverty. (simple present tense)

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 Kombinasi kedua kalimat tersebut adalah:
The principal is very high-tempered, but he always cares about poverty.

Contoh 2:
a. His grandmother is seventy years old.
b. She has a lot of grey hair.
c. She is still very healthy. (simple present tense)
Kombinasi ketiga kalimat di atas adalah:
Although his grandmother is seventy years old and she has a lot of grey hair, she is still
very healthy.

Contoh 3:

… the last lunar mission took place over thirty years ago, the desire to see people
return to the moon seems as strong now as in the 1960s.
A. When
B. Since
C. Although (the correct answer)
D. Before
E. As
SPMB 2007 Regional III Kode 141

D. Conjunction of Reason
Conjunction of reason merupakan kata penghubung yang menyatakan alasan mengapa
sesuatu kegiatan, aktifitas, atau keadaan terjadi. Kita bisa menggunakan berbagai macam
pola kalimat bersama dengan conjunction tipe ini.

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

Contoh 1:
a. Almira is very sad. (simple present tense)
b. She got a bad score in math. (simple past tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
Almira is very sad because she got a bad score in math.

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 Contoh 2:
… he was reminded about his wife birthday party, he quickly ran to the party. (simple past
tense)
A. while
B. since (the correct answer)
C. after
D. thus
E. before

E. Conjunction of Purpose
Conjunction of purpose merupakan kata penghubung yang menyatakan tujuan untuk
apa sesuatu kegiatan, aktifitas, atau keadaan itu terjadi. Kita bisa menggunakan berbagai
macam pola kalimat bersama dengan conjunction tipe ini.

Perhatikan contoh berikut.

Contoh 1:
a. My father works hard the whole day.
b. I can enroll to the prestigious university. (simple present tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
My father works hard the whole day in order that I can enroll to the prestigious
university.

Contoh 2:
a. The boy studied harder last semester.
b. His father would buy him a bicycle. (simple past tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
The boy studied harder last semester in order that his father would buy him a bicycle.

F. Conjunction of Manner
Conjunction of manner merupakan kata penghubung yang menyatakan tata cara
melakukan sesuatu. Kita bisa menggunakan berbagai macam pola kalimat bersama
dengan conjunction tipe ini.

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Perhatikan contoh berikut.
Contoh 1:
a. Andiny walks graciously.
b. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. (simple present tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
Monica walks graciously as though she is the most beautiful girl in the class.

Contoh 2:
a. The child was afraid of the little cat.
b. He saw the big one. (simple past tense)
Kombinasi kedua kalimat di atas adalah:
The child was afraid of the little cat as though he saw the big one.

Contoh 3:
Anita walks in front of her friends … she is the most beautiful girl in the world.
A. while
B. as if (the correct answer)
C. after
D. thus
E. before