MAKALAH

KIND OF TEXT IN ENGLISH

Disusun oleh :
Nama : Rakha Aditya Alif Putra
Kelas : 11 IPS 2
M. Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris

SMA PERGURUAN RAKYAT 3

DUREN SAWIT

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Tuhan yang telah menolong hamba-Nya menyelesaikan makalah
ini dengan penuh kemudahan. Tanpa pertolongan Dia mungkin penyusun tidak
akan sanggup menyelesaikan dengan baik. Makalah ini disusun agar pembaca
dapat memperluas ilmu tentang KIND OF TEXT IN ENGLISH, yang kami
sajikan berdasarkan pengamatan dari berbagai sumber. Makalah ini di susun oleh
penyusun dengan berbagai rintangan. Baik itu yang datang dari diri penyusun
maupun yang datang dari luar. Namun dengan penuh kesabaran dan terutama
pertolongan dari Tuhan akhirnya makalah ini dapat terselesaikan. Semoga
makalah ini dapat memberikan wawasan yang lebih luas kepada pembaca.
Walaupun makalah ini memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan. Penyusun mohon
untuk saran dan kritiknya. Terima kasih.

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 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR.............................................................................................2
BAB I.......................................................................................................................4
A. Latar Belakang Masalah................................................................................4
B. Rumusan Masalah.........................................................................................5
C. Tujuan...........................................................................................................5
BAB II......................................................................................................................6
2.1. Narrative Text............................................................................................6
2.2. Descriptive Text........................................................................................8
2.3. Report Text..............................................................................................10
2.4. Recount Text...........................................................................................11
2.5. Procedure Text........................................................................................13
BAB III..................................................................................................................15
3.1. Kesimpulan..............................................................................................15
BAB IV PENUTUP...............................................................................................15
DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................................16

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 BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang Masalah

Lembaga pendidikan mengemban misi yang besar dan mulia untuk mencerdaskan
kehidupan bangsa. Pendidikan dianggap sebagai suatu investasi yang paling
berharga dalam bentuk peningkatan kualitas sumber daya insani. Kebesaran suatu
bangsa seringkali diukur dari sejauhmana masyarakatnya mengenyam pendidikan.
Semakin tinggi pendidikan yang dimiliki oleh suatu masyarakat, maka semakin
majulah bangsa tersebut. Kualitas pendidikan tidak saja dilihat dari kemegahan
fasilitas pendidikan yang dimiliki, tetapi sejauh mana output (lulusan) yang
dihasilkan oleh suatu lembaga pendidikan dapat memenuhi harapan, baik itu
harapan peserta didik, harapan orang tua, harapan masyarakat, maupun harapan
bangsa. Pendidikan merupakan upaya manusia untuk memperluas cakrawala
pengetahuan dalam rangka membentuk nilai, sikap, dan perilaku peserta didik.
Sebagai upaya yang bukan saja membuahkan manfaat yang besar, pendidikan juga
merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia yang sering dirasakan belum
memenuhi harapan. Hal ini dirasakan banyak lulusan pendidikan formal yang
belum dapat memenuhi kriteria tuntutan lapangan kerja yang tersedia, apalagi
menciptakan lapangan kerja baru sebagai presentase penguasaan ilmu yang
diperolehnya dari lembaga pendidikan. Kondisi ini merupakan gambaran
rendahnya kualitas pendidikan kita. Banyak pihak berpendapat bahwa rendahnya
mutu pendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menghambat penyediaan
sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai keahlian dan keterampilan untuk
memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan bangsa di berbagai bidang. Rendahnya mutu
pendidikan terkait dengan skenario yang digunakan oleh pemerintah dalam
membangun pendidikan yang selama ini lebih menekankan pada pendekatan input
dan output. Pemerintah berkeyakinan bahwa dengan meningkatkan mutu input
maka dengan sendirinya akan dapat meningkatkan mutu output. Dengan
keyakinan tersebut, kebijakan dan upaya yang ditempuh pemerintah adalah
pengadaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan, pengadaan guru, menatar para guru,

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dan menyediakan dana operasional pendidikan secara lebih memadai. Kenyataan
tersebut memberi gambaran umum bahwa pendekatan input dan output secara
makro belum menjamin peningkatan mutu sekolah dalam rangka meningkatkan
dan meratakan mutu pendidikan. Pendekatan input dan output yang bersifat makro
tersebut kurang memperhatikan aspek yang bersifat mikro yaitu proses yang
terjadi di sekolah. Dengan kata lain, dalam membangun pendidikan, selain
menggunakan pendekatan makro juga perlu memperhatikan pendekatan mikro
yaitu dengan memberi fokus secara lebih luas pada institusi sekolah yang
berkenaan dengan kondisi keseluruhan sekolah seperti iklim sekolah dan individu-
individu yang terlibat di sekolah baik guru, siswa, dan kepala sekolah serta
peranannya masing-masing dan hubungan yang terjadi satu sama lain. Input
sekolah memang penting tetapi yang jauh lebih penting adalah bagaimana
mendayagunakan input tersebut yang terkait dengan individu-individu di sekolah.

B. Rumusan Masalah

1. Apa contoh dari Narrative text ?

2. Apa contoh dari Descriptive text ?
3. Apa yang dimaksud dengan Report text ?
4. Apa saja yang termasuk struktur dari Report text ?
5. Apa contoh dari Recount text ?
6. Apa contoh dari Procedure text ?

C. Tujuan

Efek ragam bahasa inggris dalam tata cara berkomunikasi dengan orang – orang
dari Negara lain. Di antaranya yaitu dengan mempelajari bahasa inggris the kind
of the text ini Untuk menguasainya kita perlu mempelajari dengan penuh
keseriusan dan ketekunan. Maka dengan ini mudah – mudahan makalah ini di buat
bias mempermudah para pembaca untuk mempelajarinya.

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 BAB II
PEMBAHASAN

2.1. Text Narrative

2.1.1. Definition Of Narrative Text

Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events
and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An
important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of
methods used to communicate the narrative through a process
narration.

2.1.2. The Purpose Of Narrative Text

The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader
with a story.

2.1.3. Generic Structures Of Narrative Text

1) Orientation
Sets the scene: where and when the story happened and introduces
the participants of the story: who and what is involved in the story.
2) Complication
Tells the beginning of the problems which leads to the crisis
(climax) of the main participants
3) Resolution
The problem (the crisis) is resolved, either in a happy ending or in
a sad (tragic) ending
4) Re-orientation/Coda
This is a closing remark to the story and it is optional. It consists
of a moral lesson, advice or teaching from the writer

2.1.4. Language Feature of Narrative Text

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 - Past tense (killed, drunk, etc)
- Adverb of time (Once upun a time, one day, etc)
- Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, etc)
- Specific character. The character of the story is specific, not
general. (Cinderella, Snow White, Alibaba, etc)
- Action verbs. A verb that shows an action. (killed, dug, walked,
etc)
- Direct speech. It is to make the story lively. (Snow White said,”My
name is Snow White). The direct speech uses present tense.

2.1.5. Example Of Narrative Text

PRABU Tapa Agung was an old king. He had two daughters,

Purbararang and Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung planned to retire as
a king. He wanted Purbasari to replace him as the leader of the
kingdom. Hearing this, Purbararang was angry. "You cannot ask
her to be the queen, Father. I'm older than she is. It's supposed to
be me, not her!" said Purbararang. But the king still chose
Purbasari to be the next queen. Purbararang then set a bad plan
with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked
her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There
were black dots all over her body. "You are not as beautiful as I
am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace
and stay in a jungle," said Purbararang. Purbasari was very sad.
Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time
playing with some animals there. There was one monkey that
always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he
had magical power. And he also could talk with humans. The
monkey's name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His
name was Sanghyang Gurumina. Lutung Kasarung planned to help

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 Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there.
Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin
back. After that, she asked Lutung Kasarung to accompany her to
go back to the palace. Purbararang was very shocked. She knew
she had to come up with another bad idea. She then said, "Those
who have longer hair will be the queen." The king then measured
his daughters' hair. Purbasari had longer hair. But Purbararang did
not give up. "A queen must have a handsome husband. If my fiance
is more handsome than yours, then I will be the queen," said
Purbararang. Purbasari was sad. She knew Purbararang's fiance,
Indrajaya, was handsome. And she did not have a fiance yet. "Here
is my fiancé, Indrajaya. Where is yours?" asked Purbararang.
Lutung Kasarung came forward. Purbararang was laughing very
hard. "Your fiance is a monkey, ha ha ha." Suddenly, Lutung
Kasarung changed into a very a handsome man. He was even more
handsome than Indrajaya. Purbasari then became the queen. She
forgave Purbararang and her fiance and let them stay in the palace.

2.2. Descriptive Text

2.2.1 Definition Of Descriptive Text

Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is
like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place,
or thing. Descriptive text is a text that explains about whether a
person or an object is like, whether its form, its properties, its
amount and others. The purpose of the descriptive text is clear, that
is to describe, represent or reveal a person or an object, either
abstract or concrete.

2.2.2 Generic Structure Of Descriptive Text

Generic Structure (Bagaimana Teks disusun) of Descriptive Text
When writing descriptive text, there are some generic structures

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 (actually not mandatory) for our writing to be true. The
arrangement is:
1. Identification: (contains about the introduction of a person,
place, animal or object will be described.)
2. Description: contains a description of something such as
animal, things, place or person by decribing its features, forms,
colors, or anything related to what the writer describe.

2.2.3 Purpose Of Descriptive Text

- To describe person, thing or place in specific
- To describe a particular person, thing or place.
2.2.4 Language Feature of Descriptive Text
- Specific participant : has a certain object, is not common and
unique (only one). for example: Bandengan beach, my house,
Borobudur temple, uncle Jim
- The use of the adjective (an adjective) to clarify the noun, for
example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in
Jepara, etc.
- The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is
simple present because it tells the fact of the object described.
- Action verb: verbs that show an activity (for example, run, sleep,
walk, cut etc.)

2.2.5 Example Of Descriptive Text

Borobudur is Hindu – Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth

century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom.
Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. Borobudur
is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the
Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m
high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace
are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in

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 bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of
bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the
centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends
through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of
borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences
temples at Angkor, Cambodia. Borobudur temple which is rededicated
as an Indonesian monument in 1983 is a valuable treasure for
Indonesian people.

2.3. Report Text

2.3.1. Definiton Of Report

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it
is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

2.3.2. Generic Structure Of Report

1) General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of
thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in
general
2) Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail;
part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for
materials

2.3.3. Language Feature of Report

 Introducing group or general aspect
 Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc
 Using simple present tense

2.3.4. Example Of Report Text

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 Many people call platypus duckbill because this animal has a bill like
duckbill. Platypus is a native Tasmania and southern and eastern Australia.
Platypus has a flat tail and webbed feet. Its body length is 30 to 45 cm and
covered with a thick, and woolly layer of fur. Its bill is detecting prey and
stirring up mud. Platypus' eyes and head are small. It has no ears but has
ability to sense sound and light. Platypus lives in streams, rivers, and
lakes. Female platypus usually dig burrows in the streams or river banks.
The burrows are blocked with soil to protect it from intruders and
flooding. In the other hand, male platypus does not need any burrow to
stay.

2.4. Recount text

2.4.1. Definition Of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that telling the reader about one story, action
or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or informing the reader.
Recount is a text which retells event or experiences in the past.
2.4.2. Generic Structure Of Recount Text
- Orientation : It gives the readers the background information
needed to understand the text, such as who was involved, where it
happened, and when it happened.
- Events : A series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.
- Re-orientation : A personal comment about the event or what
happened in the end.

2.4.3. Purpose Of Recount Text

To retell past experience

2.4.4. Language Feature Of Recount Text

- Using the simple past tense, past continuous tense, past perfect
tense, and past perfect continuous tense.
- Using temporal sequence, e.g. On Saturday. On Monday, On
Sunday

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 - Focus on specific participant, e.g. I (the writer)
- Using the conjunctions, such as: then, before, after, etc.
- Using action verd, e.g. went, stayed

2.4.5. Example Of Recount Text

The bomb, in the resort of Kuta, destroyed the Sari Club and a crowded
nightspot. Many people have fallen victims to this blast. Many of them
were foreign tourists, especially from Australia. They were burner beyond
recognition. Some tourist who were at the scene of the blast said there
were two explosions around the nightclub. One bomb had exploded
outside Paddy’s Bar before a Bar bomb hit the Sari Club which was
located some meters away.

Hundred were injured in the explosion and about 220 Australians remain
unaccounted for. The U.K. Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, said that 33
Britons were among those killed in the Bali attack. The Australian Primer
Minister, John Howard, called its borders, saying it had been a problem for
a long time.

Lists of missing people have been posted in Bali and official said that it
could take days to identity all the victims, some of whom were trapped in
the Sari Club by a wall of flames. A notice board at the hospital in Bali
includes a section called “Unknown Identity” and detailed list on victims
such as : “Young girl in intensive care, 11-14 years old, face burned,
income, Causation,” or “Girl in intensive care, about 5 years old, 130 cm,
fair skin, Caucasian with reddish brown hair. She has a purplish belly
button ring.”

Many embassies, including the British and the American, are advising
their people to cancel spending their planned holidays in Indonesia, and all
U.S. citizens in the country have been told to leave including diplomats
and non-essential government staff.

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2.5. Procedure Text
2.5.1. Definiton of Procedure Text
There are three definition about procedure text : (1) Texts that
explain how something works or how to use instruction / operation
manuals, e.g. how to use the video, the computer, the tape recorder,
the photocopier, the fax. (2) Texts that instruct how to do a
particular activity, e.g. recipes, rules for games, science
experiments, road safety rules. (3) Texts that deal with human
behavior, e.g. how to live happily, how to succeed

2.5.2. Generic Structure Of Procedure Text

- Goal : (e.g. : How to make spaghetti)
- Material or Ingredient : (e.g. : the material to cook omelette are
egg, onion, vegetable oil, etc. )
- Step : (e.g. : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, …., second cut the
onions becomes slice ….)

2.5.3. Language Feature Of Procedure Text

- Use adverbial of sequence / Using temporal conjunction (e.g. :
first, second, third, the last)
- Use command / imperative sentence (e.g. : put the noodles on the
…., cut the onion …, wash the tomatoes ….,)
- Using adverbials (Adverbs) to express detail the time, place,
manner accurate, for example, for five minutes, 2 hours, etc.
- Using action verbs, e.g. : make, take, boil, cook
- Using Simple Present Tense

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 2.5.4. Example Of Procedure Text

Ingredients:

- 1 Foot of cow
- 4 cups Coconut milk
- 1 Turmeric leaf
- 2 seed of False mangosteen ( Common english name for "Asam Kandis").
It's also called "Gamboge tree", "Eggtree", "Sour mangosteen", "Cochin-
goraka".
- 2 Kaffir lime leaves
- 1 stalk Lemongrass
- Blended spices
o 1 tbsp Blended red chilies
o 2 cm Turmeric
o 5 pcs Candlenuts
o 2 cm Laos / Galangal
o 6 cloves Garlic
o 10 pcs Shallots

How To :
1. Clean the cow's foot and its hair, cut into several pieces and cook until
tender.
2. Remove the bones and then cut the meat into small sizes according to your
preference.
3. Cook the coconut milk together with the blended spices, kaffir lime leaves,
kandis acid (false mangosteen) and the lemongrass.
4. Add the meat pieces and cook until the coconut milk thickens and oily.
5. Keep stirring until it's well cooked to prevent the coconut milk from
dissolving
6. Lift

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15
 BAB III
KESIMPULAN

3.1. Kesimpulan

Kinds of text atau jenis jenis text pada makalah ini yaitu Narrative text,
Descriptive text, Procedure text, Recount text, Report text. Jenis Jenis text
ini memiliki masing masih contoh seperti yang sudah di jelaskan pada
makalah ini seperti Procedure text yang berisi tentang petunjuk petunjuk
cara membuat sesuatu yang di tulis secara berurut. Procedure text pada
makalah ini terdiri atas Ingridients atau Bahan- Bahan serta How to atau
Cara Pembuatan. Report text pada makalah ini sudah terdapat arti dari
Report text itu sendiri dan struktur serta kebahasaannya.

BAB IV
PENUTUP

Demikian yang dapat kami paparkan mengenai materi yang menjadi pokok
bahasan dalam makalah ini, tentunya masih banyak kekurangan dan
kelemahannya, kerena terbatasnya pengetahuan dan kurangnya rujukan atau
referensi yang ada hubungannya dengan judul makalah ini.

Penulis banyak berharap para pembaca yang budiman dusi memberikan kritik dan
saran yang membangun kepada penulis demi sempurnanya makalah ini dan dan
penulisan makalah di kesempatan-kesempatan berikutnya. Semoga makalah ini
berguna bagi penulis pada khususnya juga para pembaca yang budiman pada
umumnya.

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Alan, Evision. 1983. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary New York: Oxford
University Press.
Ali, Muhammad. 1982. Penelitian Procedure dan Strategy. Bandung : Angkasa
Bram, Barly. 1995. Write Well, Improving Writing Skill. Yogyakarta : Kanisius
Burn, Robert B. 1994. Introduction to Research Methods. Jakarta : PT Gramedia
Pustaka Utama
Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. 1994. Kurikulum SLTP, GBPP, Jakarta
: Depdikbud
Hornby, AS. 1984. Oxford Advantaged Learner’s Dictionary of current English.
America : Oxford University Press.
Kerlinger, Fred N. 1964. Foundation of behavioral Research. USA : Holt,
Rinehart and Winston INC.
Surakhmad, Winarno. 1981. Paper, Skripsi, Thesis and Disertasi. Bandung :
Tarsito.
Webster, 1957. Webster’s New World Dictionary of American Language. New
York : The Word Publisher Company

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