SISTEM INFORMASI

MANAJEMEN
Konsep Dasar Sistem,
Informasi, dan Sistem
Informasi
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI

Sistem

Pendekatan Pendekatan
prosedur komponen
Kumpulan dari Kumpulan dari
prosedur-prosedur komponen yang saling
yang mempunyai berhubungan satu
tujuan tertentu dengan yang lainnya
membentuk satu
kesatuan untuk
mencapai tujuan
tertentu
Karakteristik Sistem

Batas
sistem

Sub Sub
sistem sistem

Penghubung
sistem
Sub Sub
sistem sistem

Lingkungan luar
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI

 What Is a System?
 System: A set of components that work together to achieve a
common goal

 Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more

than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal

 Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with

other systems

 Open system: System that interfaces with other systems

5
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI

Figure 1.3
Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.
6
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
 Data: Serangkaian fakta-fakta yang mencerminkan
kejadian yang terjadi dalam organisasi atau lingkungan
phisik sebelum diorganisir dan disusun ke dalam sebuah
bentuk yang bisa dipahami dan digunakan secara efektif oleh
manusia.
 Informasi:
- Data yang diolah menjadi bentuk yang berguna bagi para
pemakainya (meaningful context).
- Data yang sudah diproses
- Data yang diproses dengan cara penjumlahan,
mengurutkan, merata-ratakan, menbandingkan, etc.
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Meaningful context:
- context : - informasi bervariasi dari orang ke orang
- informasi dari satu orang bisa menjadi data
menurut context orang lain
contoh:
- departemen produksi menghasilkan informasi berupa
ikhtisar aktifitas harian
- ikhtisar kegiatan harian di departemen produksi menjadi
input untuk buku besar umum di departemen akuntansi
dalam rangka menghasilkan informasi seperti nerasa dan
laba rugi bulanan.
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI
Data
Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a
week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.
Information
A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional
value beyond the value of the facts themselves.

Data Information

$35,000 12 Units Salesperson: J. Jones

$12,000 J. Jones Data Sales Territory: Western
Western Region Processing Region Current Sales: 147
$100,000 100 Units Units = $147,000
35 Units
 SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI

 Sistem Informasi: Kumpulan komponen-

komponen yang saling berhubungan yang
mengumpulkan, memproses, menyimpan dan
mendistribusikan informasi untuk mendukung
pengambilan keputusan dan pengawasan
dalam organisasi.

 SIM– Merencanakan, mengembangkan,

mengelola dan menggunakan peralatan TI
untuk membantu orang-orang dalam
melaksanakan semua tugas-tugas yang
berhubungan dengan pemrosesan dan
pengelolaan informasi
 Characteristics of good information

1. Accurate
2. Timely
3. Relevant
- to context
- to subject
4. Just sufficient
5. Worth its cost
Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information
Information Systems
An information system(IS) is typically considered to be a
set of interrelated elements or components that
collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate
(output) data and information and provide a feedback
mechanism to meet an objective.
Figure 1.1 Input-process-output
Komponen-Komponen Dasar SI
 Data, Information, and Systems

Figure 1.6 Components of an information system 16

 Computer-based Information System
An Information System is an organized combination of
people, hardware, software, communication networks and
the data resources that collects, transforms and disseminates
information in a organization.
 Data, Information, and Systems

 The Four Stages of Data Processing

 Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

 Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using

mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

 Output: Information is displayed or presented.

 Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

18
 IT VERSUS IS

 Information Technology (IT):

- Refers to the products, methods, inventions, and
standards that are used for the purpose of producing
information.
- consists of all the hardware and software that a firm
use in order to achieve its business objectives.
 Information System (IS):
- an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures,
and people that interact produces information.
- IS can be understood by looking from both a
technology and a business perspective.
 Payroll
IT Vs IS System

INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY Inventory
System
Hardware
Software are used to build
INFORMATION
Databases SYSTEMS
Networks
Marketing
Other related System
components

Customer
Service
System
 Perkembangan peran sistem
informasi

Era jejaring global

Pertengahan 1990-an

Era jejaring
Pertengahan 1980-an

Era informasi
1970-an – 1980-an

Era operasional
1960-an – 1970-an

Era
akuntansi
Awal 1950 - awal 1960-an
 Expanding Roles of IS

1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s

2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s
3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s
4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s
5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s
 Classification of IS
Information Systems

Operations Support
Management
System
Support System

Transaction Process Office Management Decision Executive

processing control automation information support information
systems systems systems systems systems systems
1. Operations support systems process data generated
by business operations
Major categories are:
i) Transaction processing systems
ii) Process control systems
iii) Office automation systems
2. Management Support Systems provide information
and support needed for effective decision making by
managers
Major categories are
i) Management Information System
ii) Decision Support Systems
iii) Executive Information System
1. Operations Support System
i) Transaction processing systems
• Process business exchanges
• Maintain records about the exchanges
• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks
• Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control

industrial processes.

iii) Office automation systems automate office

procedures and enhance office communications and
productivity.
2. Management support systems provide information
and support needed for effective decision making by
managers
Major categories are:
i) Management information systems
 Routine information for routine decisions
 Operational efficiency

 Use transaction data as main input

 Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas

ii) Decision Support System
• Interactive support for non-routine decisions or
problems
• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an
MIS

iii) Executive information systems

Provide critical information tailored to the information
needs of executives
Other categories :
a) Expert systems : Expert Systems are knowledge-based
systems that provides expert advice and act as expert
consultants to the users
b) End user computing systems : End user computing
systems support the direct, hands on use of computers by
end users for operational and managerial applications
c) Business information systems : Business
information systems support the operational and
managerial applications of the basic business functions of
a firm
d) Strategic information systems : Strategic
information systems provide a firm which strategic
products, services, and capabilities for competitive
advantage
Peran utama sistem SI dalam bisnis

Mendukung
berbagai
strategi untuk
keunggulan
kompetitif

Mendukung pengambilan
Keputusan dalam bisnis

Mendukung proses dan operasi bisnis

 Informasi
Senior
pemecahan
management
masalah
Informasi
Middle management
pengarahan
Scientists &
knowledge workers perhatian

Operational management Informasi

Production & service workers pengumpula
Data workers n data
 Tipe Informasi
Merupakan informasi untuk membantu
Informasi
pemecahan manajer atas mengambil keputusan
masalah pemecahan masalah yang
dihadapinya

Merupakan informasi untuk membantu

Informasi
pengarahan manajemen memusatkan perhatian
perhatian pada masalah2 menyimpang dan
kesempatan2 yang dapat dilakukan

Informasi
Pengumpul- Merupakan informasi yang berupa
an data akumulasi atau pengumpulan data
 Manajemen senior : membuat keputusan strategik jangka
panjang tentang produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan untuk
memastikan tercapainya kinerja keuangan perusahaan.
 Manajemen tingkat menengah : menjalankan program dan
rencana yang sudah dibuat oleh manajemen senior .
 Knowledge worker (ex; ilmuwan, insinyur, arsitek) :
mendisain produk atau jasa dan menciptakan pengetahuan
baru bagi perusahaan.
 Manajemen operasional : bertanggung jawab mengawasi
aktifitas bisnis sehari-hari.
 Production or service worker : menghasilkan produk dan
menyampaikan jasa.
 Data worker (ex; sekrektaris) : membantu semua level yang
ada di perusahaan.
 Karakteristik Informasi untuk setiap
level manajemen
Karakteristik Level atas Level menengah Level bawah
informasi
Kepadatan informasi Ringkas dan padat Terperinci dan
Kurang padat
Luas informasi Luas Fokus pada
masalah tertentu
Frekuensi informasi Tidak rutin dan ad Rutin
hoc
Skedul informasi Tidak terstruktur Skedul jelas dan
periodik
Waktu informasi Informasi prediksi Informasi historis

Akses informasi On-line Bisa tidak on-line

(off-line)

Sumber informasi Eksternal Internal perusahaan

perusahaan
Pendekatan Kontemporer SI
Pendekatan teknis
Ilmu
komputer
Operation
research
Ilmu
manajemen
SIM
Sosiologi

Psikologi
Ekonomi

Pendekatan perilaku
  Pendekatan teknis :
Menekankan model berbasis matematika untuk
mempelajari SI. Disiplin atau ilmu yang berperan
terhadap pendekatan teknis adalah pengetahuan
komputer, pengetahuan manajemen, dan riset
operasi.
 Pendekatan perilaku :
Merupakan bagian penting dari SI yang berkaitan
dengan isu-isu perilaku yang muncul dalam
pengembangan dan pemeliharaan SI jangka
panjang.

Back Next
 Lists categories of knowledge

 Why information systems are necessary

 What are the fundamental terms
 What are the essential technologies
 What are the basic information system types
 How information system are to be managed and
developed
 How to find out about new technology
 Knowledge category Example

Why Need for IS • competitive advantage

• problem solving
•Decision making
What Fundamental terms • CPU
• DBMS
•IP address
Essential Technologies • Relational data model
•LAN, WAN, Internet
• HTML, XML
IS types • CRM
• ERP
• DSS
How Methodologies • data modeling
• Systems development
• Security management
Technology frameworks • Systems development life cycle
 IS as Discipline
IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by
Computer Science, Political Science,
Psychology, Operations Research,
Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational
Theory.
 Challenges

1. Workforce downsizing
2. Information overload
3. Employee mistrust
4. Difficult to built
5. Security breaches
 Opportunities

1. Enhanced global competitiveness

2. Capture market opportunities
3. Support corporate strategy
4. Enhance worker productivity
5. Improve quality of goods and services
 Information Systems

 Why Do People Need Information?

 Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

 Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and

control

42
 Data, Information, and Systems

 Information and Managers

 Systems thinking
 Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.
 Keeps managers focused on overall goals and operations of
business.

43
 Data, Information, and Systems

Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy

44
 Data, Information, and Systems

 The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

 Synergy
 When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of
the outputs of the same resources employed separately

 Allows human thought to be translated into efficient

processing of large amounts of data

45
 Why Study IS?

 Information Systems Careers

 Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database
administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

 Knowledge Workers
 Managers and non-managers
 Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to use
information technology.

 Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy

 Key to full participation in western society

46
 Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side

 Consumer Privacy
 Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amounts
of data on individuals.

 Employee Privacy
 IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violating
privacy and creating stress.

47
 Ethical and Societal Issues
The Not-So-Bright Side

 Freedom of Speech
 IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual
property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

 IT Professionalism
 No mandatory or enforced code of ethics for IT professionals--unlike other
professions.

 Social Inequality
 Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3%
have Internet access.

48
 THE END

Back Next