Skripsi
Disusun Oleh :
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN
iii
KATA PENGANTAR
Penulis
vi
STUDI PERENCANAAN PONDASI TIANG PANCANG PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN
RUMAH SAKIT JANTUNG KENDARI
Abstract
Rumah Sakit Jantung Kendari is a seventeen-floor hospital building located in Kendari City,
Southeast Sulawesi. This hospital was built as an effort to facilitate the treatment process for
patients, especially heart patients who are in eastern Indonesia. The foundation has an important
role in a building, without a strong foundation the building will not be able to withstand the load
on the structure above it. The load acting on the foundation based on the results of the load
analysis on the structure with the help of the STAAD-pro supporting application, the largest
reaction was obtained Pu = 3510,00 tons. In this planning, the option of using a pile foundation
is used. Rectilinear pile foundation is used with dimensions of 40 cm x 40 cm with a depth of 24
m, 22 m and 20 m. The main reinforcement used in the piles is 12D16 and stirrups ∅10-150. The
pile cap design used is divided into three types, namely pile cap with four pile dimensions of 2.5
x 2.5 x 0.7 m3, pile cap with 64 pile dimensions of 10.3 x 10.3 x 0.7 m3 and pile cap with 36 piles
dimensions 7.7 x 7.7 x 0.7 m 3 with main reinforcement used D19 – 100 and reinforcement for
D12 – 100. The largest total settlement occurred at point K92 of 9,92 cm.
Keywords: Deep Foundation, Pile Foundation, Pile cap, Soil Bearing Capacity, Settlement
Abstrak
Rumah Sakit Jantung Kendari merupakan bangunan rumah sakit tujuh belas lantai yang berada
di Kota Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Rumah sakit ini dibangun sebagai upaya
mempermudah proses pengobatan pada pasien khususnya jantung yang berada di daerah
Indonesia timur. Pondasi memiliki peran penting pada suatu bangunan, tanpa adanya pondasi
yang kuat maka bangunan tidak akan mampu menahan beban pada struktur di atasnya. Beban
yang bekerja pada pondasi berdasarkan hasil analisa pembebanan pada struktur dengan bantuan
aplikasi pendukung STAAD-pro, diperoleh reaksi terbesat Pu = 3510,00 ton. Pada perencanaan
ini, digunakan opsi penggunaan pondasi tiang pancang. Digunakan pondasi tiang pancang
bujursangkar dengan dimensi 40 cm x 40 cm dengan kedalaman 24 m, 22 m dan 20 m. Tulangan
utama yang digunakan pada tiang pancang adalah 12D16 dan tulangan Sengkang ∅10-150.
Desain pile cap yang digunakan terbagi menjadi tiga tipe yaitu pile cap dengan empat tiang
dimensi 2,5 x 2,5 x 0,7 m3, pile cap dengan 64 tiang dimensi 10,3 x 10,3 x 0,7 m 3 dan pile cap
dengan 36 tiang dimensi 7,7 x 7,7 x 0,7 m 3 dengan tulangan utama digunakan D19 – 100 dan
tulangan bagi D12 – 100. Penurunan total terbesar terjadi pada titik K92 sebesar 9,92 cm.
Kata Kunci: Pondasi Dalam, Pondasi Tiang Pancang, Pile cap, Daya Dukung Tanah, Penurunan
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DAFTAR ISI
COVER ...................................................................................................................................... i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .....................................................................................................ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN ....................................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................vii
ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................ xiii
BAB I ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah......................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan Studi Perencanaan ............................................................................................ 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 3
1.5 Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................................... 3
BAB II ....................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Umum ........................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Pondasi Dangkal (shallow foundation) ......................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Pondasi Batu kali........................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 Pondasi Tapak Beton bertulang ..................................................................................... 5
2.3 Pondasi Dalam (shallow foundation) ............................................................................ 5
2.3.1 Pondasi Tiang ................................................................................................................ 6
2.3.1 Pondasi Tiang Pancang ................................................................................................. 6
2.4 Pembebanan.................................................................................................................. 8
2.4.1 Beban Mati .................................................................................................................... 8
2.4.2 Beban Hidup ................................................................................................................. 8
2.4.3 Beban Gempa .............................................................................................................. 11
2.4.3.1 Peta Gempa Berdasarkan Resiko Tertarget ................................................................. 12
2.4.3.2 Kategori Risiko pada Bangunan dan Faktor Keutamaan Gempa ................................. 12
2.4.3.3 Klasifikasi Situs .......................................................................................................... 15
2.4.3.4 Parameter-Parameter MCER ........................................................................................ 16
2.4.3.5 Parameter Nilai Percepatan Spektral Desain ............................................................... 18
2.4.3.6 Penentuan Kategori Desain Seismik ............................................................................ 18
2.4.3.7 Kombinasi Sistem Struktur dengan Arah Berbeda ...................................................... 19
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2.4.3.8 Penentuan Periode Fundamental ................................................................................. 22
2.4.3.9 Pendekatan Periode Fundamental ................................................................................ 22
2.4.3.10 Geser Dasar Gaya Seismik .......................................................................................... 23
2.4.3.11 Koefisien Respons Seismik ......................................................................................... 23
2.4.3.12 Distibusi Vertikal Gaya Seismik ................................................................................. 24
2.5 Penyelidikan Tanah di Lapangan ................................................................................ 24
2.6 Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang ............................................................................................. 25
2.6.1 Daya Dukung Ijin Tekan ............................................................................................. 25
2.6.2 Daya Dukung Ijin Tarik .............................................................................................. 26
2.7 Jumlah Tiang yang Diperlukan ................................................................................... 27
2.8 Efisiensi Kelompok Tiang .......................................................................................... 27
2.9 Beban Maksimum Tiang pada Kelompok Tiang......................................................... 28
2.10 Daya Dukung Horizontal ............................................................................................ 29
2.11 Penurunan Tiang ......................................................................................................... 31
2.11.1 Penurunan Segera Kelompok Tiang ............................................................................ 31
2.12 Pile Cap ...................................................................................................................... 32
2.12.1 Dimensi Pile Cap........................................................................................................ 34
BAB III .................................................................................................................................... 35
3.1 Lokasi Perencanaan .................................................................................................... 35
3.2 Data Perencanaan ....................................................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Data Umum Bangunan ................................................................................................ 35
3.2.2 Data Teknis Bangunan ................................................................................................ 36
3.2.3 Mutu Bahan ................................................................................................................. 38
3.3 Beban-beban yang Bekerja ......................................................................................... 39
3.3.1 Beban Mati .................................................................................................................. 39
3.3.2 Beban Hidup ............................................................................................................... 39
3.3.3 Beban Gempa .............................................................................................................. 39
3.4 Data Penyelidikan Tanah ............................................................................................ 39
3.5 Variabel Perencanaan ................................................................................................. 40
3.6 Prosedur Perencanaan ................................................................................................. 40
3.6.1. Pengumpulan Data ...................................................................................................... 42
3.6.2. Perhitungan dan Analisa Pembebanan ......................................................................... 43
3.6.3. Perencanaan Dimensi Pondasi Tiang Pancang ............................................................ 43
3.6.4. Perhitungan Kapasitas Daya Dukung Ijin Tiang ......................................................... 43
3.6.5. Perhitungan Jumlah Tiang Pancang ............................................................................ 43
3.6.6. Kontrol ........................................................................................................................ 43
3.6.7. Penurunan Pondasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang ............................................................ 44
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3.6.8. Perhitungan Perencanaan Pile Cap.............................................................................. 44
3.6.9. Penggambaran Desain Pondasi dan Pile Cap .............................................................. 44
BAB IV .................................................................................................................................... 45
4.1 Data Perencanaan ....................................................................................................... 45
4.2. Analisa Pembebanan ................................................................................................... 45
4.2.1 Pembebanan Statis Portal ............................................................................................ 45
4.2.2 Berat Sendiri ............................................................................................................... 46
4.2.3 Beban Gempa .............................................................................................................. 47
4.2.4 Hasil Analisa Statika Pembebanan .............................................................................. 53
4.3 Perencanaan Pondasi Tiang Pancang .......................................................................... 56
4.3.1 Perencanaan Tiang Pancang Pondasi – Zona I ............................................................ 56
4.3.2 Perencanaan Tiang Pancang Pondasi – Zona II ........................................................... 71
4.3.3 Perencanaan Tiang Pancang Pondasi – Zona III .......................................................... 86
4.4 Perencanaan Pile Cap ............................................................................................... 101
4.4.1 Penulangan Pile Cap Tipe I, Titik 13 (Grid K-3) ...................................................... 101
4.4.2 Penulangan Pile Cap Tipe II, Titik 51 (Grid G-4) ..................................................... 106
4.4.3 Penulangan Pile Cap Tipe III, Titik 93 (Grid C-6) .................................................... 110
4.5 Perencanaan Tulangan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................ 114
4.5.1 Perhitungan Momen pada Tiang Pancang ................................................................. 115
4.5.2 Perhitungan Tulangan pada Tiang Pancang ............................................................... 117
4.5.3 Perhitungan Sengkang pada Tiang Pancang .............................................................. 119
4.5.4 Perhitungan Tulangan Tusuk Konde ......................................................................... 120
4.6 Penurunan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ........................................................................... 120
BAB V ................................................................................................................................... 126
5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................... 126
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................................................... 126
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 127
LAMPIRAN.......................................................................................................................... 128
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DAFTAR TABEL
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2. 1 Panjang dan Beban Maksimum untuk Berbagai Macam Tipe Tiang yang Umum
Dipakai dalam Praktek (Carson, 1965) ...................................................................................... 6
Gambar 2. 2 Konfigurasi Tiang Pancang Khusus. ..................................................................... 7
Gambar 2. 3 Ss, Gempa Maksimum yang Dipertimbangkan Risiko Tertarget (MCER) Kelas
Situs SB..................................................................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2. 4 S1, Gempa Maksimum yang Dipertimbangkan Risiko Tertarget (MCER) Kelas
Situs SB..................................................................................................................................... 12
Gambar 2. 5 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah Ujung Tiang ....................................... 26
Gambar 2. 6 Beban yang Bekerja pada Pile Cap ..................................................................... 29
Gambar 2. 7 Tiang Ujung Jepit dalam Tanah Kohesif (Broms, 1964a) (a) Tiang Pendek (b)
Tiang Sedang ........................................................................................................................... 30
Gambar 2. 8 Tiang Ujung Jepit dalam Tanah Kohesif (Broms, 1964a) (c) Tiang Pendek ...... 31
Gambar 2. 9 Grafik Hubungan µi, µi, Kedalaman Pondasi (Df) dan Lebar Pondasi (B) (Janbu,
Bjerrum dan Kjaernsli) ............................................................................................................ 32
Gambar 2. 10 Contoh-Contoh Susunan Kelompok Tiang ....................................................... 33
Gambar 2. 11 Kriteria Perancangan Pelat Penutup Tiang (Pile Cap) (Teng, 1962) ................ 33
Gambar 2. 21 Jarak Tiang ........................................................................................................ 34
Gambar 3.1 Lokasi Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Rumah Sakit Jantung Kendari……….. ..35
Gambar 3. 2 Denah Bangunan (Lantai Dasar) ......................................................................... 36
Gambar 3. 3 Denah Bangunan (Lantai 1) ................................................................................ 37
Gambar 3. 4 Denah Bangunan (Lantai 2 dan 3) ...................................................................... 37
Gambar 3. 5 Denah Bangunan (Lantai 4) ................................................................................ 38
Gambar 3. 6 Denah Bangunan (Lantai 5 – 16) ........................................................................ 38
Gambar 3. 7 Diagram Alir Perencanaan .................................................................................. 41
Gambar 3. 8 Diagram Alir Aplikasi Pendukung ...................................................................... 42
Gambar 4. 1 Grafik Percepatan Respon Spektra Gempa Gedung Rumah Sakit Jantung
Kendari……………………………………………………………………………………….48
Gambar 4. 2 Distribusi Beban Gempa ..................................................................................... 51
Gambar 4. 3 Titik Perencanaan Pondasi Tiang Pancang ......................................................... 56
Gambar 4. 4 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-01 Grid K-3 ............................................................. 58
Gambar 4. 5 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang .............................. 58
Gambar 4. 6 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid K-3....................................... 62
xiii
Gambar 4. 7 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid K-3............ 64
Gambar 4. 8 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-01 Grid K-8 ............................................................. 65
Gambar 4. 9 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang .............................. 65
Gambar 4. 10 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid K-8..................................... 69
Gambar 4. 11 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid K-8.......... 71
Gambar 4. 12 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-03 Grid G-4 ........................................................... 72
Gambar 4. 13 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang ............................ 72
Gambar 4. 14 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid G-4..................................... 76
Gambar 4. 15 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid K-8.......... 78
Gambar 4. 16 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-03 Grid G-7 ........................................................... 79
Gambar 4. 17 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang ............................ 80
Gambar 4. 18 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid G-7..................................... 83
Gambar 4. 19 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid G-7.......... 85
Gambar 4. 20 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-05 Grid C-6 ........................................................... 87
Gambar 4. 21 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang ............................ 87
Gambar 4. 22 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid C-6 ..................................... 91
Gambar 4. 23 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid C-6 .......... 93
Gambar 4. 24 Kalibrasi Nilai N pada BH-05 Grid B-7 ........................................................... 94
Gambar 4. 25 Diagram Intensitas Daya Dukung Tanah pada Ujung Tiang ............................ 95
Gambar 4. 26 Konfigurasi Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid B-9 ..................................... 98
Gambar 4. 27 Distribusi Beban Maksimum Kelompok Tiang Pancang pada Grid B-7 ........ 100
Gambar 4. 28 Pile Cap Tipe I, Titik 13.................................................................................. 102
Gambar 4. 29 Tampak Atas Pile Cap..................................................................................... 105
Gambar 4. 30 Detail Penulangan Pile Cap............................................................................. 106
Gambar 4. 31 Pile Cap Tipe II, Titik 51 ................................................................................ 107
Gambar 4. 32 Pile Cap Tipe III, Titik 93 ............................................................................... 111
Gambar 4. 33 Pengangkatan Tiang Satu Titik ....................................................................... 115
Gambar 4. 34 Pengangkatan Tiang Dua Titik ....................................................................... 117
Gambar 4. 35 Tulangan Sengkang Tiang Pancang ................................................................ 120
Gambar 4. 36 Penurunan Pondasi Tiang Pancang Titik 13 ................................................... 121
Gambar 4. 37 Grafik Penentuan Nilai µ1 dan µ0 Lapisan 1.................................................. 123
Gambar 4. 38 Grafik Penentuan Nilai µ1 dan µ0 Lapisan 2.................................................. 124
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
127
SURAT KETERANGAN LOLOS PLAGIASI