DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................. i

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................. vii
BAB 1 ........................................................................................................................... 1
PENDAHULUAN........................................................................................................ 1
A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................... 1
B. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................... 2
C. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................. 3
D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................................... 3
BAB II .......................................................................................................................... 4
KAJIAN TEORITIS ................................................................................................... 4
A. Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi (Higher Order Thingking Skill) ............ 4
1. Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ........................................................................ 5
2. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ....................................................................... 8
3. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah.............................................................. 11
B. Hidrolisis Garam ............................................................................................. 13
1. Konsep Hidrolisis Garam ........................................................................... 13
2. Jenis garam dan reaksi hidrolisis ............................................................... 13
3. Nilai pH Larutan Garam............................................................................. 16
C. Kajian Yang Relevan ................................................................................ 20
BAB III ....................................................................................................................... 22
METODE PENELITIAN ......................................................................................... 22
A. Tempat Dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... 22
B. Jenis Penelitian .............................................................................................. 22

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 C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ........................................................................... 22
1. Populasi Penelitian .............................................................................. 22
2. Sampel Penelitian ................................................................................. 23
D. Instrumen Penelitian ...................................................................................... 23
E. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................ 24
1. Tes .......................................................................................................... 24
2. Observasi Partisipasi Pasif...................................................................... 24
3. Dokumentasi ........................................................................................... 25
F. Teknik Analisis Data ..................................................................................... 25
BAB IV ....................................................................................................................... 27
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................. 27
A. Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................................. 27
1. Analisis Data Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi ................................. 27
1.1 Analisis Data Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis............................................... 27
a. Indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Sederhana................................ 29
b. Indikator Membangun Keterampilan Dasar ................................... 29
c. Indikator Menyimpulkan ................................................................ 30
d. Indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Lanjut....................................... 31
e. Indikator Mengatur Strategi dan Taktik.......................................... 32
1.2 Analisis Data Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ............................................. 35
a. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Aspek Keluwesan (Flexibilty) ........ 37
b. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Aspek Kelancaran (Fluency) .......... 38
c. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Aspek Kebaruan (Originality) ........ 39
d. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Aspek Merinci (Elaboration) .......... 40
1.3 Analisis Data Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah .................................... 44
a. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Aspek Memahami Masalah
........................................................................................................ 46
b. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Aspek Merencanakan
Masalah ........................................................................................... 47

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 c. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Aspek Melaksanakan
Masalah ........................................................................................... 48
d. Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Aspek Memeriksa Kembali
........................................................................................................ 49
2. Perbandingan Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi .................................. 50
B. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................ 51
1. Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa .............................................................. 52
1.1 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Indikator
Memberikan Penjelasan Sederhana ................................................ 54
1.2 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Indikator
Membangun Keterampilan Dasar ................................................... 55
1.3 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Indikator
Menyimpulkan ................................................................................ 55
1.4 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Indikator
Memberikan Penjelasan Lanjut ...................................................... 56
1.5 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Indikator
Mengatur Strategi dan Taktik ......................................................... 57
2. Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa ........................................................... 58
2.1 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Indikator
Berpikir Luwes ............................................................................... 59
2.2 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Indikator
Berpikir Lancar ............................................................................... 60
2.3 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Indikator
Berpikir Kebaruan .......................................................................... 61
2.4 Deskripsi Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa pada Indikator
Berpikir Merinci ............................................................................. 62
3 Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa .................................................... 62
3.1 Deskrpsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Tahap memahami
masalah ........................................................................................... 63
3.2 Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Tahap
merencanakan masalah ................................................................... 64

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 3.3 Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Tahap
melaksanakan rencana .................................................................... 66
3.4 Deskripsi Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Pada Tahap memeriksa
kembali ........................................................................................... 68
BAB V......................................................................................................................... 70
KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................. 70
A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 70
B. Saran ........................................................................................................ 70
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 71

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 DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel Halaman

Tabel 2.1 Dasar Konsep Higher Order Thingking Skills ............................................. 5

Tabel 2.2 Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ................................................ 7
Tabel 2.3 Kategori Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ...................................................... 10
Tabel 2.4 Kategori Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ...................................................... 11
Tabel 3.1 Populasi Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA N 1 Telaga Biru ................................. 22
Tabel 3.2 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Berpikir Kritis ............................................................. 23
Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Berpikir Kreatif ........................................................... 23
Tabel 3.4 Kisi-kisi Instrumen Pemecahan Masalah .................................................... 24
Tabel 3.5 Kriteria Persentase Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa .............................. 26
Tabel 3.6 Kriteria Persentase Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa............................ 26
Tabel 3.5 Kriteria Persentase Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa .................... 26
Tabel 4.1 Rekapitulasi Seluruh Indikator Berpikir Kritis ........................................... 27
Tabel 4.2 Persentase Skor Perindikator Berpikir Kritis .............................................. 33
Tabel 4.3 Distribusi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ....................................................... 34
Tabel 4.4 Rekapitulasi Seluruh Indikator Berpikir Kreatif ......................................... 36
Tabel 4.5 Persentase Skor Perindikator Berpikir Kreatif ............................................ 41
Tabel 4.6 Distribusi Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ....................................................... 43
Tabel 4.7 Indikator Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ............................................... 44
Tabel 4.8 Rekapitulasi Seluruh Indikator Pemecahan Masalah .................................. 45
Tabel 4.9 Perbandingan Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi .................................. 51

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

Gambar 4.1 Persentase Seluruh Indikator Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ................... 28

Gambar 4.2 Persentase Indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Sederhana ...................... 29
Gambar 4.3 Persentase Indikator Membangun Keterampilan Dasar ......................... 30
Gambar 4.4 Persentase Indikator Menyimpulkan ...................................................... 31
Gambar 4.5 Persentase Indikator Memberikan Penjelasan Lanjut ............................ 31
Gambar 4.6 Persentase Indikator Mengatur Strategi dan Taktik ............................... 32
Gambar 4.7 Persentase Rata-Rata Skor Indikator Berpikir Kritis ............................. 34
Gambar 4.8 Gambaran Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa....................................... 35
Gambar 4.9 Persentase Seluruh Indikator Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif .................. 37
Gambar 4.10 Persentase Indikator Aspek Keluwesan (Flexibilty) ............................ 38
Gambar 4.11 Persentase Indikator Aspek Kelancaran (Fluency) .............................. 39
Gambar 4.12 Persentase Indikator Aspek Kebaruan (Originality) ............................ 40
Gambar 4.13 Persentase Indikator Aspek Merinci (Elaboration) .............................. 41
Gambar 4.14 Persentase Rata-Rata Skor Indikator Berpikir Kreatif ......................... 42
Gambar 4.15 Gambaran Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa .................................. 44
Gambar 4.16 Persentase Seluruh Indikator Pemecahan Masalah .............................. 46
Gambar 4.17 Persentase Masing-Masing Butir Soal Indikator Memahami Masalah 46
Gambar 4.18 Persentase Masing-Masing Butir Soal Indikator Merencanakan
Masalah ....................................................................................................................... 47
Gambar 4.19 Persentase Masing-Masing Butir Soal Indikator Melaksanakan
Rencana ....................................................................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.17 Persentase Masing-Masing Butir Soal Indikator Memeriksa Kembali 50

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 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran Halaman

Lampiran 1 Kisi-kisi, Kunci Jawaban dan Rubrik Penskoran Kemampuan Berpikir

Kritis............................................................................................................................ 75
Lampiran 2 Kisi-kisi, Kunci Jawaban dan Rubrik Penskoran Kemampuan Berpikir
Kreatif ......................................................................................................................... 79
Lampiran 3 Kisi-kisi, Kunci Jawaban dan Rubrik Penskoran Kemampuan Pemecahan
Masalah ....................................................................................................................... 82
Lampiran 4 Validasi Instrumen Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ..................................... 89
Lampiran 5 Validasi Instrumen Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif................................... 91
Lampiran 6 Validasi Instrumen Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ........................... 93
Lampiran 7 Jawaban Siswa Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis ........................................... 95
Lampiran 8 Jawaban Siswa Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ......................................... 98
Lampiran 9 Jawaban Siswa Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................ 100
Lampiran 10 Analisis Data Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis .......................................... 105
Lampiran 11 Analisis Data Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif ....................................... 109
Lampiran 12 Analisis Data Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah ................................ 112
Lampiran 13 Dokumentasi Kegiatan Penelitian ....................................................... 125

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