Human Factor - CAP 175 - 2 Human Limitation Bahasa
Human Factor - CAP 175 - 2 Human Limitation Bahasa
Pemahaman terhadap:
§ Fungsi badan dan proses mental
§ Batasan kemampuan unjuk-kerja yang
dapat mempengaruhi efektifitas kerja.
Mechanic
1. Vision, penglihatan
2. Hearing, pendengaran
3. Information processing, pemrosesan informasi
4. Attention and perception, perhatian dan persepsi
5. Memory, ingatan
6. Judgement and decision making, pertimbangan dan
pengambilan keputusan
VISION - PENGLIHATAN
VISION
Ketika lelah:
• Accommodation (kemampuan bentuk dari lensa)
berkurang, à menghasilkan menurunnya ketajaman
penglihatan
Human Ear
Fungsi:
- Mendeteksi suara dengan menerima getaran di udara, dan
yang kedua
- Yang mengatur keseimbangan dan rasa akan percepatan..
PENGARUH GANGGUAN SUARA TERHADAP
PERFORMANCE
Effect negatif gangguan suara di tempat kerja:
§Mengganggu (e.g. sudden sounds, constant loud
sound, etc.);
§Menyulitkan berbicara karena suara manusia
hilang ditelan suara bising;
§Penyebab kecelakaan karena tanda bahaya tidak
terdengar
§Bikin capek/lelah dan mengganggu konsentrasi,
pengambilan keputusan, dll
§Merusak pendengaran (sementara atau
permanent).
PENGARUH GANGGUAN SUARA TERHADAP
PERFORMANCE
Effect negatif gangguan suara di tempat kerja:
§ Tetap.
§Dengan meningkatnya intensitas terkena suaranya,
tingkat kesembuhannya menurun dan kemudian
kehilangan pendengaran menjadi permanent
SOUND LEVELS
Approximate
Activity Intensity level
(Decibels)
• Gesekan daun/ berbisik 20
• Berbicara at 2m 50
• Mesin ketik at 1m 65
• Mobil at 15m 70
• Truk at 15m 75
• Mesin potong rumput at 2m 90
• Propellor aircraft at 300m 100
• Jet aircraft at 300m 110 Reduced by up to:
• Berdiri dekat propellor aircraft 120 - 20 dB à ear plug
• Ambang rasa sakit 140 - 40 dB à ear muff
• Kerusakan pendengaran segera
150
terjadi
SOUND LEVELS
Proses ini bisa mulai dari memutuskan untuk tidak berbuat apa2,
sampai memutuskan untuk bertindak segera dengan cara yang
spesifik
- Alaram tanda kebakaran, sebagai contoh,
- Dapat membuat orang yang sudah terlatih untuk beraksi
tanpa berpikir (yaitu menyelamatkan diri)
- Sebaliknya, yang tidak familiar dengan tanda bahaya tersebut
memerlukan tambahan informasi sebelum melakukan
tindakan yang seharusnya.
Peralatan dapat dipakai untuk membantu proses pengambilan
keputusan à tanda2 evakuasi dll
Memory - ingatan
Memory
Memori atau ingatan dapat dianggap sebagai tempat
menyimpan dan memelihara informasi, pengalaman,
dan pengetahuan, dan juga kemampuan untuk
mengambil kembali informasi ini.
SITUATION AWARENESS
Example:
An engineer seeing (or perceiving) blue streaks on the fuselage. His
comprehension may be that the lavatory fill cap could be missing or
the drainline leaking. If his situation awareness is good, he may
appreciate that such a leak could allow blue water to freeze, leading to
airframe or engine damage.
Example:
• Seorang engineer melihat (mempersepsikan) garis biru
difuselage.
• Pemikirannya mungkin itu adalah dikarenakan tutup
lavatory yang tidak terpasang, sehingga terjadi
kebocoran.
• Kalau tingkat situation awareness nya baik, dia akan
menyimpulkan kalau kebocoran tersebut akan
menyebapkan blue water akan membeku yang dapat
membuat kerusakan engine atau airframe
SITUATION AWARENESS
S U L I T D I I N G AT M U D A H D I I N G AT
0012133854747 001 – 213 – 3385 – 4747
962227207075 962 – 22 – 720 - 7075
INFORMATION PROCESSING LIMITATIONS
More …..
CLAUSTROPHOBIA AND FEAR OF HEIGHTS
Claustrophobia
§Rasa takut berada dalam tempat yang tertutup
(eg: in fuel tank)
Fear of Heights
• Rasa takut berada ditempat yang tinggi
Plate 1
Both normal and those
with all colour vision
deficiencies should read
the number 12.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 2 of 24
Plate 2
Normal : - read the number 8.
red-green CV deficiencies:
- read the number 3.
Total colour blindness:
- not be able to read any
numeral
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 3 of 24
Plate 3
Normal vision:
- the number 29.
Red-green deficiencies:
- the number 70.
Total colour blindness:
- not read any numeral
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 4 of 24
Plate 4
Normal: 5.
Red-Green deficiencies: 2.
Total colour blindness: - .
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 5 of 24
Plate 5
Normal colour vision should
read the number 3. Red-Green
colour deficiencies should
read the number 5. Total
colour blindness should not
be able to read any numeral.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 6 of 24
Plate 6
Normal: 15.
Red-Green deficiencies: 17.
Total colour blindness: - .
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 7 of 24
Plate 7
Normal colour vision should
read the number 74. Red-Green
colour deficiencies should
read the number 21. Total
colour blindness should not
be able to read any numeral.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 8 of 24
Plate 8
Normal: 6.
The majority of those with
colour vision deficiencies
cannot read this number or
will read it incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 9 of 24
Plate 9
Normal: 45.
The majority of those with
colour vision deficiencies
cannot read this number or
will read it incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 10 of 24
Plate 10
Normal colour vision
should read the number 5.
Those with colour vision
deficiencies will not read
the number or read it
incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 11 of 24
Plate 11
Normal colour vision
should read the number 7.
Those with colour vision
deficiencies will not read
this number or read it
incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 12 of 24
Plate 12
Normal colour vision
should read the number 16.
Those with colour vision
deficiencies will not read
this number or read it
incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 13 of 24
Plate 13
Normal colour vision will
read the number 73.
Those with colour vision
deficiencies should nor be
able to read this number or
will read it incorrectly.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 14 of 24
Plate 14
Normal colour and total
colour blindness: NO
NUMBER
The majority of those with
red-green deficiencies: 5.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 15 of 24
Plate 15
Normal colour and total
colour blindness: NO
NUMBER
The majority of those with
red-green deficiencies: 45.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 16 of 24
Plate 16
Normal colour vision should read
the number 26.
In protanopia and strong
protanomalia the number 6 is read
and in mild protanomalia both
numerals are read but the number 6
is clearer than the number 2.
In deuteranopia and strong
deuteranomalia only the number 2
is read and in mild deuteranomalia
both the number 2 is clearer than
the number 6.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 17 of 24
Plate 17
Normal colour vision should read
the number 42.
In protanopia and strong
protanomalia the number 2 is read
and in mild protanomalia both
numerals are read but the number 2
is clearer than the number 4.
In deuteranopia and strong
deuteranomalia only the number 4
is read and in mild deuteranomalia
both the number 4 is clearer than
the number 2.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 18 of 24
Plate 18
The normal should trace along the
purple and red lines between the
two X's. In protanopia and strong
protanomalia only the purple line is
traced and in mild protanomalia
both lines can be traced but the
purple line is easier to follow.
In deuteranopia and strong
deuteranomalia only the red line is
traced and in mild deuteranomalia
both lines are traced but the red
line is easier to follow.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 19 of 24
Plate 19
Red-green colour blindness
can trace the winding line
between the two X's.
The majority of those with
normal and total colour
blindness are unable to
follow the line.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 20 of 24
Plate 20
The majority of those with
red-green colour blindness
can trace the winding line
between the two X's.
The majority of those with
normal and total colour
blindness are unable to
follow the line.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 21 of 24
Plate 21
Normal will trace the
orange line between the
two X's.
The majority of those with
colour vision deficiencies
will be unable to follow the
line or will follow a line
different to the normal one.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 22 of 24
Plate 22
Normal should trace the line
connecting the blue-green and
the yellow-green.
Those with red-green
deficiencies trace the line
connecting the blue-green and
purple.
Those with total colour
blindness cannot trace any line
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 23 of 24
Plate 23
Normal should trace the line
connecting the purple and the
orange between the two X's.
Red-green deficiencies should
trace the line connecting the
purple and the blue-green.
Total colour blindness and
weakness cannot trace any
line.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS
Colour Blindness Tests
Test 24 of 24
Plate 24
Both normal and those with
colour vision deficiencies
can trace the winding line
between the two X's.
PRESS
TO
BYPASS