TERMODINAMIK dan KINETIK

PROSES REDUKSI BIJIH BESI

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bambang Suharno

Dr.-Ing. Reza M. Ulum

Kuliah 3-4 Pembuatan Besi Baja

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department
University of Indonesia
Semester Genap 2020-2021
University of
Pendahuluan
Indonesia

▪ Sebagian besar metal diproduksi dari MeO

(Senyawa Oksida) Fe2O3,Cr2O3, MnO, SnO2,
dll dengan cara mereduksinya
(mengeluarkan Oksigen dari mineralnya)
▪ Kecuali : Pb, Zn dari senyawa Sulfida
PbS , ZnS

Roasting (+ O2)

MeO
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Reduktor
Indonesia

C Industri/teknis
Reducing Agent CO
H2 Ekonomis

Di alam : - Kokas (berasal dari cooking coal)

- Coal (batubara)
- Natural gas (CH4)

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Termodinamika Reduksi MeO
Indonesia

Jika solid C (misal Kokas or Coal) tersedia

Reaksi : MeO + CO  Me + CO2
C + CO2  2 CO
MeO + C  Me + CO

Reaksi MeO , Me & C , terjadi pada perpotongan antara 2

reaksi tsb
SnO , Sn , C pada (PCO2+PCO) = 1 atm

→ ≈ 610 oC
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Termodinamika Reduksi MeO
Indonesia

▪ Reduksi
▪ SnO2 oleh C → Sn > 610 oC
▪ Fe3O4 → FeO > 650 oC
▪ FeO → Fe > 700 oC
▪ MnO , SiO2 → Mn , Si > 1400 – 1600 oC
▪ Al2O3 = ??
▪ NiO = ??
▪ PbO = ??

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Topokimia Reduksi Bijih Besi
Indonesia

Fe
CO
FeO
CO2
Fe3O4

H2
H2O
Fe2O3
Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Reduksi Bijih Besi
Indonesia

▪ Reaksi dimulai dari bagian luar permukaan bijih besi ke

dalam
▪ Reaksi reduksi berlangsung secara bertahap

I. 3 Fe2O3 + H2 (CO) = 2 Fe3O4 + H2O (CO2) -H

II. Fe3O4 + H2 (CO) = 3 FeO + H2O (CO2) +H

III. FeO + H2 (CO) = Fe + H2O (CO2) +H

IV. Fe2O3 + 4 H2 (CO)= Fe + 4 H2O (4 CO2) +H

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Reaksi Boudouard
Indonesia

Jika dalam sistem reduksi terdapat unsur karbon dalam keadaan

padat maka akan terdapat kesetimbangan
C + CO2  2 CO  H = + 170.000 J/mol
▪ Hal ini terjadi pada tanur tinggi , dimana kokas sebagai reduktor
K = P2CO = P2CO
PCO2 . aC PCO2
- RT ln K = - RT ln P2CO
PCO2
- RT ln K =  H -  SR . T
= 40500 - 41,25 T
- RT ln P2CO/PCO2 = 40500 - 41,25 T

Jika PCO + PCO2 = 1 atm→ Diperoleh kurva boudouard

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI
University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Baur-Glaessner Diagram
Indonesia

▪ Merupakan kesetimbangan sistem

• Fe – O – C &
• Fe – O – H
▪ Daerah :
▪ Fe2O3
▪ Fe3O4
▪ FeO
▪ Fe

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Kurva Boudouard
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Boudouard-Baur-Glaessner Diagram
Indonesia

▪ Secara termodinamik , Fe metal pertama kali terbentuk

pada perpotongan garis Boudouard dengan garis
kesetimbangan
FeO + CO  Fe + CO2
→ pada 710 0C, CO = 60 %
▪ Titik ini dapat bergeser pada T rendah atau T tinggi
tergantung pada tekanan
▪ Jika campuran gas = 40 % CO , temp. 675 oC
→ reduksi Fe3O4 + CO = 3 FeO + CO2

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Fe-Ni
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

University of
Indonesia

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI

 Tugas kelompok/ presentasi
University of
Indonesia
Mulai Minggu depan
▪ Kel 1 : Blast Furnace Isi Presentasi Minimum
▪ Kel 2 : Midrex Process 1. Flow Process
▪ Kel 3 : Hylsa Process 2. Mass Ballance
- Input Material
▪ Kel 4: SL – RN (Rotary Kiln)
- Output (Produk)
Process
3. Reaksi Kimia yg Terjadi
▪ Kel 5 : Fluidized Bed 4. Penjelasan Peralatan
Process 5. By Product Handling
▪ Kel 6 & 7: Smelting (Gas,Debu, Slag etc)
Reduction (Corex) Process

Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Department UI