Metalurgi Ekstraksi
• Logam reaktif
– Proses pirometalurgi roast, smelt, refine
– Proses hidrometalurgi roast, leach, concentrate,
purify, precipitate, refine
Terminology (1)
• Calcination (Latin: calx), berarti kapur (chalk)
– = proses pemanasan mineral/senyawa pada temperatur tinggi
untuk menghasilkan mineral stabil.
– Semisal: oksidasi sulfida, dehidrasi, dehidroxidasi silikat dan
yang paling umum dekomposisi termal karbonat.
MS + O2 M + SO2
– Preliminary treatment
– Metal separation
– refining
Proses pirometalurgi
logam non Fe non
reaktif
Preliminary
Metal
separation
Refining
Proses hidrometalurgi
logam non Fe non reaktif
Preliminary
Metal
separation
Refining
Proses pirometalurgi
logam non Fe reaktif
Preliminary
Metal
separation
Refining
Proses hidrometalurgi
logam non Fe reaktif Preliminary
Metal
separation
Refining
Halide Metallurgy
The fact that metal halides (chlorides, iodides,
fluorides, bromides) are normally formed with
smaller negative free energy change than their
oxide can be utilized to extract those metals
which form particularly stable oxide.
Halogenisasi
Reduksi
Oksida Logam
Oksidasi
Sulfida Contoh:
KOnversi Cu2S, PbS dan Ni3S2
Tahapan dalam metalurgi ektraksi- Pyro
• Roasting (Pemanggangan)
• Smelting (Peleburan)
• Refining (Pemurnian)
Roasting (1)
Roasting is the process of heating the ore in
plentiful supply of air. It is essentially an
oxidation process where sulfides are converted
into oxides.
example:
Cu2S + 2O2 2CuO + SO2
Importance of Roasting:
• To drive off notable impurities
• To burn off organic substance
• To form compounds that easily smelts
Roasting (2)
• Metode:
– Hearth: Sulfida tembaga, sulfida nikel
– Fluid bed: sulfida tembaga, sulfida nikel
– Sintering: sulfida tembaga, sulfida nikel dan sulfida
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