REAKTOR
fungsi : mereaksikan benzyl chloride ( C7H7Cl ) dengan natrium sianida ( NaCN )
menjadi produk benzyl cyanide ( C7H7CN )
Jenis : Reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk ( RATB )
kondisi operasi
suhu = 80 ℃ = 353 K
tekanan = 1 atm
fasa reaksi = cair-cair
perbandingan mol reaktan = 1 : 1
konversi yang ingin di capai = 95 %
C7H7Cl (l)
C7H7Cl (l)
H2O (l)
H2O (l)
NaCN (S)
NaCN (S)
C7H7CN (l)
NaCl (S)
Tabel Stokiometri
komponen masuk bereaksi sisa
Benzyl chloride FA0 FB0.XB FA=FA0 ─ FB0.XB
Natrium Sianida FB0 FB0.XB FB= FB0.( 1─ XB )
Benzyl sianida FC0 FB0.XB FC = FC0 + FB0.XB
Natrium Chloride FD0 FB0.XB FD = FD0 + FB0.XB
FA = FA0 ─ FB0.XB
= 34,1703 ─ ( 34,17 x 95% )
= 1,7085 kmol/jam
= 215,273 kg/jam
FB = FB0 x ( 1 ─ XB )
= 34,17 x ( 1 ─ 95% )
= 1,7085 kmol/jam
= 83,717 kg/jam
FC = FC0 + ( FB0 x XB )
= 0 + ( 34,17 x 95% )
= 32,4618 kmol/jam
= 3798,026 kg/jam
FD = FD0 + ( FB0 x XB )
= 0 + ( 34,17 x 95% )
= 32,4618 kmol/jam
= 1882,7820 kg/jam
PERHITUNGAN
REAKTOR
Stokiometri :
95%
C7H7Cl (l) + NaCN(aq) C7H7CN(l) + NaCl(s)
M 34,1703 34,1703 - -
R 32,4618 32,4618 32,4618 32,4618
S 1,7085 1,7085 32,4618 32,4618
A.Umpan
NeracaMasuk
massa total
Reaktor
masuk reaktor
Q0 = 9003,3238 L/jam
= FB0.XB
k. CB0.(1-XB).(CAO-CBO.XB)
= Q0.XB
k.CB0.(1-XB).(M-XB) ( Fogler, 2nd ed.1992 )
dimana :
FBo =laju alir natrium sianida masuk reaktor (kmol/jam)
CAo =konsentrasi benzil klorida masuk reaktor (kmol/L)
CBO =konsentrasi natrium sianida masuk reaktor ( kmol/L )
M =rasio mol umpan masuk ( rasio jumlah mol dari dua senyawa yang terlibat
dalam reaksi kimia )
F = 34,1703 kmol/jam kmol /L
CAo = A0 = 0,003795
Qo 9003,3238 L/jam
CA0 0,003795
M = = = 1
CB0 0,003795
Menghitung konstanta kecepatan laju reaksi persamaan
Kecepatan laju reaksi dapat ditulis sebagai berikut : `
𝑐𝑎𝑙
14800
𝑘 = 1 𝑥 107 𝑒𝑥𝑝 − 𝑚𝑜𝑙 L/mol.sec
𝑅𝑇
= 24691,5199 L/Kmol.jam
= CBo . Qo. XB
k . CBO . (1 - XB).CBo ( CAo- XB)
CBo dengan :
= CBo . Qo. XB M = CAo
k . CBo. (1 - XB). CBo. (M - XB) CBo
= Qo. XB
k. ( 1- XB ). CBo. ( M - XB )
V2 = Qo. (XB2-XB1)
k.(1-XB2).CBo(M-XB2)
PERHITUNGAN
REAKTOR
menyamakan persamaan (1) = (2) untuk memperoleh nilai XB1 dan XB2 :
V1 = V2
Qo.XB1 = Qo (XB2 - XB1)
k.(1-XB1).CBo(M-XB1) k.(1-XB2).CBo.(M-XB2)
V3 = FBo(XB3-XB2)
(-rB)
FBo . (XB3-XB2)
V2 =
k. CB. CA
V3 = FBo(XB3-XB2)
k.CBo.(1-XB3)(CAo-CBoXB3)
CBo . Qo. (XB3-XB2) dimana :
V3 =
k . CBo . (1 - XB3) CBo ( CAo - XB3) M = CAo
CBo CBo
V3 = CBo. Qo. (XB3-XB2)
k.CBo.(1-XB3)CBo(M-XB3)
V3 = Qo. (XB3-XB2)
k.(1-XB3).CBo(M-XB3)
V1 = V2 = V3
Qo.XB1 = Qo. (XB2-XB1) = Qo. (XB3-XB2)
k.(1-XB1)CBo.(M-XB1) k.(1-XB2)CBo(M-XB2) k.(1-XB3).CBo(M-XB3)
Misalkan : XB1 = X
XB2 = Y
PERHITUNGAN
REAKTOR
X Y-X
=
(1 - X).(1 - X) (1 - Y).(1 - Y)
X Y-X
=
1 - 2X + X2 1 - 2Y + Y2
X - 2XY +XY2 = ( Y - X ) ( 1 - 2X + X2 )
X - 2XY + XY2 = Y - 2XY + X2Y - X + 2X2 - X3
2X + XY2 - Y - X2Y - 2X2 + X3 = 0
X = (0,95 - Y)
(1 - X).(1 - X) (1-0,95).(1-0,95)
X ( 0,95 - Y )
=
1 - 2X + X2 0,0025
0,0025X = ( 0,95 - Y ) ( 1 - 2X + X2 )
0,0025X = 0,95 - 1,9X + 0,95X2 - Y + 2XY - X2Y
Y - 2XY + X2Y = 0,95 - 1,9X + 0,95X2 - 0,0025X
Y (1 - 2X + X2) = 0,95 - 1,9X + 0,95X2 - 0,0025X
2
Y = 0,95 - 1,9X + 0,95X - 0,0025X
(1 - 2X + X2)
subtitusi y ke persamaan (1) : :
0,95 −1,9𝑥+0,95𝑥2 −0,0025𝑥 2 0,95 −1,9𝑥+0,95𝑥2 −0,0025𝑥 0,95 −1,9𝑥+0,95𝑥2 −0,0025𝑥
2𝑥 + 𝑥 - −𝑥 2 −2𝑥 2 +
1 −2𝑥+𝑥2 1 −2𝑥+𝑥2 1 −2𝑥+𝑥2
𝑥3 = 0
dari persamaan di atas menggunakan goal seek di peroleh XB1 :
Xa0 = 0 k = 24691,5199 L/kmol.jam
XB1 = 0,52123 Qo = 9003,3238 L/jam
XB2 = 0,9112 CBo = 0,003795 kmol/L
XB3 = 0,95
Menghitung volume reaktor-03/unit
V1 = V2 = V3 = Qo.XB1
k.(1-XB1)CBo.(M-XB1)
= 9003,3238 x 0,5212
24691,5199 x 0,003795 x ( 1 x 0,5212 ) x ( 1 - 0,5212 )
V3 = 218,4705 L
= 0,2185 m3
= 48,1212 gal
PERHITUNGAN
REAKTOR