Mengenal Line of Defense

dalam
Dunia Migas

Roslinormansyah
Country HSE Mgr.
PT. Halliburton Indonesia
Daftar isi
▌ Latar Belakang dan Sejarah
▌ Definisi dan ciri utama
▌ Organization line of defense
▌ Process line of defense
▌ Human line of defense
▌ Hambatan

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Latar belakang dan sejarah
▌ Industri migas merupakan salah satu industri yang padat peralatan,
padat teknologi, padat karyawan dan juga padat modal
▌ Tingkat terjadinya kecelakaan kerja selalu tinggi dan bila terjadi
kecelakaan kerja selalu memberikan dampak yang luas, termasuk :
masyarakat sekitarnya
▌ Biaya yang dikeluarkan sebagai akibat kecelakaan kerja tersebut dapat
mencapai milliaran dolar AS dan kadang bahkan dapat membuat
bangkrut perusahaan yang mengalami bencana tersebut.
▌ Memiliki sistem manajemen yang sangat ketat namun selalu terjadi
inkonsistensi dalam pelaksanaan, contoh Texas BP explosion dan
Horizon accident di teluk Mexico

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 Latar belakang dan sejarah
▌ Besarnya dampak kecelakaan katastropik Migas mempengaruhi
perubahan mindset dalam pendekatan manajemen risiko

1. Single Mindset of Control (priority driven) 1. Multiple Mindset of Control (redundancy

2. Low in Organizational involvement driven)
3. Low in reliability oriented 2. High in Organizational involvement
4. High dependency 3. Focus on reliability of control layer
4. High interdependency

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Definisi dan ciri utama
▌ Berasal dari istilah permainan bola Basket (penemunya : Walter
Meanwell) yang populer sejak tahun 1911  terkenal juga dengan
istilah Man-to-Man zone
▌ Dalam http://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/line%20of%20defense
diartikan
 Any organization whose responsibility it is to defend against something
 Defensive structure consisting of a barrier that can be employed for
defense against attack
▌ Istilah ini diadopsi dalam safety tahun 90-an dan diperkenalkan oleh
Prof James Reason dengan istilah “Swiss Cheese Model”
▌ Tahun 2001, CCPS – Center of Chemical Process Safety – US secara
resmi mengadopsi model “Swiss Cheese” dalam pedoman manajemen
risiko dan diberi istilah “Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA)”

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Definisi dan ciri utama
▌ Line of Defense memiliki ciri independen, dapat diaudit/dievaluasi,
efektif dalam merespon setiap penyimpangan, dan
▌ Setiap Line of Defense merupakan alat pengendali dan setiap alat
pengendali belum tentu Line of Defense

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Organization Line of Defense
▌ Pilar utama dalam setiap industri Migas
▌ Critical point (Risk) dalam organisasi :
 Mindset
 Authority and Responsibility
 Leadership
 Communication
▌ Line of Defense
Leadership

Orientation

Just Culture
Learning
Mindful

Acceptable
Risk Risk
Risk Risk Level

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Organization Line of Defense
▌ Line of Defense
 Mindful Leadership
− Bottom-up communication of bad news
− Proactive audits
− Safety-production balance
− Engagement with front-life staff
− Investment of resources
− Reluctant to simplify
 Learning organization
− Open Communication
− Procedure reviewed in the knowledge base
− RCA climate
− Continuous technical training
− Speed of feedback
 Just Culture
− Open Communication
− Procedure reviewed in the knowledge base
− RCA climate
− Continuous technical training
− Speed of feedback
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Process Line of Defense
▌ Central activity dalam setiap industri Migas
▌ Critical point (Risk) dalam process :
 Material properties (Physical and Chemical)
 Technology
 Operating parameters
 Ergonomi
▌ Line of Defense

Competency
Procedures

Intervention

Supervisory
Intervention
Operating

Acceptable
Risk Risk
Risk Risk Level

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Organization Line of Defense
▌ Line of Defense
 Operating procedures
− Based on credible scenario (LOPA)
− Proactive involvement and buy-in process
− Simple languange
− Accessible
− Update
 Competency Intervention
− “Can do” oriented
− Based on task/job authority
− Self Stop Work Authority
 Supervisory Intervention
− Focus on sequence task/job
− Performance oriented

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Process Line of Defense
▌ Central activity dalam setiap industri Migas
▌ Critical point (Risk) dalam Process :
 Material properties (Physical and Chemical)
 Technology
 Operating parameters
 Ergonomi
▌ Line of Defense

Competency
Procedures

Intervention

Supervisory
Intervention
Operating

Acceptable
Risk Risk
Risk Risk Level

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Process Line of Defense
▌ Line of Defense
 Operating procedures
− Based on credible scenario (LOPA)
− Proactive involvement and buy-in process
− Simple languange
− Accessible
− Update
 Competency Intervention
− “Can do” oriented
− Based on task/job authority
− Self Stop Work Authority
 Supervisory Intervention
− Focus on sequence task/job
− Performance oriented

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Human Line of Defense
▌ Elemen fundamental dalam setiap industri Migas
▌ Critical point (Risk) dalam human :
 Cognitive/Perception
 Motivasi
 Attitude/Behaviour
 Psychology (situation driven)
▌ Line of Defense
Modification

Antecendent

Assessment
Behaviour

Cognitive
Design

Acceptable
Risk Risk
Risk Risk Level

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Human Line of Defense
▌ Line of Defense
 Behaviour Modification
− Critical Behavior Identification
− Established baseline program
− Feedback for reinforcing
 Design Antecendent
− RA assessment result
 Cognitive Assessment
− Load on task/job

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Hambatan
▌ Ketidakkonsistenan untuk “down to earth” di semua level jabatan dan
pekerjaan
▌ Menjadi ritual tapi tidak menjadi spiritual
▌ Terjebak dalam “reactive decision” meski sudah berkomitmen pada
“proactive decision”
▌ Lemahnya buy-in di karyawan front-line
▌ Mengutamakan instant process ketimbang gradual process
▌ Copy-paste dalam RCA
▌ Sistem manajemen yang tidak pernah dianggap usang……
▌ dll

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 THANK YOU

© 2015 HALLIBURTON. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 16