YULIA KHOERUNNISA
1418104061
ABSTRAK
iii
EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE AND WORK STRESS ON EMPLOYEE
PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENTS AS
INTERVENING VARIABLES
YULIA KHOERUNNISA
1418104061
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study to collect data and get information about the
Effect of Leadership Style and Work Stress on Employee Performance with
Organizational Commitment as Intervening Variables conducted on the Staff of
the General Election Commission of Pangandaran Regency.
The research method used is descriptive and verification. The analysis in
this study was the employee of Pangandaran Regency KPU. The method used was
a saturated sample or census of 41 respondents. This research was assisted with
SPSS statistical tool version 25.0. Questionnaire testing with validity and
reliability tests. The analysis method uses the classic assumption test, multiple
linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing and path analysis.
The results showed that partially the leadership style had a positive and
significant influence on organizational commitment. Job stress has a negative and
significant effect on organizational commitment. Leadership style has a positive
and significant influence on employee performance. Job stress has a negative and
significant effect on employee performance. Organizational commitment has a
positive and significant effect on employee performance. Simultaneously
leadership style and work stress affect performance. Leadership style has an
indirect effect on employee performance through organizational commitment and
work stress has an indirect effect on employee performance through
organizational commitment.
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Bismillahirrahmaanirrahiim
Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur dipanjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang
beserta keluarga, sahabat dan sampai kepada ummatnya yang telah menjadi
teladan terbaik.
Penyusunan Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat dalam
dapat memberikan manfaat untuk semua pihak. Terlepas dari hal tersebut, dengan
kerendahan hati, maka dengan penuh rasa hormat dan ungkapan terima kasih yang
v
1. Prof. Dr. H. Obsatar Sinaga, S.IP., M.Si selaku Rektor Universitas
Widyatama.
2. Prof. Dr. Mohd Haizam Bin Mohd. Saudi selaku Direktur Sekolah
menempuh studi.
pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu per satu yang sangat membantu baik
7. Kedua orang tua tercinta Bapak Dedi Nurdin dan Ibu Oneng Kania yang
dukungan lahir batin, kekuatan do’a yang terus dipanjatkan tiada henti untuk
8. Suami tercinta Akang Roni Yudiana yang selalu memberikan motivasi serta
doa dan selalu menjadi teman diskusi serta tempat bertukar pikir yang terbaik.
vi
9. Adik tercinta Syifa Nabila, Bapak Ibu Mertua, Kakak Ipar, Keluarga Besar
Bapak Halil, Bapak Suhlia, Bapak Drs. Muhammad Rasyid Ridla., M.Si yang
10. Teruntuk dede bayi yang saat ini masih dalam kandungan, terima kasih sudah
11. Teruntuk seluruh guru, kerabat dan sahabat yang selalu membimbing,
12. Keluarga besar Magister Manajemen Angkatan 74, guru-guru, kerabat dan
13. Semua pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan, doa, semangat serta motivasi
Akhir kata, semoga Tesis ini dapat memberikan manfaat untuk semua
pihak.
Penyusun,
vii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN....................................................................................i
SURAT PERNYATAAN.......................................................................................ii
ABSTRAK.............................................................................................................iii
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................iv
KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................v
DAFTAR ISI.........................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah....................................................................................1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah...........................................................................................11
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................11
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..........................................................................................12
viii
2.1.3 Gaya Kepemimpinan...........................................................................27
2.1.3.1 Pengertian Kepemimpinan dan Gaya Kepemimpinan............27
2.1.3.2 Sejarah Perkembangan Teori Kepemimpinan.........................30
2.1.3.3 Fungsi Kepemimpinan............................................................35
2.1.3.4 Tipologi Kepemimpinan.........................................................36
2.1.3.5 Dimensi dan Indikator Gaya Kepemimpinan..........................38
2.1.4 Stres Kerja...........................................................................................39
2.1.4.1 Pengertian Stres Kerja.............................................................39
2.1.4.2 Faktor Penyebab Stres Kerja...................................................40
2.1.4.3 Cara Menanggulangi Stres Kerja............................................41
2.1.4.4 Dimensi dan Indikator Stres Kerja..........................................42
2.1 Penelitian Yang Relevan.................................................................................43
2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran........................................................................................48
2.3.1 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi......48
2.3.2 Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi......................49
2.3.3 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai...............50
2.3.4 Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai...............................51
2.3.5 Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai..............51
2.3.6 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan
Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening..........................52
2.3.7 Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Komitmen
Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening............................................53
2.3 Paradigma Penelitian.......................................................................................54
2.4 Hipotesis..........................................................................................................55
ix
...............................................................................................................
3.2.2. Jenis Penelitian Berdasarkan Dimensi Waktu.........57
3.2.3.Jenis Penelitian Berdasarkan Manfaat...............................................58
3.2.4. Jenis Penelitian Berdasarkan Teknik Pengumpulan
Data 58
3.3 Lokasi Penelitian..............................................................................................58
3.4 Definisi Variabel..............................................................................................66
3.4.1 Variabel Bebas (Independent Variable)............................................66
3.4.2 Variabel Penengah (Intervening Variable).......................................67
3.4.3 Variabel Terikat (Dependent Variable)............................................67
3.5 Operasionalisasi Variabel................................................................................68
3.6 Populasi Penelitian..........................................................................................72
3.7 Skala Pengukuran............................................................................................73
3.8 Teknik Pengumpulan Data..............................................................................76
3.8.1 Data Primer.......................................................................................76
3.8.2 Data Sekunder...................................................................................77
3.9 Teknik Pengumpulan Data..............................................................................77
3.9.1 Uji Kualitas ......................................................................................77
3.9.1.1 Uji Validitas.............................................................................77
3.9.1.2 Uji Reliabilitas.........................................................................79
3.9.2 Teknik Pengolahan Data...................................................................80
3.9.2.1 Analisis Statistik Deskriptif.....................................................80
3.9.2.2 Uji Asumsi Klasik...................................................................80
3.9.2.2.1 Uji Multikolinearitas.................................................80
3.9.2.2.2 Uji Heteroskedastisitas..............................................81
3.9.2.2.3 Uji Normalitas...........................................................81
3.9.2.2.4 Uji Linearitas.............................................................82
3.9.2.3 Analisis Regresi.......................................................................82
3.9.2.4 Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda...........................................82
3.9.2.4.1 Analisis Regresi Tahap 1...........................................83
3.9.2.4.2 Analisis Regresi Tahap 2...........................................83
x
3.9.2.5 Uji Hipotesis............................................................................84
3.9.2.5.1 Uji Statistik t..............................................................84
3.9.2.5.2 Uji Statistik F............................................................85
3.9.2.5.3 Koefisien Korelasi dan Determinasi.........................85
3.9.2.6 Analisis Jalur dan Uji Sobel....................................................86
3.9.2.6.1 Analisis Jalur.............................................................86
3.9.2.6.2 Uji Sobel....................................................................88
xi
4.5.1.2 Hasil Uji Statistik F........................................................113
4.5.1.3 Koefisien Korelasi dan Determinasi...............................114
4.5.2 Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan, Stres Kerja dan Komitmen
Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai........................................115
..........................................................................................................
4.5.2.1 Hasil Uji Statistik t.........................................................115
4.5.2.2 Hasil Uji Statistik F........................................................117
4.5.2.3 Koefisien Korelasi dan Determinasi...............................117
4.5.3 Analisis Jalur..............................................................................118
4.5.3.1 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Stres Kerja Terhadap
Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Komitmen Organisasi...................119
4.6 Pembahasan...................................................................................................124
4.6.1 Model Struktural 1............................................................................124
4.6.1.1 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Komitmen
Organisasi..............................................................................125
4.6.1.2 Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi.........126
4.6.2 Model Struktural 2............................................................................126
4.6.2.1 Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Terhadap Komitmen
Organisasi..............................................................................127
4.6.2.2 Pengaruh Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai...................127
.....................................................................................................
4.6.2.3 Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. 128
4.6.3 Model Analisis Jalur..........................................................................129
4.6.3.1 Pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja pegawai
dengan komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening. ..129
4.6.3.2 Pengaruh Stres Kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan
komitmen organisasi sebagai variabel intervening................130
.....................................................................................................
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................132
5.2 Keterbatasan Penelitian.................................................................................133
xii
5.3 Saran 134
DAFTAR PUSTAKA.........................................................................................136
LAMPIRAN........................................................................................................137
DAFTAR TABEL
xiii
Terakhir Responden……………………………………
Tabel 4.5 Rekapitulasi Pernyataan Gaya Kepemimpinan ………. 95
Tabel 4.6 Rekapitulasi Pernyataan Stres Kerja …………………. 98
Tabel 4.7 Rekapitulasi Pernyataan Komitmen Organisasi ……… 100
Tabel 4.8 Rekapitulasi Pernyataan Kinerja Pegawai …….……… 102
Tabel 4.9 Rekapitulasi Deskriptif Variabel Penelitian .….……… 103
Tabel 4.10 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Gaya Kepemimpinan ……... 104
Tabel 4.11 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Stres Kerja ………………... 105
Tabel 4.12 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Komitmen Organisasi……... 105
Tabel 4.13 Hasil Pengujian Validitas Kinerja Pegawai …………... 106
Tabel 4.14 Hasil Pengujian Reliabilitas Kuesioner Penelitian …... 106
Tabel 4.15 Hasil Pengujian Multikolinearitas ………..…………... 108
Tabel 4.16 Hasil Pengujian Heteroskedastisitas .……..…………... 109
09Tabel Hasil Pengujian Normalitas …………………………... 110
4.17
Tabel 4.18 Hasil Pengujian Linearitas ……………………………. 111
Tabel 4.19 Regresi Linear Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Stres Kerja 112
Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi ………………………
Tabel 4.20 Hasil Uji Statistik F Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Stres 113
Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi ………………..
Tabel 4.21 Hasil Koefisien Determinasi (R2) Gaya Kepemimpinan 114
dan Stres Kerja Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi……...
Tabel 4.22 Regresi Linear Gaya Kepemimpinan, Stres Kerja 116
Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai……..
Tabel 4.23 Hasil Uji Statistik F Gaya Kepemimpinan, Stres Kerja 117
Komitmen Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai …….
Tabel 4.24 Hasil Koefisien Determinasi (R2) Gaya 118
Kepemimpinan, Stres Kerja Komitmen Organisasi
terhadap Kinerja Pegawai……………………………...
Tabel 4.25 Ringkasan Estimasi Parameter Model………………… 119
Tabel 4.26 Ringkasan Hasil Analisis Jalur………..……………… 124
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
xvi