Geopsy
Nama grup
Memuat sinyal, grouping, saving
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Memuat sinyal, grouping, saving
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Menu H/V
Algoritma anti-triggering
• Hitung |z(t)|, |n(t)|, dan |e(t)|
• Hitung rerata nilai untuk STA(t) dan LTA(t)
ketiga komponen (t_STA~0,5s – 2,0s dan
t_LTA~15s – 50 s)
• Hitung rasio STA(t)/LTA(t) untuk ketiga
komponen
• Cek dengan syarat batas, min STA~0,1-0,5
dan max STA~1,5-2,0
• Window dipilih jika minSTA<STA(t)/
LTA(t)<maxSTA dengan panjang minimum
tertentu ~15 – 40s
Perhitungan STA/LTA
1 sec – 30 sec
Max STA/LTA
Min STA/LTA
Perhitungan STA/LTA
10 sec – 30 sec
Max STA/LTA
Min STA/LTA
Menu H/V
H/V toolbox: Smoothing Spectra
Teori
H/V toolbox: Smoothing Spectra
H/V toolbox: Smoothing Spectra
Wiwit Suryanto
http://wiwit.staff.ugm.ac.id
QC data HVSR
• Such a requirement has several consequences (SESAME):
• In order for a peak to be significant, we recommend checking that the following condition is
fulfilled : f0 > 10 / lw. This condition is proposed so that, at the frequency of interest, there be
at least 10 significant cycles in each window (see Table 1). If the data allow – but this is not
mandatory –, it is always fruitful to check whether a more stringent condition [ f0 > 20 / lw],
can be fulfilled, which allows at least ten significant cycles for frequencies half the peak
frequency, and thus enhances the reliability of the whole peak.
• A large number of windows and of cycles is needed: we recommend that, when using the
automatic window selection with default parameters, the total number of significant
cycles : nc = lw . nw .f0 be larger than 200 (which means, for instance, for a peak at 1 Hz, that
there be at least 20 windows of 10 s each; or, for a peak at 0.5 Hz, 10 windows of 40 s each),
see Table 1 for other frequencies of interest. In case no window selection is considered (all
transients are taken into account), we recommend, for safety, this minimum nc number of
cycles be raised around 2 times at low frequencies (i.e., up to 400), and up to 4 to 5 times at
high frequencies, where transients are much more frequent (i.e., up to 1000).
• An acceptably low level of scattering between all windows is needed. Large standard
deviation values often mean that ambient vibrations are strongly non-stationary and
undergo some kind of perturbations, which may significantly affect the physical meaning of
the H/V peak frequency. Therefore it is recommended that sA(f ) be lower than a factor of 2
(for f0 > 0.5 Hz), or a factor of 3 (for f0 < 0.5 Hz), over a frequency range at least equal to
[0.5f0, 2f0].
Identifikasi f0
Clear peak
• The clear peak case is met when the H/V curve exhibits a "clear, single" H/V peak.
• the property "single" is related to the fact that in no other frequency band, does
the H/V amplitude exhibit another "clear" peak satisfying the same criteria.
• Amplitude conditions:
1. there exists one frequency f-, lying between f0/4 and f0, such that A0 / AH/V (f-) > 2
2. there exists another frequency f+, lying between f0 and 4.f0, such that A0 / AH/V (f+) > 2
3. A0 > 2
Identifikasi f0
Identifikasi f0
F-κ Analysis
Dengan Geopsy
Apakah f-κ?
• Analisis f-κ atau dikenal dengan analisis slowness adalah tool standar di
dalam pegolahan data array.
• Digunakan untuk menentukan kecepatan (semu) dan sudut azimuth
kedatangan gelombang seismic. Informasi kecepatan dapat digunakan untuk
mengidentifikasi jenis fase gelombang (P, S, Lg, dll) dan memperkirakan jarak
sumbernya. Dengan informasi azimuth dan jarak sumber, kita dapat
menentukan episenter gempa.
Kenapa Array?
• Array sensor-sensor banyak digunakan di bidang fisika dan astronomi (radio
astronomi), untuk meningktkan kualitas S/N dan memperoleh informasi
mengenai arah kedatangan sinyal.
• Untuk seismic, teknik array sudah digunakan sejak 1950 untuk monitoring
eksperimen nuklir
tabel
Kenampakan
geometri
10 Hz 20 Hz
MSPAC
Dengan Geopsy
Pendahuluan
MASW
Dengan Geopsy
Pendahuluan