dang ra
i
BAB
B
n
Rangsangan dan Gerak Balas
Konsep PENTING
IMPORTANT concepts
Peta Titi
Tindakan terkawal
dan luar kawal
Contoh Sistem saraf manusia Voluntary and Organ deria manusia
Examples Human nervous system involuntary actions Human sensory organs
as as
Faktor Otak dan saraf tunjang Berjalan dan Mata, lidah, hidung,
penghubung Brain and spinal cord peristalsis telinga dan kulit
Relating factor Walking and Eyes, tongue, nose,
peristalsis ears and skin
1
NOTA BESTARI
BAB
2
Kulit Skin
1. Kulit mempunyai lima jenis reseptor yang masing- 1. The skin has five receptors that are sensitive to heat,
masing peka kepada rangsangan haba, sejuk, cold, pressure, touch and pain stimuli respectively.
BAB
tekanan, sentuhan dan sakit. 2. The thinner the epidermis or the more receptors
2. Semakin nipis epidermis atau semakin banyak found on the skin, the more sensitive is that part of
1
reseptor pada kulit, semakin peka bahagian kulit itu. the skin.
3
Standard Kandungan
1.1 Sistem saraf manusia Tarikh:
1
Label the human nervous system below.
Saraf tunjang Saraf spina Sistem saraf pusat Saraf kranium Otak Sistem saraf periferi
Spinal cord Spinal nerves Central nervous system Cranial nerves Brain Peripheral nerves system
(pusat
⎧ tunjang pairs) ⎨
saraf
periferi
Spinal
kawalan cord ⎪ Peripheral
badan/body (e) Saraf ⎪ nerves
control centre spina system
⎪
Spinal
nerves
⎧
Galeri Info (31 pasang/
Saraf kranium menghubungkan otak dengan pairs) Praktis
organ deria. Saraf spina menghubungkan Kendiri
saraf tunjang dengan otot rangka.
The cranium nerve connects the brain with the
sensory organs. The spinal nerves connect the
spinal cord to the skeletal muscle.
2 Baca pertuturan di bawah. Kemudian, tulis jawapan yang mungkin diberikan oleh murid itu dalam
ruang yang disediakan dalam rajah di bawah. TP4/KBAT
Read the conversation below. Then, write the possible answers given by the student in the space provided in
the diagram below.
4
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 6 & 8
A. Bezakan tindakan terkawal dan luar kawal di bawah. TP2
1
Differentiate the voluntary and involuntary actions below.
B. Lengkapkan peta alir tentang urutan aliran impuls dalam tindakan terkawal dan luar kawal. TP1
Complete the flow map with the sequences on the pathway of an impulse in voluntary and involuntary actions.
(a) Afektor
Rangsangan (reseptor) (d) Efektor Gerak balas
Stimulus Affector Effector Response
(receptor)
(c) Saraf
tunjang impuls
impulse
impuls
Spinal
impulse
cord
Praktis
Kendiri Tindakan luar kawal/Involuntary action
5
Tarikh:
1
To measure the speed of a student’s response time
Keputusan 1 2 3 Purata/Average
Masa gerak balas (s)
Response times (s)
6
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 8 – 10
Tujuan Memerhatikan perubahan saiz pupil pada mata terhadap keamatan cahaya yang berbeza
1
To observe changes in pupil size to different light intensities
Pemerhatian
iris
iris
lampu suluh
torch
pupil
pupil
Saiz pupil besar Saiz pupil kecil
Analisis 1 Apakah rangsangan dan gerak balas dalam aktiviti ini? TP1
What are the stimulus and response in this activity?
Rangsangan/Stimulus: Cahaya/Light
Gerak balas/Response: Perubahan saiz pupil/ Change in the size of the pupil
2 Adakah gerak balas ini merupakan tindakan terkawal atau luar kawal? Terangkan.
Is this response a voluntary or an involuntary action? Explain. TP2
Tindakan luar kawal . Tindakan ini dilakukan secara tidak sedar .
7
Standard Kandungan
1.2 Rangsangan dan gerak balas dalam manusia Tarikh:
1
To observe and identify the structures of the human eye and their functions
Bahan
Tujuan dan Carta, model, transparensi atau perisian komputer tentang struktur mata manusia
Radas Charts, models, transparencies or computer software on the structures of the human eye
Prosedur Perhati dan labelkan struktur bagi keratan membujur dan pandangan hadapan serta
pandangan sisi mata manusia.
Observe and label the longitudinal section and front and side views of the human eye.
X: Pupil Q: Pupil
Pupil Pupil
Z: Sklera R: Iris
Sclera Iris
8
Analisis 1 Apakah fungsi mata? TP1
What is the function of the eye?
Mengesan cahaya /To detect light
BAB
2 Apakah organ deria bagi mata? TP1
What is the sensory organ of the eye?
Organ deria penglihatan /Sensory organ of
TP2
1
Identify the parts of the eye based on their functions.
(l) Bintik kuning Bahagian mata yang paling peka terhadap cahaya
Yellow spot The part of the eye that is the most sensitive to light
9
Tarikh:
1
dalam penglihatan./The diagram below shows two types of photoreceptors (rod and cone cells) in the retina
which are involved in seeing.
kedudukan sel rod dan sel kon (a) Apakah fungsi sel rod dan sel kon?
retina location of rod and cone cells What are the functions of the rod cells and the
retina 123 cone cells? TP2
(i) Sel kon/Cone cells:
Mengesan cahaya berwarna
To detect coloured lights
(ii) Sel rod/Rod cells:
Mengesan keamatan cahaya yang
berbeza.
keratan membujur mata To detect light of different intensities
longitudinal section of eye
(b) Azrul mendapati bahawa objek kelihatan berwarna hitam dan putih sahaja pada waktu malam
di luar rumahnya. Apakah penerangan yang boleh dibuat olehnya? TP3/KBAT
Azrul found that objects are seen as black and white only at night outside his house. What is the explanation
that can be made by him?
Sel kon hanya peka kepada warna cahaya dalam keadaan yang cerah . Sel rod
tidak peka terhadap warna cahaya dalam cahaya yang samar .
The cone cells are only sensitive to coloured light in bright conditions. The rod cells
are not sensitive to coloured light in dim light.
2 Lengkapkan peta alir tentang laluan lintasan cahaya dalam mekanisme penglihatan manusia.
Kemudian, isi tempat kosong dengan perkataan yang sesuai. TP2
Complete the flow map about the path of light in the human sight mechanism. Then, fill in the blanks with
the suitable words.
Galeri Info
Terdapat tiga jenis sel kon,
iaitu sel kon yang peka kepada
objek imej cahaya merah, hijau dan biru.
object image There are three types of cone
cells, i.e. cell cones which are Praktis
sensitive to red, green and blue Kendiri
lights.
impuls impuls
(d) Gelemaca (e) Retina/Retina impulse
(f) Saraf optik impulse
Otak
(fotoreseptor/
Vitreous humour Optic nerve Brain
photoreceptor)
(g) Sinar cahaya dari objek memasuki mata. Kornea , gelemair , kanta mata dan
gelemaca memfokuskan sinar cahaya tersebut ke atas retina. Fotoreseptor dalam
retina terangsang untuk menghasilkan impuls saraf dan dihantar ke otak untuk ditafsirkan
sebagai objek tegak./The light rays from the object enter the eye. The cornea , aqueous humour ,
eye lens and vitreous humour focus the light ray onto the retina. Photoreceptors in the
retina are stimulated to produce nerve impulses and are transmitted to the brain to be interpreted
as upright objects.
10
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 13, 14 & 17
Tujuan Memerhati dan mengenal pasti struktur telinga manusia serta fungsinya
1
To observe and identify the structures of the human ear and their functions
Bahan dan Carta, model, transparensi atau perisian komputer tentang struktur telinga manusia
Radas Charts, models, transparencies or computer software on the structures of the human ear
Prosedur 1 Perhatikan carta, model, transparensi atau perisian komputer tentang struktur
telinga manusia.
Observe the charts, models, transparencies or computer software of the structures of the human
ear.
2 Bincangkan fungsi-fungsi bahagian telinga dengan rakan dan guru anda.
Discuss the functions of the parts of the ear with your friends and teacher.
(b) Salur
telinga (g) Koklea
Ear canal Cochlea
11
4 Namakan bahagian telinga berdasarkan fungsinya. TP2
Name the parts of the ear based on their functions.
Outer ear
Pinna Collects and sends sound waves into the ear canal
(b) Salur telinga Menyalurkan gelombang bunyi ke gegendang
Ear canal telinga/Channels sound waves to the eardrum
(c) Gegendang Bergetar apabila gelombang bunyi mengenainya
telinga dan memindahkan getaran ke osikel
Eardrum Vibrates when it is hit by sound waves and sends
vibrations to ossicles
Telinga tengah
Semicircular Detect the position of the head and control the body
canals balance
(i) Saraf auditori Menghantar impuls saraf ke otak untuk pentafsiran
Auditory nerve Sends nerve impulses to the brain for interpretation
getaran
(c) Gedendang getaran (d) Osikel kuat Jendela
telinga vibration
Ossicles strong bujur
Eardrum vibration Oval window
getaran kuat/strong vibration
Kesimpulan Telinga ialah organ deria pendengaran./The ear is the sensory organ of hearing.
12
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 14 – 15
Tujuan Mengenal pasti struktur hidung yang terlibat dalam pengesanan rangsangan dan
1
kedudukan reseptor bau
To identify the structures of the nose involved in stimuli detection and the position of the smell
receptor
Bahan dan Carta, model, transparensi atau perisian komputer tentang struktur hidung
Radas Charts, models, transparencies or computer software on the structure of the nose
Prosedur 1 Perhatikan struktur hidung manusia./Observe the structures of the human nose.
2 Label struktur hidung dan kenal pasti kedudukan reseptor bau.
Label the structures of the nose and identify the position of the smell receptor.
Saraf olfaktori Rongga hidung Lubang hidung Sel deria bau
Olfactory nerve Nasal cavity Nostril Sensory cells of smell
2 Apakah nama lain bagi sel deria bau yang mengesan bau? TP1
What is the other name of the sensory cells of smell that detects smell?
Reseptor bau/Sel olfaktori/Smell receptor/Olfactory Cell
3 Di manakah terletaknya reseptor yang peka terhadap rangsangan bau? TP1
Where are the receptors that are sensitive to the smell stimuli located?
Di bahagian atas rongga hidung./At the upper part of the nasal cavity.
4 Aishah mendapati hidungnya tidak dapat menghidu bau makanan dengan baik
apabila menghidap selesema. Berikan penjelasan anda. TP3/KBAT
Aishah finds that her nose is unable to smell the food well when she has flu. Give your
explanation.
Reseptor bau/Sel deria bau dilitupi oleh satu lapisan tebal mukus yang
menghalang wap kimia daripada makanan merangsang reseptor bau .
The smell receptors/sensory cells of smell are covered with a thick layer of mucus
that prevents chemical vapours from the food stimulating the smell receptors .
5 Nyatakan laluan impuls setelah bahan kimia dalam udara diterima oleh reseptor di
dalam hidung./State the path of an impulse after a chemical substance in the air is received
by the receptor in the nose. TP2
Kesimpulan Hidung ialah organ deria bau./The nose is the sensory organ of smell.
13
Tarikh:
1
yang dirasa paling baik di bahagian itu./Label the tastes which the parts of the tongue are sensitive to.
Then, match the types of food that taste the best on those parts. TP2
reseptor rasa
taste receptor
saraf
papila pada lidah tunas rasa pada papila nerve
papillae on the tongue taste bud on the papilla
Papila (bintik kecil) pada permukaan lidah dilapisi beratus-ratus tunas rasa yang
mengandungi reseptor rasa . Reseptor rasa ini dapat mengesan lima jenis rasa asas, iaitu
manis , masin , masam , pahit dan umami . Rasa umami
dikaitkan dengan rasa lazat seperti rasa daging dalam sup atau mononatrium glutamat (MSG).
The papillae (small spots) on the surface of the tongue are covered by hundreds of taste buds containing
taste receptors. These taste receptors
can detect the five basic types of taste, i.e. sweet , salty ,
sour , bitterand umami
. The taste of umami is associated with a delicious taste like meat
in a soup or monosodium glutamate (MSG).
3 Lengkapkan peta alir di bawah untuk menunjukkan bagaimana lidah mengesan rasa. TP2
Complete the flow map below to show how the tongue detect tastes.
14
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 21
Tujuan Mengenal pasti kawasan berbeza pada lidah yang terlibat dalam pengesanan rasa
1
To identify the different areas of the tongue that are involved in the detection of taste
Bahan dan Jus peria, cuka, larutan gula, larutan garam biasa, sup cendawan segera, penyedut
Radas minuman, cawan/Bitter gourd juice, vinegar, sugar solution, common salt solution, instant
mushroom soup, drinking straw, cup
Kesimpulan Lidah ialah organ deria rasa./The tongue is the sensory organ of taste.
15
Tarikh:
1.11 EKSPERIMEN Hubung kait antara deria bau dengan deria rasa PBD
KBAT INKUIRI Relationship between the sense of smell and the sense of taste Penemuan
Inkuiri
BAB
1
To study the relationship between the sense of smell and the sense of taste
Bahan dan Betik, nanas, pisang, limau, jalur kain hitam, pisau dan garpu bersih
Radas Papaya, pineapple, banana, lime, strip of black cloth, clean knife and fork
Keputusan Tandakan ( ✓ ) untuk tekaan yang betul dan ( ✗ ) bagi tekaan yang salah.
Tick ( ✓ ) the correct guess and cross out ( ✗ ) the wrong guess.
Dapat mengenal pasti jenis buah
Jenis buah Able to determine the type of fruit
Type of fruit Hidung dipicit Hidung tidak dipicit
Nose is pinched Nose is not pinched
Betik/Papaya
Nanas/Pineapple
Pisang/Banana
Limau/Lime
(Jawapan murid/Student’s answer)
Analisis 1 Dalam keadaan yang manakah makanan lebih mudah dikenal pasti, dengan hidung
dipicit atau tidak dipicit? Terangkan. TP2
In which situations can food be more easily identified, with the nose pinched or not pinched?
Explain.
Dengan hidung tidak dipicit . Makanan lebih mudah dikenal pasti dengan
2 Hamid mendapati bahawa makanan yang panas lazimnya berasa lebih enak.
Berikan penerangan. TP3/KBAT
Hamid found that hot food often taste better. Give an explanation.
Wap kimia daripada makanan panas mengandungi lebih tinggi tenaga
Praktis dan bergerak dengan lebih cepat ke dalam rongga hidung untuk merangsang
Kendiri sel deria bau/reseptor bau .
Chemical vapours from hot food contain higher energy and move faster into
the nasal cavity to stimulate the sensory cells of smell/smell receptors .
16
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 16
Tujuan Mengenal pasti struktur kulit manusia yang terlibat dalam pengesanan rangsangan
1
To identify the structures of the human skin involved in stimuli detection
Bahan dan Carta, model, transparensi atau perisian komputer tentang struktur kulit manusia
Radas Charts, models, transparencies or computer software on the structures of the human skin
Prosedur 1 Perhatikan struktur kulit manusia./Observe the structures of the human skin.
2 Kenal pasti dan label jenis reseptor berlainan yang terdapat dalam kulit.
Identify and label the different types of receptors in the skin.
Analisis 1 Nyatakan reseptor yang terletak dalam/State the receptors situated in the TP1
17
Tarikh:
1
sentuhan
To study the sensitivity of the skin on different parts of the body towards stimuli of touch
Bahan dan Pencungkil gigi, kadbod (5 cm × 5 cm), pita selofan, jalur kain hitam
Radas Toothpicks, cardboard (5 cm × 5 cm), cellophane tape, strip of black cloth
pita selofan
Prosedur cellophane tape
kadbod
cardboard
2 cm
pencungkil gigi
toothpick
Keputusan Tandakan ( ✓ ) untuk tekaan yang betul dan ( ✗ ) bagi tekaan yang salah.
Tick ( ✓ ) the correct guess and cross out ( ✗ ) the wrong guess.
Hujung jari/Fingertip
Siku/Elbow
Lutut/Knee
18
Analisis 1 Berdasarkan keputusan aktiviti, kelaskan bahagian badan dalam aktiviti ini. TP2
Based on the results of the activity, classify the parts of the body in this activity.
(a) Peka terhadap rangsangan sentuhan
Sensitive to the touch stimuli
BAB
Hujung jari, belakang telinga, belakang leher
1
Fingertip, back of the ear, back of the neck
4 Lengkapkan peta alir tentang laluan impuls setelah rangsangan haba diterima oleh
reseptor dalam kulit./Complete the flow map about the path of an impulse after a heat
stimulus is received by the receptor in the skin. TP2
Kesimpulan Kepekaan kulit terhadap rangsangan adalah berbeza di bahagian badan yang
berlainan.
The sensitivity of the skin towards stimuli differs in different parts of the body.
19
Tarikh:
1
To study optical illusion
Prosedur
(a) (b)
Panjang topi sebenarnya sama panjang Semua garis sebenarnya adalah selari
dengan tapak topi. antara satu dengan yang lain.
The length of the hat is actually the same as All the lines are actually parallel to one
the length of the base. another.
(c) (d)
A B E F
C D G H
Video
Analisis 1 Apakah had deria penglihatan yang terlibat dalam aktiviti ini? TP1
What is the limitation of the sense of sight involved in this activity?
Ilusi optik/Optical illusion
Kesimpulan Ilusi optik ialah had deria penglihatan disebabkan oleh otak tidak dapat mentafsir
apa yang dilihat oleh mata dengan tepat.
An optical illusion is a limitation in the sense of sight in which the brain cannot interpret
accurately what is seen by the eyes.
20
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 25
Tujuan Mengkaji titik buta
1
To study the blind spot
Pemerhatian Pada suatu jarak yang tertentu, titik itu hilang daripada pandangan dan
muncul semula apabila buku ini digerakkan mendekati mata.
At a certain distance, the dot disappears and then reappears when this book is moved
nearer to the eye.
Analisis 1 Pada suatu ketika, imej titik jatuh pada suatu titik X yang terletak di pangkal saraf
optik mata seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah di bawah.
At a moment, the image of the dots falls on the spot X which is located at the base of the optic
nerve as shown in the diagram below.
Kesimpulan Kita tidak dapat melihat sesuatu objek jika imejnya terbentuk pada titik buta .
We cannot see an object if the image of the object falls on the blind spot .
21
Tarikh:
1
Draw the light ray about eye defects. Then complete the spaces below.
Objek jauh kelihatan kabur kerana Objek dekat kelihatan kabur kerana
imej terbentuk di hadapan retina. imej terbentuk di belakang retina.
The distant objects appear blur because The near objects appear blur because the
in front image is formed behind the retina.
the image is formed of the
retina.
2 Beri sebab-sebab berlakunya kecacatan mata dan lukis serta nyatakan kanta yang digunakan
untuk membetulkannya. TP2
Give reasons why the eye defects occur and draw and state the lenses used to correct them.
Kecacatan
Sebab kecacatan Kanta pembetulan
mata Reason of defect Correction lens
Eye defect
titik fokus
kornea focal point
Permukaan lengkungan kornea atau kanta cornea
mata yang tidak sekata menyebabkan semua
sinar cahaya dari suatu objek tidak bertemu cahaya
light
pada satu titik di retina.
The irregular curvature of the surface of the cornea
or the eye lens causes all the light rays from an
object not to meet at a point on the retina. kanta
lens
Namakan kecacatan mata itu dan nyatakan kanta yang digunakan untuk membetulkannya.
Name the eye defect and state the type of lens used to correct it.
Kecacatan mata/Eye defect : Astigmatisme/Astigmatism
Kanta untuk membetulkannya : Kanta berbentuk silinder/Cylindrical lenses
Lens to correct it
22
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 25 & 27
A. Kelaskan alat-alat yang diberi kepada alat-alat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi had deria
1
penglihatan dan pendengaran. TP6/KBAT
Classify the given devices into the devices used to overcome the limitation of sight and hearing.
Teleskop
Pembesar suara Telescope
Loudspeaker
Kanta pembesar
Magnifying glass
Alat bantu pendengaran
Mesin ultrabunyi Hearing aid
Ultrasound machine
23
Standard Kandungan
1.3 Rangsangan dan gerak balas dalam tumbuhan Tarikh:
1
kepentingan gerak balas untuk kemandirian tumbuhan./State the types of tropism based on their stimuli.
Then, match the types of tropism with the importance of the response for their survival. TP1
(d)
Sentuhan Tigmotropisme Memberi sokongan kepada tumbuhan
Touch Thigmotropism Gives support to the plants
24
Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 30 – 35
Tujuan Mengkaji dan mengenal pasti rangsangan yang dikesan oleh tumbuhan dan gerak balas
1
tumbuhan terhadap rangsangan itu
To study and identify the stimuli detected by the plants and the response of plants towards the
stimuli
Pernyataan Bagaimanakah tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan cahaya, graviti dan
Masalah air?
How do plants respond to the stimuli of light, gravity and water?
Hipotesis (a) Pucuk tumbuhan tumbuh ke arah cahaya manakala akar tumbuhan
tumbuh menjauhi cahaya.
Shoots grow towards light while roots grow away from light.
(b) Akar tumbuhan tumbuh ke arah graviti manakala pucuk tumbuhan
tumbuh menjauhi graviti.
Roots grow towards gravity while shoots grow away from gravity.
(c) Akar tumbuhan tumbuh ke arah air manakala pucuk tumbuhan
tumbuh menjauhi air.
Roots grow towards water while shoots grow away from water.
Bahan dan A: Biji benih kacang hijau bercambah, kapas basah, kertas label, kotak berlubang,
Radas piring Petri
Germinating green beans, moist cotton wool, label, box with a hole, Petri dishes
B: Biji benih kacang hijau bercambah, kapas basah, plastisin, kertas label, piring
Petri
Germinating green beans, moist cotton wool, plasticine, label, Petri dishes
C: Biji benih kacang hijau bercambah, gel silika (atau kalsium klorida kontang), kapas
basah, kertas label, kasa dawai, bikar 250 ml
Germinating green beans, silica gel (or anhydrous calcium chloride), moist cotton wool, label,
wire gauze, 250 ml beaker
Galeri Info
Daun pokok semalu menguncup disebabkan oleh
rangsangan sentuhan. Daun pokok semalu
menunjukkan gerak balas seismonasti, iaitu sejenis
gerak balas nastik untuk perlindungan. Gerak balas
nastik tidak dipengaruhi oleh arah rangsangan.
The leaves of the mimosa plant (touch-me-not plant)
close because of the stimulus of touch. The leaves of
the mimosa plant show seismonastic response, which
is a type of nastic movement for protection. Nastic
movement is not affected by the direction of the
stimulus.
25
Prosedur Jalankan eksperimen dalam jadual. Kemudian, lukis serta nyatakan pemerhatian pada
akhir eksperimen.
Carry out the experiments in the table. Then, draw and state the observations at the end of the
experiments.
BAB
Eksperimen Pemerhatian
1 Experiment Observation
A. Rangsangan cahaya
Light stimulus
kotak
berlubang
box with hole
anak benih
seedling
piring Petri
Petri dish
P kapas basah Q P Q
moist cotton
wool
B. Rangsangan graviti
Gravity stimulus
anak benih
anak benih seedling
seedling
piring Petri
Petri dish
R S plastisin R S
kapas basah
plasticine
moist cotton
wool
26
Eksperimen Pemerhatian
Experiment Observation
BAB
C. Rangsangan air
Water stimulus
anak benih
seedling
1
kapas basah
moist cotton
wool
air
water
T gel silika U T U
silica gel
Analisis 1 Nyatakan jenis tropisme yang ditunjukkan oleh tumbuhan terhadap rangsangan.
State the types of tropisms shown by the plants towards the stimuli. TP1
2 Bulatkan bahagian tumbuhan yang tumbuh ke arah cahaya, graviti dan air. TP1
Circle the parts of the plant that grow towards light, gravity and water.
Cahaya/Light Graviti/Gravity Air/Water
7 Berdasarkan faktor penghubung yang diberi, lengkapkan peta titi tentang jenis-
jenis tropisme. TP1
Based on the given relating factor, complete the bridge map on the types of tropism.
28
Standard Kandungan
1.4 Kepentingan gerak balas terhadap rangsangan dalam haiwan lain Tarikh:
BAB
Buku teks m/s 36 – 37
Lengkapkan jadual di bawah tentang penglihatan stereoskopik dan monokular haiwan. TP2
1
Complete the table below on the stereoscopic and monocular visions of the animals.
Jenis penglihatan
Type of vision
(b) Medan penglihatan Sempit dan bertindih Luas dan tidak bertindih
Field of vision Narrow and overlapping Wide and does not overlap
(c) Jenis imej yang Imej tiga dimensi Imej dua dimensi
terbentuk Three-dimensional image Two-dimensional image
Type of image formed
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Tarikh:
1
To investigate stereophonic hearing required for the determination of sound direction
Bahan dan Jalur kain hitam
Radas Strip of black cloth
Keputusan Pendengaran dengan dua telinga yang tidak ditutup lebih tepat untuk
menentukan arah bunyi.
Hearing with two ears uncovered is more accurate to determine the direction of
sound.
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PT3 PRAKTIS PENGUKUHAN 1 KOMPONEN
PP
BAB
Buku teks m/s 11 – 14, 17
Arahan: Jawab semua soalan.
1
Instructions: Answer all questions.
1 Rajah di bawah menunjukkan struktur telinga manusia.
The diagram below shows the structure of the human ear.
Q
P
(a) Kenal pasti organ-organ di atas./Identify the above organs. TP1
Q: Osikel/Ossicles R: Koklea/Cochlea
[2 markah/2 marks]
(b) Nyatakan fungsi bahagian yang berlabel P./State the functions of the part labelled P. TP2
Mengumpul dan menghantar gelombang bunyi ke dalam salur telinga.
Collects and sends sound waves into the ear canal.
[1 markah/1 mark]
(c) Kee Seng terasa pening setelah menaiki lif di dalam sebuah hotel.
Kee Seng feels dizzy after taking the lift in a hotel.
31
2 Baca petikan ini.
Read the passage.
BAB
Sinar cahaya yang dipantulkan daripada objek bergerak melalui kornea, gelemaca, gelemair, pupil dan
kanta mata. Semua struktur ini membiaskan sinar cahaya yang melaluinya. Kornea, gelemaca dan gelemair
membantu kanta mata untuk memfokuskan sinar cahaya ke atas retina. Imej yang terbentuk di atas retina
adalah nyata, songsang dan lebih kecil daripada objek. Sel-sel reseptor dalam retina mencetuskan impuls
dan impuls ini dihantar oleh saraf optik dari retina ke otak. Otak mentafsirkan imej itu sebagai objek
tegak seperti yang kita lihat.
The light rays reflected from the objects and travel through the cornea, vitreous humour, aqueous humour, pupil and
eye lens. All these structres refract the light rays that pass through them. The cornea, vitreous humour, aqueous
humour help the eye lens to focus the light rays onto the retina. The image formed on the retina is real, inverted
and smaller than the object. The receptor cells in the retina produce impulses and these impulses are sent through
the optic nerve from the retina to the brain. The brain interprets the image as upright like what we see.
(a) Berdasarkan rajah dan petikan, lengkapkan laluan mekanisme penglihatan dari kornea ke retina.
Based on the diagram and the passage, complete the path of the sight mechanism from the cornea to the retina.
TP2
Retina
Retina
[3 markah/3 marks]
(b) Cadangkan bagaimana anda dapat melindungi mata dan penglihatan anda. TP3/Mengaplikasi
Suggest how to protect your eyes and sight.
Jangan baca dalam keadaan malap dan tetapkan satu jarak di antara mata dengan bahan bacaan.
Do not read in dim light and keep a distance between the eyes and the objects to read.
[2 markah/2 marks]
(c) Amin sering menonton video pada skrin telefon bimbitnya dan memakai
fon telinga. Apakah pendapat anda tentang risiko yang mungkin
dialaminya pada jangka masa yang panjang? TP3/Mengaplikasi
Amin frequently watches videos on the screen of his mobile phone and use
earphone. What is your opinion on the risk that he will face over a long
period of time?
Deria penglihatan dan pendengarannya mungkin terjejas.
His senses of sight and hearing may be adversely affected.
[1 markah/1 mark]
Revisi Praktis
Ekspres 1 PT3
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