Imunostimulan
• Suatu senyawa yang dapat meningkatkan kerja komponen-
komponen sistem imun.
• Diberikan untuk meningkatkan respon imun terhadap penyakit
atau infeksi.
Up Regulation • Contoh : Isoprinosin, ekstrak herbal (echinacea, elderberry,
ginseng, ganoderma, saffron, meniran, jinten hitam, kunyit,
sambiloto, bawang putih, kelor, jahe, pegagan, temulawak, dll)
Imunosupresif
Suatu senyawa yang digunakan untuk menekan respon imun,
meredakan hiper-inflamasi, mengatasi penyakit autoimun, atau
Down Regulation mencegah penolakan transplantasi.
Efek Imunomodulasi oleh Kunyit dan Jahe
• Kunyit (Curcuma longa / Curcuma domestica)
– Bersifat imunostimulasi
– Juga bersifat anti-radang
– Memelihara dan memperbaiki sistem pencernaan
– Mengandung Curcumin sebagai zat aktif utama
– Aman untuk pemakaian jangka Panjang
Sukmanadi M, et al. In silico study: Phyllanthus niruri L as immunomodulatoragainst Covid-19. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 2020;14(4).
• meniran berpotensi mencegah infeksi virus
Potensi Meniran sebagai antivirus pada
COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2.
• Sambiloto
– Bersifat imunostimulasi
– Juga bersifat antivirus
– Menurunkan demam
– Aman untuk pemakaian jangka panjang
Jahe
– Zingiber officinale
– Bersifat imunostimulasi
– Juga bersifat anti-radang
– Meredakan batuk & gangguan
pencernaan
– Mengatasi masuk angin
(common cold/ selesma)
– Aman untuk pemakaian jangka
panjang
What is Curcuma sp. ?
Curcuma longa/
Curcuma domestica
Curcuma xanthorrhiza
(kunyit) Curcuma Sp. is a genus of about (temulawak)
100 accepted species in the
family Zingiberaceae that
contains such species
as turmeric/ kunyit (Curcuma
longa) and java turmeric/
temulawak (Curcuma
xanthorrhiza).
Previous studies show that both components of HNS have proven anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory effects,
the researchers wanted to assess the efficacy of HNS in fighting COVID-19.
Honey has been shown to be beneficial in fighting upper respiratory tract infections.
In vitro studies of Nigella sativa have shown that it can decrease the replication of SARS-CoV. Some of its components have a high affinity to many
SARS-CoV-2 proteins and enzymes.
The researchers performed a multicentre, randomised, and controlled trial in patients with COVID-19 of varying severity. Randomised patients
received either a combination of 1 gm/kg/day of honey and 80 mg/kg/day of Nigella sativa or placebo for 13 days. Viral clearance, symptoms,
alleviation, and 30-day mortality were some of the outcomes. “The trial results show that the use of HNS in COVID-19 patients promotes viral
clearance and reduces the severity of the disease.”
Of the 313 patients, part of the study cohort, 210 patients with moderate symptoms and 103 with severe COVID-19 underwent randomization.
Among these patients, 107 received HNS, and 103 moderate cases received a placebo. Fifty severe COVID-19 patients were given HNS, and 53
severe cases received placebo. Administration of HNS led to alleviation of symptoms by day three in moderate cases and day se ven in severe cases.
“Anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, cardio-protective and broncho-dilatory properties of HNS make it even more beneficial in diabetic, hypertensive,
cardiac and asthmatic patients who have a higher COVID-19 associated mortality.”
The study results show that HNS helped with symptoms alleviation and viral clearance and reduced mortality in patients with moderate and severe
disease. According to the team, HNS can be used as a safe and effective therapy in COVID-19 patients as it promotes quicker recovery and survival.
Thus, they concluded that HNS represents an affordable therapeutic option and can be used alone or in combination with other therapies to fight
COVID-19.
Some benefits of this potential treatment option are its ‘over the counter’ availability, affordability – less than $5 for the entire treatment course,
and ease of administration as it can be a home-based remedy. Moreover, HNS can also be used in combination with other drugs for increased
efficacy. The authors believe that this treatment will significantly reduce the burden on global health care systems.
(Abedi, et.al., 2021)
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions
/coronavirus-covid-19/self-
isolation-and-treatment/how-
to-treat-symptoms-at-home/
Qusthul Hindi (Saussurea costus/
Saussurea lappa)
(Radler, 2020)
* A single TaibUVID
Plus dose includes:
Regular TaibUVID dose
+ Nigella sativa decoction
nebulization ± (if possible
Clove oil nebulization/
anthemis hyalina
decoction nebulization).
Nigella sativa
nebulization exerts
pulmonary tissue
protection and antiviral
effects particularly for
ventilated patients.
Hati-hati inhalasi
minyak kayu putih
pada penderita asma
Toksik jika
diminum
Aktivitas anti SARS-
CoV-2 terkuat:
Terpineol, Guaiol,
Linalool, Cineol, beta
Selinelol, alfa
Eudesmol, gamma
Eudesmol.
Interaksi sinergistik di
antara 10 substansi
aktif menghambat
ACE2 dan protein
PDB6LU7
Further studies should be conducted for the
validation of these compounds using in-vitro
and in-vivo models to pave a way for these
compounds in drug discovery.
Penelitian Bio-informatika
1,8-Cineol bersifat
anti-inflamasi
(mengurangi inflamasi
paru)
Pada Panduan membuat Ramuan 1 dan 2, tertulis “rebus semua bahan
▪
(termasuk jeruk nipis).
Padahal,
• Pemakaian empirik jeruk nipis adalah tidak direbus, tetapi diperas, lalu airnya
dituang ke dalam gelas yang berisi ramuan jamu yang sudah selesai direbus
(sesaat sebelum diminum).
Catatan Penting • Kandungan Vitamin C dalam jeruk nipis akan rusak jika direbus.
untuk Surat
Edaran Dirjen ▪ Pada Panduan membuat Ramuan 3, hanya ditulis: masukkan pegagan ke
Yankes No. dalam air mendidih.
HK.02.02/ IV/ Padahal,
2243/ 2020 pada • Ada bahan lain, yakni jahe merah, temulawak dan gula aren yang perlu
bagian Contoh direbus juga.
Ramuan
▪ Pada Panduan membuat Ramuan 3, tertulis: bahan Air yang perlu disiapkan
sebanyak 1,5 gelas. Tetapi, pada cara pembuatannya tertulis: direbus,
hingga air tersisa 2 gelas, cara pemakaiannya diminum 2x sehari 1 gelas.
Seharusnya : Bahan airnya 2 gelas, direbus hingga tersisa 1 gelas.
* Kesalahan lain pada Ramuan 3: pegagan 1 ibu jari sudah diperbaiki menjadi 1
jumput.
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Banyak herbal yang telah Dengan sifat adaptogen,
digunakan turun-temurun anti-oksidan,
lintas generasi, di imunomodulator, anti-
Indonesia atau luar inflamasi, dan antivirus,
Indonesia, dapat maka herbal dapat
dimanfaatkan dalam digunakan pada
menghadapi pandemi pemeliharaan kesehatan,
COVID-19, karena bersifat pencegahan dan terapi
imunomodulasi, komplementer COVID-19
adaptogen, anti-inflamasi (yang mempercepat
dan antivirus, dan makin penyembuhan, mencegah
banyak yang terkonfirmasi perburukan, meredakan
keamanan dan khasiatnya gejala serta mengurangi
melalui penelitian in-vitro, efek samping obat
praklinik dan klinik. konvensional).