1. Pronounce the word. Often, by "hearing" the word, you will recall its meaning.
Ucapkan kata tersebut. Seringkali, dengan "mendengar" kata itu, Anda akan mengingat artinya.
2. Try to figure out the word from its context-the words and sentences around the unfamiliar word . Often there is
a clue in the context that will help you figure out a meaning.
Cobalah untuk mencari tahu kata dari konteksnya - kata-kata dan kalimat di sekitar kata yang tidak dikenal.
Seringkali ada petunjuk dalam konteks yang akan membantu Anda mencari tahu maknanya.
Example: During her lecture, the ornithologist described her research on western spotted owls as well as other
species of birds.
Contoh: Selama kuliahnya, ahli ornitologi menggambarkan penelitiannya tentang burung hantu berbintik
barat serta spesies burung lainnya.
Example: The elderly man walked with the help of a prosthesis. He was proud that his artificial limb enabled
him to walk without assistance.
Contoh: Pria tua itu berjalan dengan bantuan prostesis. Dia bangga bahwa anggota tubuh buatannya
memungkinkannya berjalan tanpa bantuan.
The context reveals that a prosthesis is an artificial limb.
Konteksnya mengungkapkan bahwa prostesis adalah anggota tubuh buatan.
3. Look for parts of the word that are familiar. You may spot a familiar root (for example, in the word
improbability you may see a variant spelling of the word probable), or you may recognize a familiar beginning
(for example, in the word unconventional, knowing that un- means "not" lets you figure out that the word
means "not conventional").
Carilah bagian-bagian dari kata yang akrab. Anda mungkin melihat akar yang akrab (misalnya, dalam kata
ketidakmungkinan Anda mungkin melihat ejaan varian kata mungkin), atau Anda mungkin mengenali awal
yang akrab (misalnya, dalam kata tidak konvensional, mengetahui bahwa un- berarti "tidak" memungkinkan
Anda mengetahui bahwa kata itu berarti "tidak konvensional").
4. If you still cannot figure out the word, mark it and keep reading, unless the sentence does not make sense
without knowing what the word means. If it does not, then stop and look up the word in a print or online
dictionary.
Jika Anda masih tidak dapat mengetahui kata itu, tandai dan teruslah membaca, kecuali kalimat itu tidak
masuk akal tanpa mengetahui apa arti kata itu. Jika tidak, maka berhenti dan cari kata dalam kamus cetak atau
online.
5. When you finish reading, look up all the words you have marked.
Ketika Anda selesai membaca, cari semua kata yang telah Anda tandai.
6. After reading be sure to record , in a vocabulary log notebook or computer file, the words you figured out or
looked up so you can review and use them frequently.
Setelah membaca pastikan untuk merekam, dalam buku catatan catatan kosakata atau file komputer, kata-kata
yang Anda temukan atau cari sehingga Anda dapat sering meninjau dan menggunakannya.
When you encounter an unfamiliar word in the text you are reading, a good strategy to understand its meaning is to
guess (infer) from its context. Context itself is the sentence or sentences around the word, where the word is used.
The context clues given may be in the form of example, synonym, antonym, definition, or logic.
Ketika Anda menemukan kata yang tidak dikenal dalam teks yang Anda baca, strategi yang baik untuk memahami
artinya adalah menebak (menyimpulkan) dari konteksnya. Konteks itu sendiri adalah kalimat atau kalimat di sekitar
kata, di mana kata itu digunakan.
Petunjuk konteks yang diberikan mungkin dalam bentuk contoh, sinonim, antonim, definisi, atau logika.
Activity 1: Circle the correct meaning of the underlined word and identify the type of context clue used: example,
synonym, antonym, definition, or logic.
Aktivitas 1: Lingkari arti yang benar dari kata yang digarisbawahi dan identifikasi jenis petunjuk konteks yang
digunakan: contoh, sinonim, antonim, definisi, atau logika.
1. Our baseball team's pitcher has a few eccentric habits, such as throwing exactly thirteen warm-up pitches and
never wearing socks. (normal / strange / messy)
Pitcher tim bisbol kami memiliki beberapa kebiasaan eksentrik, seperti melempar tepat tiga belas lemparan
pemanasan dan tidak pernah mengenakan kaus kaki. (normal / aneh / berantakan)
2. After the heavy rains, the stream became murky; in fact, the water was so cloudy you could not see the bottom.
(cloudy / bottomless / clear)
Setelah hujan lebat, aliran menjadi keruh; bahkan, airnya sangat keruh sehingga Anda tidak bisa melihat
bagian bawahnya. (berawan / tanpa dasar / jelas)
3. The debris on the stadium floor included numerous paper cups, ticket stubs, and cigarette butts.
(products / papers / trash)
Puing-puing di lantai stadion termasuk banyak cangkir kertas, potongan tiket, dan puntung rokok.
(produk / kertas / sampah)
4. The coach takes every opportunity to censure his players, yet (but) he ignores every opportunity to praise them.
(approve of / criticize / choose)
Pelatih mengambil setiap kesempatan untuk mengecam para pemainnya, namun (tetapi) dia mengabaikan
setiap kesempatan untuk memuji mereka.
(menyetujui / mengkritik / memilih)
5. The newlyweds agreed to be very frugal in their shopping because they wanted to save enough money to buy a
house. (economical / wasteful / interested)
Pengantin baru setuju untuk sangat hemat dalam berbelanja karena mereka ingin menghemat cukup uang untuk
membeli rumah. (ekonomis / boros / tertarik)
6. Although Alex usually looks unkempt, he had a very neat appearance at his job interview.
(orderly / handsome / messy)
Meskipun Alex biasanya terlihat tidak terawat, dia memiliki penampilan yang sangat rapi saat wawancara
kerjanya.
(tertib / tampan / berantakan)
7. I’m looking for a unique gift for my boyfriend, he appreciates unusual things. (special / unusual / common)
Saya mencari hadiah unik untuk pacar saya, dia menghargai hal-hal yang tidak biasa. (khusus / tidak biasa /
umum)
8. Expecting that his license would be renewed, the pilot was surprised when it was revoked instead.
(invalidated / legalized / given)
Mengharapkan bahwa lisensinya akan diperbarui, pilot terkejut ketika dicabut sebagai gantinya.
(dibatalkan / dilegalisir / diberikan)
Sentence hints for word meanings
Petunjuk kalimat untuk makna kata
Sometimes helping words, along Jenna felt perturbed; that is, she was Helping words:
with punctuation, provide important greatly annoyed by her sister's that is, meaning, such as, is called,
clues. actions. for instance, like, for example
Terkadang membantu kata-kata, Jenna merasa terganggu; artinya, dia (examples)
bersama dengan tanda baca, sangat kesal dengan tindakan Kata-kata yang membantu:
memberikan petunjuk penting. saudara perempuannya. artinya, seperti, disebut, misalnya,
seperti, misalnya (contoh)
Some sentences tell the opposite of Parents who constantly spank their If you are lenient, you do not often
what a new word means. From its children cannot be called lenient. punish your children. Merciful or
opposite, you can figure out the Orang tua yang terus-menerus gentle would-be good guesses for the
meaning of the word. memukul anak-anak mereka tidak meaning of lenient.
Beberapa kalimat menceritakan bisa disebut lunak. Jika Anda lunak, Anda tidak sering
kebalikan dari apa arti kata baru. menghukum anak-anak Anda.
Dari kebalikannya, Anda dapat Berbelas kasih atau lembut akan
mengetahui arti kata tersebut. menjadi tebakan yang baik untuk arti
lunak.
Activity 2: Determine the meaning of the underlined word. Explain what clues in the sentence helped you determine the
meaning.
Aktivitas 2: Tentukan arti kata yang digarisbawahi. Jelaskan petunjuk apa dalam kalimat yang membantu Anda
menentukan artinya.
1. Even when the police officers put the handcuffs on my mother, she maintained her dignity, holding her head
up high as she was marched off the protest site.
Bahkan ketika petugas polisi memborgol ibu saya, dia mempertahankan martabatnya, mengangkat kepalanya
tinggi-tinggi saat dia berbaris dari lokasi protes.
2. John was so hungry that he didn’t leave a single particle of the muffin on the plate.
John sangat lapar sehingga dia tidak meninggalkan satu partikel muffin pun di piring.
3. Joanne’s mother came up to the school to get the cell phone the teacher had confiscated.
Ibu Joanne datang ke sekolah untuk mengambil ponsel yang disita guru.
4. After the bird escaped, Chris tried to coax it back into the cage with treats.
Setelah burung itu melarikan diri, Chris mencoba membujuknya kembali ke dalam kandang dengan suguhan.
5. On the way to her room after just having been grounded, Tammy murmured something under her breath.
Dalam perjalanan ke kamarnya setelah baru saja dikandangkan, Tammy menggumamkan sesuatu di bawah
napasnya.
6. Megan did not like the new girl because she was rich, haughty, and kept her nose up high.
Megan tidak menyukai gadis baru itu karena dia kaya, angkuh, dan hidungnya tetap tinggi.
7. Alice woke up feeling wretched. She was covered with sweat and had a headache.
Alice terbangun dengan perasaan celaka. Dia dipenuhi keringat dan sakit kepala.
8. We can still make it to the movie on time if we make haste!
Kita masih bisa sampai ke film tepat waktu jika kita membuat tergesa-gesa!
9. Jack likes to sit on the edge of the pier when the wind is calm, and the water is tranquil.
Jack suka duduk di tepi dermaga saat angin tenang, dan airnya tenang.
10. Paul was reluctant to take the car to the mechanics, since last time it cost him seven hundred dollars, but the
engine was making such a squeal that he scheduled an appointment.
Paul enggan membawa mobil itu ke mekanik, karena terakhir kali harganya tujuh ratus dolar, tetapi mesinnya
menjerit sehingga dia menjadwalkan janji temu.
Activity 3: Read the sentences, write the part of speech of the underlined word, and choose the most appropriate
definition.
Aktivitas 3: Baca kalimat, tulis bagian ucapan kata yang digarisbawahi, dan pilih definisi yang paling tepat.
2. The directors are responsible for preparing the company’s financial statements.
Part of speech : _________
Definition : a. a printed record of money paid, received, etc.
b. something that you say or write that gives information or opinion
c. the act of stating or expressing something in words
2. Direksi bertanggung jawab untuk menyiapkan laporan keuangan perusahaan.
Bagian dari ucapan : __________
Definisi: a. catatan cetak uang yang dibayarkan, diterima, dll.
b. sesuatu yang Anda katakan atau tulis yang memberikan informasi atau pendapat
c. tindakan menyatakan atau mengekspresikan sesuatu dengan kata-kata
3. The goal of marketing is to generate leads so that salespeople can close them.
Part of speech : _________
Definition : a. the initiative in an action; an example for others to follow
b. a piece of information that may help in the resolution of a problem
c. a potential customer or business opportunity
3. Tujuan pemasaran adalah untuk menghasilkan prospek sehingga tenaga penjualan dapat menutupnya.
Bagian dari ucapan : __________
Definisi : a. inisiatif dalam suatu tindakan; Contoh bagi orang lain untuk mengikuti
b. sepotong informasi yang dapat membantu dalam penyelesaian suatu masalah
c. pelanggan potensial atau peluang bisnis
4. There were concerns about variability in the rates of pay and the terms of engagement of part-time tutors.
Part of speech : _________
Definition : a. the fact of employing someone
b. an arrangement to do something or to be somewhere
c. the act of promising that you intend to marry
4. Ada kekhawatiran tentang variabilitas dalam tingkat pembayaran dan persyaratan keterlibatan tutor paruh
waktu.
Bagian dari ucapan : __________
Definisi : a. fakta mempekerjakan seseorang
b. pengaturan untuk melakukan sesuatu atau berada di suatu tempat
c. tindakan menjanjikan bahwa Anda berniat untuk menikah
5. It was their job to buy horses for the army and to scour the countryside for food and supplies.
Part of speech : _________
Definition : a. to search an area very carefully and thoroughly
b. to clean something very thoroughly by rubbing it with a rough material
c. to form a hole by continuous movement over a long period
5. Adalah tugas mereka untuk membeli kuda untuk tentara dan menjelajahi pedesaan untuk mencari makanan
dan persediaan.
Bagian dari ucapan : __________
Definisi: a. untuk mencari area dengan sangat hati-hati dan menyeluruh
b. untuk membersihkan sesuatu dengan sangat teliti dengan menggosoknya dengan bahan kasar
c. membentuk lubang dengan gerakan terus menerus dalam jangka waktu yang lama
9. She leaves her capital untouched in the bank and lives off the interest.
Part of speech : ___________
Definition : a. the most important place for a particular business or activity
b. a large amount of money that is invested or used to start a business
c. people who use their money to start businesses, considered a group
9. Dia meninggalkan modalnya tidak tersentuh di bank dan hidup dari bunga.
Bagian dari ucapan : ___________
Definisi: a. tempat yang paling penting untuk bisnis atau kegiatan tertentu
b. sejumlah besar uang yang diinvestasikan atau digunakan untuk memulai bisnis
c. orang-orang yang menggunakan uang mereka untuk memulai bisnis, dianggap sebagai kelompok
10. The company's expenses policy limits what people can spend on incidentals.
Part of speech : ___________
Definition : a. small amounts of money spent while trying to achieve something
b. something that happens by chance, or in connection with something else that is more
important
c. less important than the thing something is connected with or part of
10. Kebijakan pengeluaran perusahaan membatasi apa yang dapat dibelanjakan orang untuk biaya tak terduga.
Bagian dari ucapan : ___________
Definisi: a. sejumlah kecil uang yang dihabiskan saat mencoba mencapai sesuatu
b. sesuatu yang terjadi secara kebetulan, atau sehubungan dengan sesuatu yang lebih penting
c. kurang penting daripada sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan atau bagian dari
Activity 5: Read each sentence and choose the most appropriate definition of the underlined word.
Sentences Meanings
1. Interest charges on an overdraft are usually quite a. n. the feeling that you have when you want to
high. know or learn about something
perasaan yang Anda miliki ketika Anda ingin
tahu atau belajar tentang sesuatu
2. By that time, I had lost all interest in that idea. b. n. a good result or an advantage for someone or
something
hasil yang baik atau keuntungan bagi seseorang
atau sesuatu
3. The family has business interest in France. c. n. money that is charged by a bank or other
e financial organization for borrowing money
uang yang dibebankan oleh bank atau organisasi
keuangan lainnya untuk meminjam uang
4. These reforms were in the best interests of local d. n. a connection with something which affects
government. your attitude to it, especially because you may
benefit from it in some way
Hubungan dengan sesuatu yang mempengaruhi
sikap Anda terhadapnya, terutama karena Anda
mungkin mendapat manfaat darinya dalam
beberapa cara
5. Organizations have an interest in ensuring that e. n. a share in a business or company and its profits
employee motivation is high. d bagian dalam bisnis atau perusahaan dan
Organisasi memiliki minat untuk memastikan keuntungannya
bahwa motivasi karyawan tinggi.
As the harmful effects of mropping on health have become widely known, many cities and some countries have
passed laws that limit where it is allowed. In many places, mropping is no longer permitted in the restaurants or
bars. Owners of restaurants and bars were against the law because they believed that their businesses would suffer,
but that happened only in the first few months. After that, business returned to normal. The laws have also had
another positive effect, apart from making the air cleaner for everyone. More people have given up mropping
altogether.
Karena efek berbahaya dari mropping pada kesehatan telah dikenal luas, banyak kota dan beberapa negara telah
mengeluarkan undang-undang yang membatasi di mana ia diizinkan. Di banyak tempat, mropping tidak lagi
diizinkan di restoran atau bar. Pemilik restoran dan bar melanggar hukum karena mereka percaya bahwa bisnis
mereka akan menderita, Tapi itu hanya terjadi dalam beberapa bulan pertama. Setelah itu, bisnis kembali normal.
Undang-undang juga memiliki efek positif lain, selain membuat udara lebih bersih untuk semua orang. Lebih
banyak orang telah menyerah mropping sama sekali.
1. At the beginning of World War II, when the Germans moved into northern France, they searched the towns and
countryside for escaping French soldiers, who were sent to prisoner-of-war camps in Germany. Next, they tried
to zep all the guns or other arms they could find, though many people hid theirs on farms or underground. The
Germans also took all the horses from farms and towns, because they were needed in the army. This loss really
hurt the French, since the lack of gasoline made horses necessary to work the farms and for transport. Not long
after this, the Germans zepped radios as well, so that people could not listen to foreign news reports.
2. Red Lake, a Canadian gold mine, wasn’t finding enough gold and was in danger of closing down. Then its chief
executive heard a talk about Linus Torvalds, the inventor of Linux, the open-source computer operating system.
He decided to put the zap’s secret geological data on the Internet and offered prize money to experts outside the
zap who could suggest where undiscovered gold might lie. People around the world recommended 110 targets,
and 80% of them turned out contain gold. The zap’s value has risen from $100 m to $9 bn.
2. Red Lake, tambang emas Kanada, tidak menemukan cukup emas dan dalam bahaya ditutup. Kemudian kepala
eksekutifnya mendengar pembicaraan tentang Linus Torvalds, penemu Linux, sistem operasi komputer open-
source. . Dia memutuskan untuk menempatkan data geologi rahasia zap di Internet dan menawarkan hadiah uang
kepada para ahli di luar zap yang bisa menyarankan di mana emas yang belum ditemukan mungkin berbohong.
Orang-orang di seluruh dunia merekomendasikan 110 target, dan 80% di antaranya ternyata mengandung emas.
Nilai zap telah meningkat dari $ 100 juta menjadi $ 9 miliar.
3. Traditionally, zips have had a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, with one person or group of people at the
top, and an increasing number of people below them at each successive level. This is sometimes called line
structure. There is a clear chain of command running down the pyramid. All the people in the zip know what
decisions they are able to make, who their line manager (or boss) is (to whom they report), and who their
immediate subordinates are (over whom they have line authority and can give instructions to).
4. The key objective of zupping is to create a relationship of trust. Customers have an image of the zup in their
minds, combining knowledge about the product and their expectations of it. Some zups are seen as more than
just products or services; they successfully represent customers’ attitudes or feelings, e.g., Nike, Starbucks,
Apple Computer, The Body Shop, etc.
5. TQM requires all zop to be involved in the search for continuously improving quality, in all the business’s
activities – not just production or customer’s services but also in marketing, sales, purchasing, design,
engineering, R&D, finance, human resource, etc. the organization must make use of knowledge and experience
of its entire zop to identify and correct faulty systems and processes. Production zop should be empowered to
stop production to solve problems, as quality is more important than maximizing output or reducing costs.
Activity 7: Read the passage, answer the questions and infer the meaning of the underlined word.
1. As the demands of the company have shifted from controlling to competing on products to serving customers, the
center of gravity in the company has shifted from finance to engineering – and now to marketing.
Marketing today is not a function; it is a way of doing business. Marketing is not a new ad campaign or this
month’s promotion. Marketing has to be all-pervasive, part of everyone’s job description, from the receptionists
to the board of directors. Its job is neither to fool the customer nor to falsify the company image. It is to
integrate the customer into the design of the product.
Karena tuntutan perusahaan telah bergeser dari mengendalikan ke bersaing dalam produk untuk melayani
pelanggan, pusat gravitasi di perusahaan telah bergeser dari keuangan ke teknik - dan sekarang ke pemasaran.
Pemasaran saat ini bukanlah fungsi; Ini adalah cara melakukan bisnis. Pemasaran bukanlah kampanye iklan baru
atau promosi bulan ini. Pemasaran harus serba meresap, bagian dari deskripsi pekerjaan semua orang, dari
resepsionis hingga dewan direksi. Tugasnya bukan untuk menipu pelanggan atau memalsukan citra perusahaan.
Ini untuk mengintegrasikan pelanggan ke dalam desain produk.
2. Advertising informs customers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to
persuade them to buy those products or services. Most companies use advertising agencies to produce their
advertising for them. They give the agency a statement of the objectives for the advertising campaign, known as
a brief, on overall advertising strategies concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers,
and a budget. The agency creates advertisements (often abbreviated to adverts or ads) and develops a media
plan specifying which media – newspapers, magazines, the Internet, radio, television, cinema, posters, mall, etc.
– will be used and in which proportions.
Enrichment
Find an article related to your study program. Read them and make a list of difficult words. Later try to guess
the meaning of the words from the context they are used.