KARYA AKHIR
Oleh :
MUHAMMAD NABIL KOTO
NIM. 19 02 123
(M.NABIL KOTO)
NIM. 1902123
i
ABSTRAK
ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan Syukur Penulis Ucapkan Kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan
rahmat dan hidayah-Nya. Sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan Karya
Akhir ini.
Karya akhir ini merupakan salah satu syarat untuk meyelesaikan
perkuliahan di Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri (PTKI) Medan guna
memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya Diploma Tiga (D-III).
Dalam penulisan Karya Akhir ini penulis banyak mendapat bantuan dari
berbagai pihak, oleh karena itu pada penulis menyampaikan penghargaan dan dan
ucapan terima kasih teristimewa kepada orang tua penulis Dianet Kusasi dan Yuli
Marni yang telah memberikan dukungan baik moral, dan doa sehingga penulis
dapat menyelesaikan karya akhir ini. Dalam hal ini penulis menyampaikan
penghargaan dan ucapan terimakasih kepada:
1. Bapak Poltak Evencus Hutajulu, MT Selaku Direktur Politeknik Teknologi
Kimia Industri (PTKI) Medan.
2. Bapak Dr. Golfrid Gultom, MT selaku Pembantu Direktur I Politeknik
Teknologi Kimia Industri (PTKI) Medan
3. Ibu Mahyana, SE. selaku Ka. Sub Bag. Administrasi Akademik
Kemahasiswaan dan Kerjasama Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri Medan.
4. Bapak Ir.H.Irwansyah, MT. Selaku Ketua Program Studi Teknik Mekanika
Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri.
5. Bapak Ir. Mustakim, ST.,M.Eng. Selaku Sekretaris Program Studi Teknik
Mekanika. Politeknik Teknologi Kimia Industri, dan selaku dosen
pembimbing II penulis yang telah membimbing penulis serta memberi
dukungan sehingga penulisan Karya Akhir ini dapat terselesaikan.
6. Ibu Nurlianna Tarigan, M.Kom. selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang
membimbing saya dalam penulisan Karya Akhir, sehingga Karya Akhir ini
dapat terselesaikan.
7. Bapak Abdul Aziz Rahmansyah, M.T. selaku dosen wali yang telah
membantu saya dari awal perkuliahan hingga sekarang ini.
8. Seluruh Bapak/Ibu Dosen dan Staf Pegawai di Politeknik Teknologi Kimia
Industri (PTKI) Medan.
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9. Bapak Irfan Syahrizal Siregar selaku Manager di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara
II Kwala Sawit.
10. Bapak Fahmi Alif Utama Harahap, Bapak Waskito Wibowo, dan Bapak
Azizul Adyan yang telah membantu penulis dalam proses Praktek Kerja
Lapangan di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara II Kwala Sawit.
11. Seluruh teman teman mahasiswa st 19 Teknik Mekanika yang telah
berpartisipasi memberikan bantuan baik moril maupun materil, dan doanya
kepada penulis dalam penyelsaian Karya Akhir ini.
12. Tasya Indika Putri selaku teman saya, yang telah memberikan semangat
kepada saya sehingga Karya Akhir saya dapat terselesaikan.
13. Terkhusus kepada teman teman saya, Achmad Gozali, Yusril Pelawi, Rifky
Roynando, Rizky Andrian, Dimas Syahputra.
(M.NABIL KOTO)
NIM: 19 02 123
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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
COVER
PERNYATAAN...................................................................................................i
ABSTRAK............................................................................................................ii
KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................................iii
DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................v
DAFTAR GAMBAR...........................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL..............................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GRAFIK.............................................................................................ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN..................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang.................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah............................................................................2
1.3......................................................................................................Tu
juan Dan Manfaat Penelitian.....................................................................3
1.3.1............................................................................................Tu
juan Penelitian’..........................................................................................3
1.3.2............................................................................................M
anfaat Penelitian........................................................................................3
v
2.2.4............................................................................................Fa
ktor yang mempengaruhi Kinerja Thresher...............................................9
2.3......................................................................................................Co
nveyor........................................................................................................10
2.3.1............................................................................................Kl
asifikasi Conveyor.....................................................................................11
2.3.1.1.............................................................................Be
lt Conveyor 11
2.3.1.2.............................................................................Ch
ain Conveyor 12
2.3.1.3.............................................................................Sc
rew Conveyor 16
2.4......................................................................................................Bu
nch Crusher................................................................................................17
2.4.1............................................................................................
Komponen alat dari Bunch crusher...........................................................19
2.5......................................................................................................Fr
uit Losses...................................................................................................29
2.6......................................................................................................A
nalisa Data.................................................................................................30
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.....................................................................32
3.1......................................................................................................Te
mpat dan Waktu Penelitian........................................................................32
3.1.1............................................................................................Te
mpat Penelitian..........................................................................................32
3.1.2............................................................................................W
aktu Penelitian...........................................................................................32
3.2......................................................................................................Ba
han Dan Alat..............................................................................................32
3.2.1............................................................................................Ba
han Penelitian............................................................................................32
vi
3.2.2............................................................................................Al
at Penelitian 32
3.3......................................................................................................Pe
ngumpulan Data.........................................................................................33
3.4......................................................................................................Sp
esifikasi Alat..............................................................................................33
3.5......................................................................................................Pr
osedur Pengambilan data...........................................................................35
3.6 Kerangka Konseptual.......................................................................36
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN....................................................................................37
4.1 Spesifikasi Alat................................................................................37
4.1.1 Spesifikasi Thresher................................................................37
4.1.2 Spesifikasi Bunch Crusher......................................................37
4.2 Menghitung perbandingan persentase fruit losses...........................37
4.2.1 Mengetahui cara menghitung perbandingan persentase fruit
Losses......................................................................................41
4.3 Perbandingan hasil perhitungan persentase fruit losses...................42
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar Halaman
2.1 Buah Kelapa Sawit..........................................................................................6
2.2 Thresher ..........................................................................................................10
2.3 Belt Conveyor..................................................................................................12
2.4 Empty Bunch Conveyor...................................................................................13
2.5 Apron Conveyor...............................................................................................14
2.6 Bucket Elevator...............................................................................................15
2.7 Screw Conveyor...............................................................................................17
2.8 Screw Conveyor Coupling...............................................................................17
2.9 Bunch Crusher.................................................................................................19
2.10 Elektromotor................................................................................................21
2.11 V-belt...........................................................................................................22
2.12 Pulley...........................................................................................................23
2.13 Gearbox........................................................................................................24
2.14 Chain Coupling............................................................................................26
2.15 Pillow Block Bearing...................................................................................27
2.16 Sprocket........................................................................................................28
2.17 Helical Gear.................................................................................................29
3.1 Kerangka Konseptual......................................................................................35
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman
2.1 Fraksi Kematangan Tandan Buah Segar............................................................7
4.1 Data fruit losses sebelum melewati double deck bunch crusher....................37
4.2 Dara fruit losses sesudah melewati double deck bunch crusher....................38
4.3 Perbandingan hasil persentase sebelum dan setelah melewati
Double deck bunch crusher.............................................................................39
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik Halaman
4.1 Grafik Fruit Losses sebelum melewati bunch crusher....................................40
4.2 Grafik Fruit Losses setelah melewati bunch crusher......................................40