1 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the length of a

. wire, l, and its resistance, R.

The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in Diagram A. An ammeter, dry cells, a rheostat,
a switch and a piece of constantan wire are connected in series.
A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference, V, across the constantan wire
between P and Q.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara panjang
suatu dawai, l, dengan rintangan, R.
Susunan radas ditunjukkan pada Rajah A. Sebuah ammeter, sel kering, reostat, suis dan
dawai konstantan
disambung secara sesiri.
Sebuah voltmeter digunakan untuk mengukur beza keupayaan, V, merentasi dawai
konstantan antara P dan Q.

Diagram A
Rajah A

A constantan wire of length, l = 20.0 cm is connected between P and Q. When the switch is
on, the rheostat
is adjusted until the ammeter reading is 0.50 A. The voltmeter reading, V, is as shown in
Diagram B.
The procedure is repeated with constantan wires of length, l = 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm
and 100.0 cm.
The corresponding voltmeter readings across P and Q are shown in Diagrams C, D, E,
and F.
Dawai konstantan yang mempunyai panjang, l = 20.0 cm disambung antara P dan Q.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, reostat dilaraskan sehingga bacaan ammeter adalah 0.50 A.
Bacaan voltmeter, V, adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah B.
Prosedur diulangi dengan dawai konstantan yang mempunyai panjang, l = 40.0 cm, 60.0
cm. 80.0 cm dan
100.0 cm.
 Bacaan voltmeter yang sepadan, yang merentasi P dan Q, ditunjukkan pada Rajah C, D, E
dan F.

V = .....................                                                 V = .....................
Length of wire, l = 20.0 cm                                  Length of wire, l = 40.0 cm
Panjang dawai, l = 20.0 cm                                 Panjang dawai, l = 40.0 cm
Diagram B                                                               Diagram C
Rajah B                                                                    Rajah C

V = .....................                                               V = .....................
Length of wire, l = 60.0 cm                                 Length of wire, l = 80.0 cm
Panjang dawai, l = 60.0 cm                                 Panjang dawai, l = 80.0 cm
Diagram D                                                           Diagram E
Rajah D                                                                Rajah E

V = .....................
Length of wire, l = 100.0 cm
Panjang dawai, l = 100.0 cm
Diagram F
Rajah F

(a) For the experiment described above, identify:

Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di atas, kenal pasti:
(i) The manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
 _______________________________________________________________________
___________
[1 mark]
[1 markah

(ii) The responding variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

_______________________________________________________________________
___________
[1 mark]
[1 markah

(iii The constant variable

) Pembolehubah dimalarkan

_______________________________________________________________________
___________
[1 mark]
[1 markah

(b Based on Diagrams B, C, D, E and F :

) Berdasarkan Rajah B, C, D, E dan F :
(i) Record the voltmeter readings, V, in the spaces provided.
Catatkan bacaan voltmeter, V, dalam ruang yang disediakan.
[2 marks]
[2 markah

(ii)
Calculate the values of R for each length of wire using the formula  .

Hitung nilai-nilai R bagi setiap panjang dawai menggunakan formula  .

[2 marks]
[2 markah

(iii)Tabulate your results for V and R for all values of l, in the space below.
Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi V dan R untuk semua nilai l, pada ruang di bawah.
 [3 marks]
[3 markah

(c On the graph paper below, plot a graph of R against l.

) Pada kertas graf di bawah, lukis graf R melawan l.
[5 marks]
[5 markah

(d Based on your graph in (c), state the relationship between R and l.

) Berdasarkan graf anda di (c), nyatakan hubungan antara R dengan l.

__________________________________________________________________________
___________
[1 mark]
[1 markah