Diplomasi kemanusiaan

humanitarian diplomacy focuses on ‘maximising support for operation and programs,

and building the partnerships necessary if humanitarian objectives are to be achieved.

 Organisasi-organisasinya: International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC),

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC),
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Medecins sans Frontiers
(MSF).

diplomasi kemanusiaan mengacu pada kebijakan dan praktik lembaga nasional dan
internasional yang aktif di Indonesia pekerjaan bantuan kemanusiaan. Tidak terbatas
pada perlu mengoordinasikan bantuan kemanusiaan internasional tetapi juga
beroperasi di tingkat nasional atau lokal untuk memastikan, dalam keadaan situasi
keadaan darurat. Konsep diplomasi kemanusiaan meliputi kegiatan yang dilakukan
oleh organisasi kemanusiaan mendapatkan ruang dari politik dan militer otoritas yang
juga berfungsi dengan integritas. Kegiatan-kegiatan ini meliputi mengatur kehadiran
organisasi-organisasi kemanusiaan dalam suatu pemberian negara, menegosiasikan
akses ke penduduk sipil yang membutuhkan bantuan dan perlindungan, pemantauan
program bantuan, mempromosikan rasa hormat untuk internasional hukum dan norma,
mendukung individu dan lembaga pribumi, dan terlibat dalam advokasi di berbagai
tingkatan dalam mendukung tujuan kemanusiaan.

Ruang Lingkup Diplomasi Kemanusiaan:

Humanitarian diplomacy is concerned with persuading decision makers and opinion

leaders to act, at all times, in the interest of vulnerable people, and with full respect for
our fundamental principles. Humanitarian diplomacy is the use of international law
and the humanitarian imperative as complimentary to facilitate the delivery of
assistance or to promote the protection of civilians in a complex political emergency.

Providing protection and emergency relief (health and sanitation, food security,
shelter, etc),

* Offering assistance to detainees,

* Searching for the missing,

* Re-establishing family links,

* Ensuring the safety of ICRC staff,

* Negotiate and codify humanitarian norms and standards in national legislation and
within the framework of international organizations (UN, ICRC)
  International Committee of The Red Cross (ICRC): The ICRC is an
impartial, independent, neutral organization ensuring humanitarian protection
and assistance for victims of war and armed violence. It takes action in
response to emergencies and promotes respect for international humanitarian
law and its implementation in national law.

Misi ICRC: To protect the lives and dignity of victims of armed conflict and other
situations of violence and to provide them with assistance. The ICRC also endeavors
to prevent suffering by promoting and strengthening humanitarian law and universal
humanitarian principles.

 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC):

IFRC mission is to assist people and protect their dignity regardless of
nationality, race, religious beliefs, class or political opinions.

Misi IFRC: Meningkatkan kondisi kehidupan kelompok masyarakat yang bertahan

hidup dari bencana, seperti pengungsi, dan korban bencana alam, serta kemiskinan
akibat dari krisis ekonomi dan krisis kesehatan. Mengkoordinir operasi pemberian
bantuan International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

Kegiatan IFRC meliputi: Pemerkuatan kapasitas nasional dalam meningkatkan

pemahaman tentang nilai-nilai kemnusiaan, dan kemampuan untuk melakukan
tanggap darurat pada saat terjadinya bencana, pencegahan bencana, kesehatan dan
bantuan kepada masyarakat di tingkat desa.

 Un Refugee Convention: The 1951 Refugee Convention merupakan dokumen

hukum penting yang menjadi dasar bagi kegiatan UNHCR. Konvensi tersebut
mendefinisikan tentang terminology ‘refugee’ (pengungsi) dan menggariskan
hak-hak dari displaced persons serta kewajiban negara pihak untuk melindungi
mereka. Konvensi telah diratifikasi oleh 145 negara.

Contoh: UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISIONER FOR REFUGEES (UNHCR)

The UNHCR leads and coordinates international action to protect refugees and resolve
refugee problems worldwide. It main purpose is to protect the rights and well-being of
refugees. Refugees resettlement program: in coordination with Canadian Government
when resettlement is the best solution. Requirements: pass medical, security and
criminal screenings.

 The International Organization for Migration (IOM): IOM adalah organisasi

antar Pemerintah (intergovernmental organization) yang pada 2016 masuk
menjadi Badan PBB (UN Migration), memfokuskan kegiatan pada penyediaan
pelayanan dan advokasi kepada Pemerintah maupun migran menyangkut
perpindahan orang, termasuk internally displaced persons, pengungsi
 (refugees), dan pekerja migran (migrant workers). Saat ini tercatat
beranggotakan 173 negara dan 8 negara sebagai observer.

 Pengungsi dan IDP (Refugee and internal displaced person): Refugee is

someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing
to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion,
nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.
Internally Displaced Person (IDP) is someone who has been forced to flee their
home but never cross an international border. IDPs are not protected by
international law or eligible to receive many types of aid because they are
legally under the protection of their own government.

 Pencari suaka (asylum seeker): An asylum seeker is an individual who says

he/she is a refugee, but he/she has to meet criteria for granting asylum: The
applicant must establish that he/she fears persecution in their home country.
The applicant must prove that he or she would be persecuted on account of one
of five protected grounds: race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or
particular social group.